Czech Genealogical Word List: Difference between revisions

== Genealogical Word List<br /> ==

This list contains Czech words with their English translations. The words included here are those that you are likely to find in genealogical sources. If the word (or some form of it) that you are looking for is not on this list, please consult a Czech-English dictionary. (See the "Additional Resources" section.) Czech is a Slavic language derived from the West Slavic language family. Czech is related to Slovak and Polish and is used in the genealogical sources throughout the Czech Republic. Czech is the language of the Czech Republic and was the official language in the Czech lands of Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia in the former Czechoslovakia. In addition, the Czech language may be found in the records of Czech communities in the United States, Canada, and other areas settled by Czechs. Before 1918, the Czech lands were provinces of Austria, which, together with Hungary, constituted the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Records written before 1918 may be in German, Latin, or Czech. Czech records often contain German and Latin words. See the ''German Genealogical Word List ''and the ''Latin Genealogical Word List.''

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">Á</span></span></center>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">á</span></span></center>

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<center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span><span></span></center>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">a</span></span></center>

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<span class="tiny2"><span>  sound in  f<u>a</u>ther</span></span>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">B</span></span></center>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">b</span></span></center>

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<center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span><span></span></center>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">b</span></span></center>

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<span class="tiny2"><span>  sound in  <u>b</u>ack</span></span>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">C</span></span></center>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">c</span></span></center>

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<center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span><span></span></center>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">ts</span></span></center>

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<span class="tiny2"><span>  sound in  bi<u>ts</u></span></span>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">Č</span></span></center>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">č</span></span></center>

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<center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span><span></span></center>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">ch</span></span></center>

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<span class="tiny2"><span>  sound in  <u>ch</u>at</span></span>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">D</span></span></center>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">d</span></span></center>

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<center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span><span></span></center>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">d</span></span></center>

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<span class="tiny2"><span>  sound in  <u>d</u>og</span></span>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">Ď</span></span></center>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">ď</span></span></center>

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<center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span><span></span></center>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">g</span></span></center>

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<span class="tiny2"><span>  sound in  <u>g</u>inger</span></span>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">E</span></span></center>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">e</span></span></center>

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<center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span><span></span></center>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">e</span></span></center>

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<span class="tiny2"><span>  sound in  l<u>e</u>d</span></span>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">É</span></span></center>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">é</span></span></center>

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<center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span><span></span></center>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">ea</span></span></center>

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<span class="tiny2"><span>  sound in  w<u>ea</u>r</span></span>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">Ě</span></span></center>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">ě</span></span></center>

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<center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span><span></span></center>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">ye</span></span></center>

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<span class="tiny2"><span>  sound in  <u>ye</u>s</span></span>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">F</span></span></center>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">f</span></span></center>

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<center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span><span></span></center>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">f</span></span></center>

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<span class="tiny2"><span>  sound in  <u>f</u>ast</span></span>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">G</span></span></center>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">g</span></span></center>

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<center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span><span></span></center>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">g</span></span></center>

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<span class="tiny2"><span>  sound in  <u>g</u>as</span></span>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">H</span></span></center>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">h</span></span></center>

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<center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span><span></span></center>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">h</span></span></center>

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<span class="tiny2"><span>  sound in  <u>h</u>elp</span></span>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">CH</span></span></center>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">ch</span></span></center>

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<center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span><span></span></center>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">ch</span></span></center>

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<span class="tiny2"><span>  sound in  lo<u>ch</u> </span></span><span class="tiny2"><span>  (aspirated)</span></span><span></span>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">I</span></span></center>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">i</span></span></center>

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<center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span><span></span></center>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">i</span></span></center>

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<span class="tiny2"><span>  sound in  s<u>i</u>t</span></span>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">Í</span></span></center>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">í</span></span></center>

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<center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span><span></span></center>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">ee</span></span></center>

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<span class="tiny2"><span>  sound in  b<u>ee</u></span></span>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">J</span></span></center>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">j</span></span></center>

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<center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span><span></span></center>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">y</span></span></center>

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<span class="tiny2"><span>  sound in  <u>y</u>outh</span></span>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">K</span></span></center>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">k</span></span></center>

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<center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span><span></span></center>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">k</span></span></center>

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<span class="tiny2"><span>  sound in  <u>k</u>iss</span></span>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">L</span></span></center>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">l</span></span></center>

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<center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span><span></span></center>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">l</span></span></center>

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<span class="tiny2"><span>  sound in  <u>l</u>and</span></span>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">M</span></span></center>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">m</span></span></center>

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<center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span><span></span></center>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">m</span></span></center>

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<span class="tiny2"><span>  sound in  <u>m</u>an</span></span>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">N</span></span></center>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">n</span></span></center>

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<center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span><span></span></center>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">n</span></span></center>

