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Arabs gained control of Armenia in 653 but permitted the rule of Armenian princes, which in time became virtual kings. The Bagrantuni dynasty reestablished an Armenian kingdom in 806 and ruled during a period of prosperity during the 9th and 10th centuries. The Seljuk Turks overran the country in the 11th century and the Mongols in the 13th century. During these centuries a [diaspora of Armenians sought safety elsewhere. | Arabs gained control of Armenia in 653 but permitted the rule of Armenian princes, which in time became virtual kings. The Bagrantuni dynasty reestablished an Armenian kingdom in 806 and ruled during a period of prosperity during the 9th and 10th centuries. The Seljuk Turks overran the country in the 11th century and the Mongols in the 13th century. During these centuries a [diaspora of Armenians sought safety elsewhere. | ||
Ottoman Turks and Persians contested the area in the 16th century and in 1639 they divided Armenia between them. The Persian half eventually fell to the Russian empire in 1828. Muslim Turks saw the large Christian population in the eastern half of | Ottoman Turks and Persians contested the area in the 16th century and in 1639 they divided Armenia between them. The Persian half eventually fell to the Russian empire in 1828. Muslim Turks saw the large Christian population in the eastern half of Türkiye as a subversive threat. They massacred 300,000 Armenians in 1894-1896. Armenia was a battleground between Turkish and Russian armies during World War I. Though successful against the Turks, Russian troops withdrew after the Russian Revolution in 1917. Turkish massacres of Armenians escalated; between 1915-1922 nearly 1.5 million Armenians perished in what is considered the first genocide of the twentieth century. A modern diaspora of Armenians sought refuge in Russia, the United States, and elsewhere. (for more information on the diaspora, see the article [https://www.familysearch.org/blog/en/history-armenian-diaspora/ History of the Armenian Diaspora] on the FamilySearch Blog). | ||
The defeat of the Ottoman Turks in World War I and the dissolution of the Russian Empire gave the Armenians a chance to declare independence in May 1918; but the nation could not defend its borders against the Red Army that invaded in December 1920 and reestablished Russian ascendancy. During the war between | The defeat of the Ottoman Turks in World War I and the dissolution of the Russian Empire gave the Armenians a chance to declare independence in May 1918; but the nation could not defend its borders against the Red Army that invaded in December 1920 and reestablished Russian ascendancy. During the war between Türkiye and Greece (1920-1922), Armenians sided with the Greeks and the victorious Turks wrested the districts of Kars and Ardahan from the western portion of Armenia. Russia incorporated the remainder of Armenia into the Russian Empire and thence intosome gramar the Transcaucasian Soviet Republic in 1922. It became a separate republic in 1936 and remained part of the Soviet Union until the union disintegrated in late 1991 and Armenia regained its independence. | ||
Armenia has not prospered in the recent decades. In December 1988, a massive earthquake killed 55,000 and left hundreds of thousands homeless. It damaged the country’s nuclear reactors and they had to be shut down, substantially reducing the national energy supply. Much of Armenia was denuded of trees as they were cut down for firewood during the extremely cold winter of 1992-1993. Fighting between Armenia and Azerbaijan erupted in 1992 over the Armenian enclave of Nagorno-Karabakh, entirely encompassed by Azerbaijan. Though a cease fire went into effect in 1994, the issue has not been resolved. | Armenia has not prospered in the recent decades. In December 1988, a massive earthquake killed 55,000 and left hundreds of thousands homeless. It damaged the country’s nuclear reactors and they had to be shut down, substantially reducing the national energy supply. Much of Armenia was denuded of trees as they were cut down for firewood during the extremely cold winter of 1992-1993. Fighting between Armenia and Azerbaijan erupted in 1992 over the Armenian enclave of Nagorno-Karabakh, entirely encompassed by Azerbaijan. Though a cease fire went into effect in 1994, the issue has not been resolved. | ||
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1840 – 1846 Armenian Oblast territory incorporated into the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia-Imeretia_Governorate Georgia-Imeretia Governorate] <br> | 1840 – 1846 Armenian Oblast territory incorporated into the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia-Imeretia_Governorate Georgia-Imeretia Governorate] <br> | ||
1849 – 1917 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erivan_Governorate Erivan Governorate (guberniya)] <br> | 1849 – 1917 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erivan_Governorate Erivan Governorate (guberniya)] <br> | ||
1877 – 1878 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1877%E2%80%931878) Russo-Turkish War] Russia claimed the Kars area (now located in | 1877 – 1878 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1877%E2%80%931878) Russo-Turkish War] Russia claimed the Kars area (now located in Türkiye) <br> | ||
11 November 1917 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcaucasian_Commissariat Transcaucasian Commissariat established] <br> | 11 November 1917 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcaucasian_Commissariat Transcaucasian Commissariat established] <br> | ||
22 April – 28 May 1918 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcaucasian_Democratic_Federative_Republic Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic] <br> | 22 April – 28 May 1918 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcaucasian_Democratic_Federative_Republic Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic] <br> | ||
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24 September - 2 December 1920 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Alexandropol#:~:text=On%20October%2024%2C%20Karabekir's,her%20after%20Treaty%20of%20Kars. Turkish-Armenian War]. Turks occupy Aleksandropol (Gyumri) on 7 November 1920. <br> | 24 September - 2 December 1920 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Alexandropol#:~:text=On%20October%2024%2C%20Karabekir's,her%20after%20Treaty%20of%20Kars. Turkish-Armenian War]. Turks occupy Aleksandropol (Gyumri) on 7 November 1920. <br> | ||
2 December 1920 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic Socialist Soviet Republic of Armenia formed] <br> | 2 December 1920 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic Socialist Soviet Republic of Armenia formed] <br> | ||
13 October 1921 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Kars#:~:text=Affairs%20Aleksandr%20Svanidze.-,Terms,and%20all%20three%20Transcaucasian%20republics. Treaty of Kars] -- Territory of the former Kars Oblast and Surmali uyezd of the Russian Empire is given to | 13 October 1921 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Kars#:~:text=Affairs%20Aleksandr%20Svanidze.-,Terms,and%20all%20three%20Transcaucasian%20republics. Treaty of Kars] -- Territory of the former Kars Oblast and Surmali uyezd of the Russian Empire is given to Türkiye. Turkish troops must leave area around what is now the city of Gyumri in Armenia's Shirak province. <br> | ||
12 March 1922 Armenian SSR, Azerbaijan SSR, and Georgian SSR combined to become the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcaucasian_Socialist_Federative_Soviet_Republic Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic (TSFSF)] <br> | 12 March 1922 Armenian SSR, Azerbaijan SSR, and Georgian SSR combined to become the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcaucasian_Socialist_Federative_Soviet_Republic Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic (TSFSF)] <br> | ||
5 December 1936 - Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic (TSFSF) dissolved. Armenian SSR reestablished. <br> | 5 December 1936 - Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic (TSFSF) dissolved. Armenian SSR reestablished. <br> | ||
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