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{{Mexico-sidebar}}{{breadcrumb | {{Mexico-sidebar}} | ||
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| link1=[[Mexico Genealogy|Mexico]] | | link1=[[Mexico Genealogy|Mexico]] | ||
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Other emigration sources include records of permission to emigrate, passenger lists, and immigrant arrivals. The information in these records may include the emigrants’ name, age, occupation, destination, and country of origin. | Other emigration sources include records of permission to emigrate, passenger lists, and immigrant arrivals. The information in these records may include the emigrants’ name, age, occupation, destination, and country of origin. | ||
=== Records of the Colonial Period (1492–1810) | ===Records of the Colonial Period (1492–1810)=== | ||
The Archivo General de Indias in Seville, Spain, is the repository for Spanish documents dealing with the Spanish colonial period in the Americas. These documents often include the birthplace of each individual on record. You may want to look for your ancestor’s records in the following sections of the archive: | The Archivo General de Indias in Seville, Spain, is the repository for Spanish documents dealing with the Spanish colonial period in the Americas. These documents often include the birthplace of each individual on record. You may want to look for your ancestor’s records in the following sections of the archive: | ||
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*Informaciones de Méritos y Servicios de los Descubridores/Conquistadores (Information on Merits and Services of the Discoverers and Conquerors). Documents of the ships and passengers who sailed to the colonies during the early 1500s. | *Informaciones de Méritos y Servicios de los Descubridores/Conquistadores (Information on Merits and Services of the Discoverers and Conquerors). Documents of the ships and passengers who sailed to the colonies during the early 1500s. | ||
*Casa de Contratación de las Indias (House of Contracts of the Indies). Excellent documentation of passenger lists for ships sailing to the American colonies between 1509 and 1701, as well as petitions and licenses for permission to emigrate from 1534 to 1790. | *Casa de Contratación de las Indias (House of Contracts of the Indies). Excellent documentation of passenger lists for ships sailing to the American colonies between 1509 and 1701, as well as petitions and licenses for permission to emigrate from 1534 to 1790. | ||
*A digital index of ''Casa de Contratación de las Indias ''records as well as linked digital images are available online through [[Archivos Españoles en Red]] at http://pares.culturaydeporte.gob.es/inicio.html | *A digital index of ''Casa de Contratación de las Indias ''records as well as linked digital images are available online through [[Archivos Españoles en Red]] at http://pares.culturaydeporte.gob.es/inicio.html | ||
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*''Catálogo de Pasajeros a las Indias Durante los Siglos XVI, XVII Y XVIII'' (Catalog of Passengers to the Indies during the XVI, XVII and XVIII Centuries). Sevilla: S.N., 1940–. (FHL book 946 W2sa; microfilms 0277577–0277578.) | *''Catálogo de Pasajeros a las Indias Durante los Siglos XVI, XVII Y XVIII'' (Catalog of Passengers to the Indies during the XVI, XVII and XVIII Centuries). Sevilla: S.N., 1940–. (FHL book 946 W2sa; microfilms 0277577–0277578.) | ||
=== Mexico | ===Mexico=== | ||
European immigration to Mexico started with Hernán Cortez in 1521. Many Spaniards, looking for new opportunities and a better life, came to settle the new land. Indian villages, towns, and cities were overtaken or replaced by the Spanish. During the colonial period the kings of Spain tried, through legislation, to keep foreigners away from Mexico and their other American colonies. Even though laws were in place to minimize foreign immigration, some immigration by the other European countries did take place. | European immigration to Mexico started with Hernán Cortez in 1521. Many Spaniards, looking for new opportunities and a better life, came to settle the new land. Indian villages, towns, and cities were overtaken or replaced by the Spanish. During the colonial period the kings of Spain tried, through legislation, to keep foreigners away from Mexico and their other American colonies. Even though laws were in place to minimize foreign immigration, some immigration by the other European countries did take place. | ||
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Emigration and immigration sources list the names of people leaving or entering Mexico. These lists are usually found as passenger lists and records of passports issued. The information in these records may include the emigrant’s name, age, occupation, destination, and place of residence or birthplace. | Emigration and immigration sources list the names of people leaving or entering Mexico. These lists are usually found as passenger lists and records of passports issued. The information in these records may include the emigrant’s name, age, occupation, destination, and place of residence or birthplace. | ||
=== Finding an Emigrant’s Town of Origin | ===Finding an Emigrant’s Town of Origin=== | ||
Once you have traced your family back to your immigrant ancestor, you must determine the city or town from which the ancestor came. Most birth, marriage, and death records were kept on a local level. | Once you have traced your family back to your immigrant ancestor, you must determine the city or town from which the ancestor came. Most birth, marriage, and death records were kept on a local level. | ||
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Although there are few emigration records for Mexico, church and civil records may give you the ancestor’s place of origin. | Although there are few emigration records for Mexico, church and civil records may give you the ancestor’s place of origin. | ||
=== Emigration From Mexico | ===Emigration From Mexico=== | ||