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<span class="tiny2"><span>  sound in  </span></span><span><u>n</u>ew</span>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">Ň</span></span></center>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">ň</span></span></center>

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<center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span><span></span></center>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">ny</span></span></center>

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<span class="tiny2"><span>  sound in  ca<u>ny</u>on</span></span>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">O</span></span></center>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">o</span></span></center>

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<center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span><span></span></center>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">o</span></span></center>

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<span class="tiny2"><span>  sound in  </span></span><span>h<u>o</u>me</span>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">Ó</span></span></center>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">ó</span></span></center>

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<center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span><span></span></center>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">oa</span></span></center>

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<span class="tiny2"><span>  sound in </span></span><span> b<u>oa</u>t</span>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">P</span></span></center>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">p</span></span></center>

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<center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span><span></span></center>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">p</span></span></center>

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<span class="tiny2"><span>  sound in  </span></span><span><u>p</u>eak</span>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">R</span></span></center>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">r</span></span></center>

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<center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span><span></span></center>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">r</span></span></center>

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<span class="tiny2"><span>  sound in  </span></span><span><u>r</u>an <span class="tiny2">  (often rolled)</span></span>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">Ř</span></span></center>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">ř</span></span></center>

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<center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span><span></span></center>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">rsh</span></span></center>

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<span class="tiny2"><span>  sound like  </span></span><span>'s'<span class="tiny2"> in ma<u>rsh</u></span></span>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">S</span></span></center>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">s</span></span></center>

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<center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span><span></span></center>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">s</span></span></center>

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<span class="tiny2"><span>  sound in  </span></span><span><u>s</u>un</span>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">Š</span></span></center>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">š</span></span></center>

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<center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span><span></span></center>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">sh</span></span></center>

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<span class="tiny2"><span>  sound in  </span></span><span><u>sh</u>oe</span>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">T</span></span></center>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">t</span></span></center>

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<center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span><span></span></center>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">t</span></span></center>

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<span class="tiny2"><span>  sound in  </span></span><span><u>t</u>op</span>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">Ť</span></span></center>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">ť</span></span></center>

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<center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span><span></span></center>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">ty</span></span></center>

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<span class="tiny2"><span>  sound like  </span></span><span>'t'<span class="tiny2">  in </span> <u>t</u>une</span>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">U</span></span></center>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">u</span></span></center>

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<center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span><span></span></center>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">u</span></span></center>

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<span class="tiny2"><span>  sound in  </span></span><span>p<u>u</u>t</span>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">Ú</span></span></center>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">ú</span></span></center>

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<center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span><span></span></center>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">oo</span></span></center>

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<span class="tiny2"><span>  sound in  </span></span><span>p<u>oo</u>l</span>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">Ů</span></span></center>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">ů</span></span></center>

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<center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span><span></span></center>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">oo</span></span></center>

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<span class="tiny2"><span>  sound in  </span></span><span>p<u>oo</u>l</span>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">V</span></span></center>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">v</span></span></center>

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<center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span><span></span></center>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">v</span></span></center>

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<span class="tiny2"><span>  sound in  </span></span><span><u>v</u>an</span>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">Y</span></span></center>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">y</span></span></center>

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<center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span><span></span></center>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">i</span></span></center>

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<span class="tiny2"><span>  sound in  </span></span><span>b<u>i</u>t</span>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">Ý</span></span></center>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">ý</span></span></center>

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<center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span><span></span></center>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">ee</span></span></center>

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<span class="tiny2"><span>  sound in  </span></span><span>b<u>ee</u></span>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">Z</span></span></center>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">z</span></span></center>

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<center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span><span></span></center>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">z</span></span></center>

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<span class="tiny2"><span>  sound in  </span></span><span><u>z</u>oo</span>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">Ž</span></span></center>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">ž</span></span></center>

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<center><span class="tiny2"><span><nowiki>:</nowiki></span></span><span></span></center>

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<center><span><span class="visualHighlight">zh</span></span></center>

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<span class="tiny2"><span>  sound like  </span></span><span>'s'<span class="tiny2"> in m</span>ea<u>s</u>ure</span>

| colspan="4" |

<span><span class="visualHighlight"> <span> </span>Qq, Ww, Xx</span></span>

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<span class="tiny2"><span>  are used in foreign words only</span></span><span></span>

NOTE:  the letter combination “CH" is treated as a single character and is alphabetized after the letter “H”<span class="visualHighlight"></span>

In Czech, the forms of most words will vary according to how they are used in a sentence. ''Who, whose, whom'', or ''marry, marries, married ''are examples of words in English with variant forms. In Czech, any word may have different forms, depending on how it is used. This word list gives the standard form of each Czech word. The endings of Czech words in a document often differ from what you find in this list.

