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Chinese Emigration and Immigration (view source)
Revision as of 12:10, 29 October 2020
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{{DISPLAYTITLE:Chinese Emigration and Immigration}} | |||
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==Online Resources== | |||
*'''1882-1888''' {{RecordSearch|3233819|United States, California, San Francisco, Records of Chinese Laborers Returning to the US, 1882-1888}} at FamilySearch - [[California, San Francisco, Registers of Chinese Laborers Returning to the U.S. - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use this Collection]]; index and images | |||
*'''1882-1947''' {{RecordSearch|3477655|California, San Francisco Chinese passenger lists, 1882-1947}} at FamilySearch - [[California, San Francisco Chinese passenger lists - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use this Collection]]; index and images | |||
*'''1882-1888''' [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/5418/ San Francisco, California, Registers of Chinese Laborers Returning to the U.S., 1882-1888] at Ancestry ($); index and images | |||
*'''1882-1903''' [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/2127/ Portland, Oregon, Chinese Immigrant Landing Records and Applications for Admission, 1882-1903] at Ancestry ($); index and images | |||
*'''1883-1923''' [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/1242/ U.S., Chinese Immigration Case Files, 1883-1923] at Ancestry ($); index and images | |||
*'''1883-1924''' {{RecordSearch|2443318|California, San Francisco, Register of Chinese Immigrant Court Cases and Foreign Seamen Tax Cards, 1883-1924}} at FamilySearch - [[California, San Francisco, Register of Chinese Immigrant Court Cases and Foreign Seamen Tax Cards - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use this Collection]]; index and images | |||
*'''1884-1940''' [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/61228/ California, Chinese Arrival Case Files Index, 1884-1950] at Ancestry ($); index | |||
*'''1893-1943''' {{RecordSearch|2427227|California, Chinese Partnerships and Departures from San Francisco, 1893-1943}} at FamilySearch - [[California, Chinese Partnerships and Departures from San Francisco - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use this Collection]]; index and images | |||
*'''1895-1989''' [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/61075/ Hawaii, Certificates of Identification for Chinese Arrivals, 1895-1898] at Ancestry ($); index and images | |||
*'''1898-1943''' [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/3307/ New York, Index to Chinese Exclusion Case Files, 1898-1943] at Ancestry ($); index | |||
*'''1900-1923''' {{RecordSearch|1888682|Pennsylvania, Philadelphia Case Files of Chinese Immigrants, 1900-1923}} at FamilySearch - [[Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Case Files of Chinese Immigrants - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use this Collection]]; images only | |||
*'''1903-1944''' [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/2033/ North Dakota and Washington, Chinese Passenger Arrivals and Disposition, 1903-1944] at Ancestry ($); index and images | |||
*'''1903-1944''' [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/3378/ California, Index to Chinese Exclusion Case Files, 1903-1944] at Ancestry ($); index | |||
*'''1903-1944''' [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/3310/ Hawaii, Index to Chinese Exclusion Case Files, 1903-1944] at Ancestry ($); index | |||
*'''1903-1947''' [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/2232/ San Francisco, California, Chinese Passenger Arrivals and Disposition, 1903-1947] at Ancestry ($); index and images | |||
*'''1905-1923''' {{RecordSearch|2443335|California, San Diego, Chinese Passenger and Crew Lists, 1905-1923}} at FamilySearch - [[California, San Diego, Chinese Passenger and Crew Lists - FamilySearch Historical Records|How to Use this Collection]]; index and images | |||
*'''1906-1912, 1929-1941''' [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/1227/ Vancouver, British Columbia, Manifests of Chinese Arrivals, 1906-1912, 1929-1941] at Ancestry ($); index and images | |||
==Emigration to America== | |||
The Chinese were the first Asian immigrants to enter the United States. The first documentation of the Chinese in the United States begins in the 18th century. These first immigrants were well and widely received by the Americans. However, they were wealthy, successful merchants, along with skilled artisans, fishermen, and hotel and restaurant owners. | The Chinese were the first Asian immigrants to enter the United States. The first documentation of the Chinese in the United States begins in the 18th century. These first immigrants were well and widely received by the Americans. However, they were wealthy, successful merchants, along with skilled artisans, fishermen, and hotel and restaurant owners. | ||
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Occupations can also direct a search for Chinese immigrants. The Chinese did not only mine for gold, but took on jobs such as cooks, peddlers, and storekeepers. In the first decade after the discovery of gold, many had taken jobs nobody else wanted. By 1880, one fifth of the Chinese immigrants were engaged in mining, another fifth in agriculture, a seventh in manufacturing, another seventh were domestic servants, and a tenth were laundry workers. | Occupations can also direct a search for Chinese immigrants. The Chinese did not only mine for gold, but took on jobs such as cooks, peddlers, and storekeepers. In the first decade after the discovery of gold, many had taken jobs nobody else wanted. By 1880, one fifth of the Chinese immigrants were engaged in mining, another fifth in agriculture, a seventh in manufacturing, another seventh were domestic servants, and a tenth were laundry workers. | ||
An estimated 30,000 Chinese worked outside of California in such trades as mining, common labor, and service trades. During the 1860s, 10,000 Chinese were involved in the building of the western leg of the Central Pacific Railroad. The work was backbreaking and highly dangerous. Over a thousand Chinese had their bones shipped back to China to be buried. See the article [[China Burial Traditions]] in this outline. | An estimated 30,000 Chinese worked outside of California in such trades as mining, common labor, and service trades. During the 1860s, 10,000 Chinese were involved in the building of the western leg of the Central Pacific Railroad (for more information/resources, see the article [[Chinese Railroad Workers]]). The work was backbreaking and highly dangerous. Over a thousand Chinese had their bones shipped back to China to be buried. See the article [[China Burial Traditions]] in this outline. | ||
As time passed, the resentment against the Chinese increased from those who could not compete with them in the workforce. Acts of violence against the Chinese continued for decades, mostly from white urban and agricultural workers. . Mob violence steadily increased against the Chinese until even employers were at risk. Eventually, laws such as the Naturalization Act of 1870 and the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 restricted immigration of Chinese immigrants into the United States. | As time passed, the resentment against the Chinese increased from those who could not compete with them in the workforce. Acts of violence against the Chinese continued for decades, mostly from white urban and agricultural workers. . Mob violence steadily increased against the Chinese until even employers were at risk. Eventually, laws such as the Naturalization Act of 1870 and the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 restricted immigration of Chinese immigrants into the United States. | ||
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As decades passed, the situation of the Chinese in America improved. Such events as the Chinatowns being able to turn from crime and drug ridden slums to quiet, colorful tourist attractions; well-behaved and conscientious Chinese school children begin welcomed by public school teachers; and China becoming allies with the United States during World War II, all paved the way for the repeal of the Chinese Exclusion Act. As immigration from China resumed, mostly female immigrants came, many who were wives of Chinese men already in America. Many couples were reunited after decades apart.<br> | As decades passed, the situation of the Chinese in America improved. Such events as the Chinatowns being able to turn from crime and drug ridden slums to quiet, colorful tourist attractions; well-behaved and conscientious Chinese school children begin welcomed by public school teachers; and China becoming allies with the United States during World War II, all paved the way for the repeal of the Chinese Exclusion Act. As immigration from China resumed, mostly female immigrants came, many who were wives of Chinese men already in America. Many couples were reunited after decades apart.<br> | ||
[[Category:China Emigration and Immigration]][[Category:Chinese Genealogy]] | [[Category:China Emigration and Immigration]][[Category:Chinese Genealogy]] | ||