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==Surnames== | ==Surnames== | ||
*Basque surnames are surnames with Basque-language origins or a long, identifiable tradition in the Basque Country (which comprises the '''Autonomous Communities of the Basque Country and Navarre in Spain''' and the '''Northern Basque Country in France'''). | *Basque surnames are surnames with Basque-language origins or a long, identifiable tradition in the Basque Country (which comprises the '''Autonomous Communities of the Basque Country and Navarre in Spain''' and the '''Northern Basque Country in France'''). | ||
*Basque surnames can be divided into two main types, '''patronymic and non-patronymic'''. | *Basque surnames can be divided into two main types, '''patronymic and non-patronymic'''.<ref name="Basque">"Basque surnames", in Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basque_surnames, accessed 13 March 2021.</ref> | ||
===Patronymic=== | ===Patronymic=== | ||
*Patronymics are by far the most common surnames in the whole of the '''Basque Autonomous Community and Navarre'''. The patronymics are derived from the father through the suffix '''-ez, -oz, -iz or -az which means 'of''''. | *Patronymics are by far the most common surnames in the whole of the '''Basque Autonomous Community and Navarre'''. The patronymics are derived from the father through the suffix '''-ez, -oz, -iz or -az which means 'of''''. | ||
*The Basque language also expresses family links with the genitive '''suffix -(r)ena, e.g. Perurena, Arozena, etc., meaning 'belonging to''''. | *The Basque language also expresses family links with the genitive '''suffix -(r)ena, e.g. Perurena, Arozena, etc., meaning 'belonging to''''.<ref name="Basque"/> | ||
===Non-patronymic=== | ===Non-patronymic=== | ||
*The non-patronymic surnames are often '''toponymic (geographical) ones that refer to the family's "etxea", the historically all important family home'''. When a farm (baserri) was rented to another family, often the new tenants were known locally by the farm name rather than by their officially registered surname. The majority of modern Basque non patronymic surnames fall into two categories: | *The non-patronymic surnames are often '''toponymic (geographical) ones that refer to the family's "etxea", the historically all important family home'''. When a farm (baserri) was rented to another family, often the new tenants were known locally by the farm name rather than by their officially registered surname. The majority of modern Basque non patronymic surnames fall into two categories: | ||
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:*the first owner of the house. Usually this is a man's name. | :*the first owner of the house. Usually this is a man's name. | ||
:::See many examples of these at [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basque_surnames#Types_and_composition '''"Basque surnames"'''] in Wikipedia. | :::See many examples of these at [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basque_surnames#Types_and_composition '''"Basque surnames"'''] in Wikipedia. | ||
*Basque non-patronymic surnames are relatively easy to spot through the '''high frequency of certain elements and endings used in their formation:''' See chart of endings at [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basque_surnames#Recognizing_Basque_non-patronymic_surnames '''"Recognizing Basque Non-patronymic surnames"'''] in Wikipedia. | *Basque non-patronymic surnames are relatively easy to spot through the '''high frequency of certain elements and endings used in their formation:''' See chart of endings at [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basque_surnames#Recognizing_Basque_non-patronymic_surnames '''"Recognizing Basque Non-patronymic surnames"'''] in Wikipedia.<ref name="Basque"/> | ||
==Double or single Legal Surnames== | ==Double or single Legal Surnames== | ||
*As is the legal convention in Spain, '''Basques in the South have double legal surnames''', the first being that of the father and the second that of the mother. ''In the North, Basques legally have only one surname''' as is the convention in France. | *As is the legal convention in Spain, '''Basques in the South have double legal surnames''', the first being that of the father and the second that of the mother. ''In the North, Basques legally have only one surname''' as is the convention in France. | ||