'''''Surnames.''''' Surnames will have the added ending ''-ová ''or ''-á ''if the person referred to is female:

'''''Gender. '''''Czech words for persons, places, and things (nouns) are classified as masculine, feminine, or neuter. Adjectives used to describe the singular and plural forms of Czech words must have the proper masculine, feminine, or neuter endings:

This word list gives only the singular masculine form of adjectives. Thus, ''starý, stará, staré, ''and ''sta''_''í ''(all forms of “old”) are listed as ''starý. ''The endings of past tense verbs also change, depending on the gender and number of the subject:

This word list gives only the ''narodil se ''(“he was born”) form of the past tense verb. You can conclude that ''narodila se ''means “she was born,” etc.

'''''Plurals. '''''Plural forms of Czech words usually change the singular word:

Words ending in ''-a ''change to ''-y:''

* ''žena ''wife ''ž''''eny ''wives

Words ending in ''-o ''change to ''-a:''

* ''m''''ě''''sto ''city ''m''''ě''''sta ''cities

Words ending in ''-e ''and ''-í ''do not change:

* ''ulice ''street ''ulice ''streets

Words ending in a consonant add ''-y. ''A few words add ''-i, -ové, ''or ''-e ''to form the plural:

* ''list ''page ''listy ''pages

* ''mu''ž husband ''muž''''i ''husbands

* ''dít''ě child ''d''''ě''''ti ''children

* ''bratr ''brother ''brat''_''i ''brothers

* ''zámek ''palace ''zámky ''palaces

'''''Grammatical Use. '''''The endings of Czech words can also vary, depending on the grammatical use of the words. Czech grammar requires a different ending for a word used as a subject, a possessive, an object, or with a preposition. Czech words fall into several classes, each with its own set of grammatical endings. Certain possessive endings give the meaning “of” to a word. Nouns change the endings to show possession. Nouns ending with a consonant add ''-a ''or -e:

''''

* ''bratr ''brother ''bratra ''of brother

* ''mu''ž husband ''muž''''e ''of husband

Nouns ending with ''-a ''add ''-y:''

* ''sestra ''sister ''sestry ''of sister

Nouns ending with ''-o ''add ''-a:''

* ''m''''ě''''sto ''city ''m''''ě''''sta ''of city

* ''muž''''i ''husband ''mu''ž_ of husbands

* ''ženy ''wife ''ž''''en ''of wives

Adjectives change the endings to show possession. Adjectives ending in ''-ý ''change to ''-ého:''

* ''narozený ''born ''narozeného ''of the born

Adjectives ending in ''-á ''change to ''-é:''

* ''k''_''t''_''ná ''baptized ''k''_''t''_''né ''of the baptized

Adjectives ending in ''-é ''change to ''-ého:''

* ''neznámé ''unknown ''neznámého ''of the unknown

Adjectives ending in ''-í ''change to ''-ího:''

* ''první ''first ''prvního ''of the first

Plural adjectives ending in ''-ý ''or ''-í ''add -''ch:''

* ''zem''_''elý ''deceased ''zem''_''elých ''of the deceased

* ''erbovní ''heraldic ''erbovních ''of the heraldic

* ''Syn zem''_''elého Josefa Nováka a Anny Plevové ''means “son of the deceased Josef Novák and of Anna Plevová (Pleva).”

* ''Manž''''elství mezi Karlem Václavem Havlem a Barborou Marií Kozárovou ''means “marriage between Karel Václav Havel and Barbora Marie Kozárová (Kozár).”

é, ě, í, _, ó, _, š, _, ú, _, ý, ž. The letter combination ''ch ''is also considered a single letter and is alphabetized after ''h''. Letters ''q, w, ''and ''x ''are used only in words of foreign origin. Czech dictionaries and indexes use the following alphabetical order:

* ''i'', ''y, ''and ''j ''used interchangeably

* ''s ''and ''z ''used interchangeably

* ''w ''used for ''v''

* ''rz ''used for _

* ''sz ''used for ''š''

* ''cz ''used for _

* Poldauf, Ivan. ''Anglicko-''_''eský a ''_''esko-anglický slovník ''(English-Czech and Czech-English Dictionary). Praha: Státní Pedagogické

* Cheshire, Harold T.  ''esko-anglický slovník ''(Czech-English Dictionary). Praha: J. Otto, 1935. (FHL book 491.86321 C424c; film

'''C, '''_

'''D, '''_

'''R, '''_

'''T, '''_

'''Z, '''_

* ''padesát dva ''[on the twenty-eighth of August one thousand eight hundred fifty and two (28 August 1852)]

| ráno <br />

| in the morning <br />

| dopoledne <br />

| forenoon <br />

| poledne / v poledne <br />

| noon <br />

| odpoledne <br />

| afternoon <br />

| ve_er <br />

| in the evening <br />

| v noci  <br />

| at night <br />

| p_lnoc / o p_lnoci <br />

| midnight <br />

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|