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=== Historical Background === | === Historical Background === | ||
The American Indians developed a network of eastern trade and warrior trails stretching from the Great Lakes to the Gulf Coast. One of these trails, the Great Warrior Path from New York to the Carolinas also served as the western boundary of British settlement until 1744. In that year a new treaty gave control of the east side of the trail to European colonists in Virginia. This opened the way for the trail to | The American Indians developed a network of eastern trade and warrior trails stretching from the Great Lakes to the Gulf Coast. One of these trails, the Great Warrior Path from New York to the Carolinas, also served as the western boundary of British settlement until 1744. In that year a new treaty gave control of the east side of the trail to European colonists in Virginia. This opened the way for the trail to evolve into one of the most important roads for settlers in Colonial America.<ref name="DollarM">William Dollarhide, ''[http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/38096564 Map Guide to American Migration Routes 1735-1815]'' (Bountiful, Utah: Heritage Quest, 1997)[[{{DollarhideMigration}}]], 5.</ref> | ||
The [[Wilderness Road]] into Kentucky branched off the Great Valley Road in southwest Virginia. | After 1744, the Great Valley Road was most heavily used by Ulster-Irish immigrants called Scots-Irish in America to spread through most of Appalachia bringing their [[United States Church Records#Presbyterian|Presbyterian]] religion. Pennsylvania Germans also used the trail to spread into the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia. The first settlements in Tennessee were associated with the end of the trail in that region. | ||
The [[Wilderness Road]] opened in 1775 into Kentucky branched off the Great Valley Road in southwest Virginia at Bristol (Sapling Grove).<ref>Dollarhide, 12-13.</ref> | |||
=== Route === | === Route === | ||
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(Northeast to Southwest) | (Northeast to Southwest) | ||
*Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania | *Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (often called the Philadelphia Wagon Road through Pennsylvania) | ||
*Lancaster, Lancaster, Pennsylvania | *Lancaster, Lancaster, Pennsylvania | ||
*Gettysburg, Adams, Pennsylvania | *Gettysburg, Adams, Pennsylvania | ||
*Hagerstown, Washington, Maryland (crosses [[Cumberland Road|Cumberland Road]]) | *Hagerstown, Washington, Maryland (crosses [[Cumberland Road|Cumberland Road]]) | ||
*Winchester, Frederick, Virginia ([[Pioneer Road|Pioneer Road from]] Alexandria | *Winchester, Frederick, Virginia ([[Pioneer Road|Pioneer Road from]] Alexandria joined here) | ||
*Staunton, Augusta, Virginia (start of [[Kanawah Trail|Kanawah Trail]] to West Virginia) | *Staunton, Augusta, Virginia (start of [[Kanawah Trail|Kanawah Trail]] to West Virginia) | ||
*Roanoke, Roanoke, Virginia (trail forks toward Knoxville and Augusta) | *Roanoke, Roanoke, Virginia (trail forks toward Knoxville and Augusta) | ||
(Western fork) | |||
*Bristol, Washinton, Virginia (start of [[Wilderness Road|Wilderness Road]] to Boonesborough | *Bristol, Washinton, Virginia (start of [[Wilderness Road|Wilderness Road]] to Boonesborough | ||
*Jonesboro, Washington, Tennessee | *Jonesboro, Washington, Tennessee | ||
*Knoxville, Knox, Tennessee (connects with Avery's Trace to Nashville, and Georgia Road to Athens) | *Knoxville, Knox, Tennessee (connects with Avery's Trace to Nashville, and the Georgia Road to Athens) | ||
(Southern fork) | |||
*Martinsville, Henry, Virginia (on south fork of the Great Valley Road) | *Martinsville, Henry, Virginia (on south fork of the Great Valley Road) | ||