The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848 and the Gadsden Purchase of 1853 set the boundaries between United States and Mexico. Since that period there has been a continual emigration from Mexico into the United States. With the beginning of the Civil War, the need for laborers was felt by the southern plantations. As the slaves were freed, Mexican laborers began to do the work previously done by them. There were neither regulations nor border patrols until the late 1890s. | The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848 and the Gadsden Purchase of 1853 set the boundaries between United States and Mexico. Since that period there has been a continual emigration from Mexico into the United States. With the beginning of the Civil War, the need for laborers was felt by the southern plantations. As the slaves were freed, Mexican laborers began to do the work previously done by them. There were neither regulations nor border patrols until the late 1890s. | ||
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[http://www.archives.gov/research/immigration/ The National Archives] | [http://www.archives.gov/research/immigration/ The National Archives] | ||
=== Online Records | ===Online Records=== | ||
Border Crossing records are indexed and available at FamilySearch.org.<br> | Border Crossing records are indexed and available at FamilySearch.org.<br> | ||
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'''The short forms usually contain the following information: ''' | '''The short forms usually contain the following information: ''' | ||
*Name | *Name | ||
*Age | *Age | ||
*Sex | *Sex | ||
*Citizenship ("nationality") | *Citizenship ("nationality") | ||
*Race Last place of residence | *Race Last place of residence | ||
*Destination | *Destination | ||
*Port and date of admission | *Port and date of admission | ||
*Status as immigrant or non immigrant. | *Status as immigrant or non immigrant. | ||
The number annotated to the right of the person's name or gender is generally the "real" manifest number that is used, along with the date of arrival, to locate the person's statistical manifest--which contains additional information--in a separate series of card manifests. Sometimes, information was simply typewritten onto a blank card instead of a form. | The number annotated to the right of the person's name or gender is generally the "real" manifest number that is used, along with the date of arrival, to locate the person's statistical manifest--which contains additional information--in a separate series of card manifests. Sometimes, information was simply typewritten onto a blank card instead of a form. | ||
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'''The manifest usually contains the following information: ''' | '''The manifest usually contains the following information: ''' | ||
*Name | *Name | ||
*Age | *Age | ||
*Marital status | *Marital status | ||
*Place of birth | *Place of birth | ||
*Physical description | *Physical description | ||
*Occupation | *Occupation | ||
*Ability to read and write and in what language | *Ability to read and write and in what language | ||
*Place of last permanent residence | *Place of last permanent residence | ||
*Destination | *Destination | ||
*Purpose for entering U.S. | *Purpose for entering U.S. | ||
*Intention of becoming a U.S. citizen or of returning to the country of previous residence | *Intention of becoming a U.S. citizen or of returning to the country of previous residence | ||
*Head tax status | *Head tax status | ||
*Previous citizenship | *Previous citizenship | ||
*Name and address of the friend or relative whom the alien intended to join | *Name and address of the friend or relative whom the alien intended to join | ||
*Persons accompanying the alien | *Persons accompanying the alien | ||
*Name and address of the alien's nearest relative or friend in the country from which he or she came | *Name and address of the alien's nearest relative or friend in the country from which he or she came | ||
*If the alien had ever been in the U.S. in the past, the dates and places of such residence or visitation are indicated. | *If the alien had ever been in the U.S. in the past, the dates and places of such residence or visitation are indicated. | ||
=== Immigration Into Mexico | '''[http://pares.mcu.es/MovimientosMigratorios/lang.form?lang=es Movimientos Migratorios Iberoamericanos]''' | ||
This site has gathered information about immigrants from throughout Latin America. It contains mostly information about immigrants from the 19th and 20th century. Information is available in both Spanish and English. The site is sponsored by the Spanish government. | |||
[http://www.emigrantelibanes.com/ '''Emigrante Libanés'''] | |||
Contains a database for Lebanese emigrants who sent to Mexico. Includes registration cards and some photos. | |||
===Immigration Into Mexico=== | |||
After Mexico gained independence, small numbers of immigrants moved to Mexico at the encouragement of the government. Most arrived at the major port of Veracruz or crossed the United States’ border, some after arriving in Galveston. Of those who came, the largest groups were those seeking the freedom to practice their religion. Among them were the Mennonites and members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. | After Mexico gained independence, small numbers of immigrants moved to Mexico at the encouragement of the government. Most arrived at the major port of Veracruz or crossed the United States’ border, some after arriving in Galveston. Of those who came, the largest groups were those seeking the freedom to practice their religion. Among them were the Mennonites and members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. | ||
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{{Place|Mexico}} | {{Place|Mexico}} | ||
[[es:Emigración e inmigración de México]] | [[es:Emigración e inmigración de México]] | ||
[[Category:Mexico Emigration and Immigration]] [[Category:Mexicans]] | [[Category:Mexico Emigration and Immigration]] | ||
[[Category:Mexicans]] | |||