New York Emigration and Immigration: Difference between revisions

New York Emigration and Immigration (view source)

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 *[https://www.myheritage.com/research/collection-10029/russians-immigrating-to-the-united-states?s=1&formId=immigration-norels&formMode=1&useTranslation=1&exactSearch=&action=query&initialFormIds=immigration,pili,immigration-norels&p=1&qimmigration=Event+et.immigration+ep.New%2F3York+epmo.similar Russians Immigrating to the United States] at MyHeritage; index only ($); includes those with Destination of New York
-==History==
+==Background==
-Immigration to the United States was relatively low until the second half of the 19th century, despite encouragement from the federal government for able-bodied individuals to settle western lands. Few laws protected these immigrants upon arrival in the United States. The lack of regulation or legislation concerning immigration meant that foreigners who arrived in New York City were often found knocking on the doors of almshouses or city hospitals in desperate need of help. The state of New York passed the responsibility of immigrants to New York City but still provided financial support to help fund this expensive endeavor. In 1824 New York passed the Passenger Act, which made the vessels arriving at the Port of New York partly responsible for the expenses associated with the needy immigrants they transported to and deposited in New York City. More regulations (from both the United States government and the State of New York) were enacted in the 1830s and 1840s to protect both immigrants and ease the burden immigrants placed on New York City. On August 1, 1855 [[US Immigration History#Castle_Garden|Castle Garden]] was opened as an "Emigrant Receiving Depot." It was the first official immigrant receiving station in the United States. Castle Garden continued to function as New York's emigration receiving station until the early 1890, when [[US Immigration History#Ellis_Island|Ellis Island]] opened. Ellis Island was constructed, in part, because Castle Garden could no longer handle the flow of immigrants.<ref>"The History of Ellis Island," ''GGD'' 45 (January 2006): 30-31.</ref> The Barge Office (federally-run) was the temporary receiving station after Ellis Island was destroyed by fire. On January 1, 1892, Ellis Island permanently opened. For more information on the history of emigration in New York, read "The Port of New York Before Ellis Island" by Nancy Levin Arbeiter.<ref>Arbeiter, Nancy Levin. "The Port of New York Before Ellis Island". ''AVOTAYNU'' XXI (Fall 2005): 27-34.</ref>
+*During the 17th century, Dutch trading posts established for the trade of pelts from the Lenape, Iroquois, and other tribes were founded in the colony of '''New Netherland'''.
+*Both the Dutch and the British imported '''African slaves''' as laborers to the city and colony; New York had the second-highest population of slaves after Charleston, South Carolina. Slavery was extensive in New York City and some agricultural areas. The state passed a law for the gradual abolition of slavery soon after the Revolutionary War, but the last slave in New York was not freed until 1827.
+*Since the early 19th century, New York City has been the largest port of entry for legal immigration into the United States.
+*According to immigration statistics, the state is a leading recipient of migrants from around the globe. New York State has the second-largest international immigrant population in the country among the American states, at 4.2 million as of 2008; most reside in and around New York City, due to its size, high profile, vibrant economy, and cosmopolitan culture. New York has a pro-sanctuary city law.
+*According to the U.S. Census Bureau, New York has a racial and ethnic makeup of 55.1% non-Hispanic whites, 14.2% blacks or African Americans, 0.2% American Indians or Alaska Natives, 8.6% Asians, 0.6% from some other race, 2.1% from two or more races, and 19.3% Hispanics or Latin Americans of any race. There were an estimated 3,725 Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders in the state in 2019. Hispanics or Latin Americans of any race were 17.6% of the population in 2010; 2.4% were of Mexican, 5.5% Puerto Rican, 0.4% Cuban, and 9.4% other Hispanic or Latino origin. According to the 2010–2015 American Community Survey, the largest ancestry White American groups were Italian (13.0%), Irish (12.1%), German (10.3%), American (5.4%), and English (5.2%).<ref>"New York (state)", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_(state), accessed 8 April 2021.</ref>
 ==Immigration Records==