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==Surnames== | ==Surnames== | ||
*In line with Dutch tradition, marriage used to require a woman to precede her maiden name with her husband's name and add a hyphen between the two. Thus, when Anna Pietersen married Jan Jansen, she became Anna Jansen-Pietersen. However, this did not become her legal name. Her legal name did not change at all. Passports, and other official documents, continued to name her Anna Pietersen, even though there might have been "spouse of Jan Jansen" added. | |||
*The particle "de" is found as a prefix to many Dutch surnames, as in for instance "de Wit", "de Bruyn" and "de Kock"; this is generally understood to mean "the" as in "the White", "the Brown" and "the Cook" in the examples. | |||
*The particle "van", meaning "of" and was originally only taken by nobles; examples include "van Gent", "van Bern" and "van den Haag", referring to "of Ghent", "of Berne" and "of the Hague", respectively. | |||
===Patronymics=== | |||
Although most people had family surnames before 1811, the use of patronymics was common, including for those with established last names. The oldest form used the possessive of the father's name along with the word for son or daughter. Examples would be a boy born to Jan being named Pieter Janszoon while his daughter might be named Geertje Jansdochter. These forms were commonly shortened, to Janszn./Jansz and Jansdr., or to Jansse, and finally to Jans which could be used for both male or female children. These patronymic names were official and even used on legal documents where inheritances can be seen to pass from father to son with different "last names". | |||
=== Name adoption records (''Naamsaanneming registers'') === | |||
Patronymic surnames were common in several provinces prior to 1811. After that all citizens were required to adopt a fixed surname. '''''Naamsaanneming registers''''' are used to determine prior naming patterns. | |||
*Record type: Assignment of surnames for patronymic families and Jews. | |||
*Time Period: 1808-1814 and 1826. | |||
*Content: Heads’ of families previous and new names, ages and/or birth dates, number or names and ages of children and grandchildren, marks or signatures. | |||
*Location: Provincial, state, city and municipal archives. | |||
*Population coverage: 60%. | |||
*Reliability: Very good.<ref name="profile">The Family History Department of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, “Family History Record Profile: The Netherlands,” Word document, private files of the FamilySearch Content Strategy Team, 1987-1998.</ref> | |||
===Surnames Historical Development=== | ===Surnames Historical Development=== | ||
*Before record keeping began, most people had only one name, such as John. | *Before record keeping began, most people had only one name, such as John. | ||
*As the population increased, it became necessary to distinguish between individuals with the same name. The problem was usually solved by adding descriptive information. John became John the smith, John the son of Matthew, John the short, or John from Amsterdam. | *As the population increased, it became necessary to distinguish between individuals with the same name. The problem was usually solved by adding descriptive information. John became John the smith, John the son of Matthew, John the short, or John from Amsterdam. | ||
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*The '''nobility and wealthy land owners''' were the first to begin using surnames. | *The '''nobility and wealthy land owners''' were the first to begin using surnames. | ||
*'''Merchants and townspeople''' then adopted the custom, as did the '''rural population'''. This process took two or three centuries. | *'''Merchants and townspeople''' then adopted the custom, as did the '''rural population'''. This process took two or three centuries. | ||
==Given Names== | ==Given Names== | ||