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*'''1517:''' Protestant Reformation. The first significant non-Catholic religions begin in Germany. | *'''1517:''' Protestant Reformation. The first significant non-Catholic religions begin in Germany. | ||
*'''1524:''' Protestant church records begin in Nürnberg | *'''1524:''' Protestant church records begin in Nuremberg (Nürnberg) | ||
*'''1563:''' Council of Trent. Catholic priests are ordered to start keeping baptism and marriage records. | *'''1563:''' Council of Trent. Catholic priests are ordered to start keeping baptism and marriage records. | ||
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*'''1622:''' The Pfalz suffers great destruction in the war. | *'''1622:''' The Pfalz suffers great destruction in the war. | ||
*'''1648:''' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_of_Westphalia Peace of Westphalia] ends Thirty Years' War in the Holy Roman Empire. Many borders are shifted. <br>15 May 1648 - Treaty of Osnabruck<br>24 Ocober 1648 - Treaty of | *'''1648:''' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_of_Westphalia Peace of Westphalia] ends Thirty Years' War in the Holy Roman Empire. Many borders are shifted. <br>15 May 1648 - Treaty of Osnabruck<br>24 Ocober 1648 - Treaty of Münster | ||
*'''1653-1654:''' Sweden started Sweden-Bremen Wars over the claim that Bremen was to be | *'''1653-1654:''' Sweden started Sweden-Bremen Wars over the claim that Bremen was to be ceded to Sweden. | ||
*'''1683:''' The first permanent German settlement in the United States | *'''1683:''' The first permanent German settlement in the United States was founded at Germantown, Pennsylvania. | ||
*'''1700:''' The last German Protestant areas finally | *'''1700:''' The last German Protestant areas finally change to the Gregorian calendar. | ||
*'''1709:''' Large numbers of emigrants, called Palatines | *'''1709:''' Large numbers of emigrants, called Palatines (Pfälzer), leave the Pfalz region of Germany for England and America. | ||
*'''1722:''' Austro-Hungarian monarchs begin inviting Germans to settle parts of their empire. | *'''1722:''' Austro-Hungarian monarchs begin inviting Germans to settle parts of their empire. | ||
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*'''1792:''' France starts civil registration west of the Rhein. Some church records are interrupted. | *'''1792:''' France starts civil registration west of the Rhein. Some church records are interrupted. | ||
*'''1793:''' Second Partition of Poland: Prussia annexes Posen | *'''1793:''' Second Partition of Poland: Prussia annexes Posen and parts to the east. | ||
*'''1795:''' Third Partition of Poland: Prussia annexes most of the rest of today's Poland, | *'''1795:''' Third Partition of Poland: Prussia annexes most of the rest of today's Poland, including Warsaw, Bialystok and parts of Lithuania. | ||
*'''1795:''' Napoleon begins to conquer most of Europe. Civil registration introduced in parts of Germany held by France. Jews treated as citizens, encouraged to adopt fixed surnames. | *'''1795:''' Napoleon begins to conquer most of Europe. Civil registration introduced in the parts of Germany held by France. Jews treated as citizens, encouraged to adopt fixed surnames. | ||
*'''1806:''' Europe reorganized under Napoleonic design. "Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation" no longer exists, replaced by Austrian (later Austro-Hungarian) Empire and various kingdoms and principalities across Germany. Prussia is defeated; loses almost all territories from | *'''1806:''' Europe reorganized under Napoleonic design. "Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation" no longer exists, replaced by Austrian (later Austro-Hungarian) Empire and various kingdoms and principalities across Germany. Prussia is defeated; loses almost all territories earlier acquired from partitions. | ||
*'''1812:''' Emancipation of Prussian Jews. Surname adoption mandatory. | *'''1812:''' Emancipation of Prussian Jews. Surname adoption mandatory. Jewish vital records kept by local governments.<br> | ||
*'''1814:''' Napoleon weakens. German states begin to reorganize under the leadership of | *'''1814:''' Napoleon weakens. German states begin to reorganize under the leadership of Prussia. | ||
*'''1815:''' Congress of Vienna effectively sets most of Europe's national boundaries for the next century. | *'''1815:''' Congress of Vienna effectively sets most of Europe's national boundaries for the next century. | ||
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*'''1864'''<nowiki>: Preussen conquers Schleswig-Holstein.</nowiki> | *'''1864'''<nowiki>: Preussen conquers Schleswig-Holstein.</nowiki> | ||
*'''1871:'''Franco-Prussian War ends. | *'''1871:''' Franco-Prussian War ends. Alsace and part of Lorraine come under German rule as Alsace-Lorraine. German Empire established as a single nation state.<br> | ||
*'''1874:''' | *'''1874: '''Prussia introduces civil registration. | ||
*'''1876:''' Civil registration is required throughout Germany and begins wherever it is not already in effect. | *'''1876:''' Civil registration is required throughout Germany and begins wherever it is not already in effect. | ||
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*'''1914''': World War I begins. | *'''1914''': World War I begins. | ||
*'''11 November 1918:'''World War I ends. | *'''11 November 1918:''' World War I ends. (Alsace-Lorraine is returned to France. Northern Schleswig-Holstein returned to Denmark. Posen and parts of Silesia and West Prussia are ceded to Poland. Northern tip of East Prussia goes to Lithuania. | ||
*'''1 September 1939:''' World War II begins. | *'''1 September 1939:''' World War II begins. | ||
*'''7 May 1945:''' World War II ends. | *'''7 May 1945:''' World War II ends. East Prussia divided between Poland and Russia. All other German territories east of the Oder-Neisse line ceded to Poland: Farther Pommerania (Hinterpommern), West Prussia, Neumark region of Brandenburg and Silesia come under Polish administration. | ||
The Family History Library has many published national, regional, provincial, and local histories for Germany. You can find histories in the Family History Library Catalog under: | The Family History Library has many published national, regional, provincial, and local histories for Germany. You can find histories in the Family History Library Catalog under: | ||
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Local histories describe the settlement of an area and the founding of churches, schools, and businesses in that area. They may contain information about families. Some county and town histories include separate sections or volumes containing biographical information. Even if your ancestor is not listed in a history, information on other relatives may be included and may provide important clues for finding the ancestor. A local history may also suggest other records to search. | Local histories describe the settlement of an area and the founding of churches, schools, and businesses in that area. They may contain information about families. Some county and town histories include separate sections or volumes containing biographical information. Even if your ancestor is not listed in a history, information on other relatives may be included and may provide important clues for finding the ancestor. A local history may also suggest other records to search. | ||
A special type of local history book with extensive genealogical information, called a village lineage book | A special type of local history book with extensive genealogical information, called a village lineage book (Ortssippenbuch or Ortsfamilienbuch), is available for many towns in Germany. For more information about these books, see the “Genealogy” section. | ||
In addition, local histories should be studied and enjoyed for the background information they can provide about your ancestors' lifestyle and the community and environment in which they lived. The Family History Library has some local histories for towns in Germany, and similar histories are often available at major public and university libraries and archives. | In addition, local histories should be studied and enjoyed for the background information they can provide about your ancestors' lifestyle and the community and environment in which they lived. The Family History Library has some local histories for towns in Germany, and similar histories are often available at major public and university libraries and archives. | ||