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Emigration records are about people leaving a country. Immigration records are about people entering a country. Records of emigration and immigration include passenger lists, permissions to emigrate, records of passports issued, lists of transported prisoners, and registers of assistance to emigrate. These records may contain the name, age, occupation, destination, place of origin or birthplace, date of departure, and date and ship of arrival of the person immigrating or emigrating. Names of fellow passengers may suggest familial relationships or provide hints about a passenger's place of origin or destination. | Emigration records are about people leaving a country. Immigration records are about people entering a country. Records of emigration and immigration include passenger lists, permissions to emigrate, records of passports issued, lists of transported prisoners, and registers of assistance to emigrate. These records may contain the name, age, occupation, destination, place of origin or birthplace, date of departure, and date and ship of arrival of the person immigrating or emigrating. Names of fellow passengers may suggest familial relationships or provide hints about a passenger's place of origin or destination. | ||
No records are required for movements within the British Isles countries (England, Scotland, Ireland, Wales, Isle of Man, and Channel Islands). Records were not required for free emigrants to the United States until 1773, to Canada until 1865, or to Australia, New Zealand, the British West Indies, or South Africa until the twentieth century. No countrywide, official record was kept for people leaving Ireland.<br> | No records are required for movements within the British Isles countries (England, Scotland, Ireland, Wales, Isle of Man, and Channel Islands). Records were not required for free emigrants to the United States until 1773, to Canada until 1865, or to Australia, New Zealand, the British West Indies, or South Africa until the twentieth century. No countrywide, official record was kept for people leaving Ireland.<br> | ||
== Where Did My Ancestors Come From? == | == Where Did My Ancestors Come From? == | ||
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Are you looking for an ancestor who came from Ireland? Do you know a specific place, or only a county? Many people have information that one or more of their ancestors came from Ireland but they don't know where. Start with step 1. Click on a locality to learn more. | Are you looking for an ancestor who came from Ireland? Do you know a specific place, or only a county? Many people have information that one or more of their ancestors came from Ireland but they don't know where. Start with step 1. Click on a locality to learn more. | ||
=== Step 1: Search records in the country where your ancestors settled<br> | === Step 1: Search records in the country where your ancestors settled<br> === | ||
Here are reasons why you should search records in the country where your ancestors settled: | Here are reasons why you should search records in the country where your ancestors settled: | ||
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Records in the country to where your ancestors emigrated can provide clues about where they lived in Ireland. To learn about these records, click on a country where they settled. | Records in the country to where your ancestors emigrated can provide clues about where they lived in Ireland. To learn about these records, click on a country where they settled. | ||
{| | {| class="FCK__ShowTableBorders" style="width: 538px; height: 132px" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" | ||
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| [[Finding an Irish Ancestor Using Australian Records|Australia]] | | [[Finding an Irish Ancestor Using Australian Records|Australia]] | ||
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=== Step 2: Search the records in Ireland<br> | === Step 2: Search the records in Ireland<br> === | ||
Before 1864, few Irish records index the entire population. Here are some that are indexes. <br> | Before 1864, few Irish records index the entire population. Here are some that are indexes. <br> | ||
*[[Ireland Taxation|Griffith's Valuation, 1848-1860]] | *[[Ireland Taxation|Griffith's Valuation, 1848-1860]] | ||
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== Reasons Irish Emigrated == | == Reasons Irish Emigrated == | ||
The Irish in history had many reasons for leaving Ireland. As well many among those remaining in Ireland ''would'' have emigrated but were unable to, due to the abject poverty and resultant ill-health and impoverishment. Thus, many who did embark were in such sickened and critically weakened condition that death followed many while traversing the high seas to their new world home. | [[Ireland|[[Image:Emigrants_leave_Ireland.jpg|thumb|right|200x300px|Emigrants leave Ireland]]]]The Irish in history had many reasons for leaving Ireland. As well many among those remaining in Ireland ''would'' have emigrated but were unable to, due to the abject poverty and resultant ill-health and impoverishment. Thus, many who did embark were in such sickened and critically weakened condition that death followed many while traversing the high seas to their new world home. | ||
Generally, the Irishman's reasons for emigrating--if not compelled to do so, to countries abroad were due to an intolerable convergence of circumstances including, but not limited to: | Generally, the Irishman's reasons for emigrating--if not compelled to do so, to countries abroad were due to an intolerable convergence of circumstances including, but not limited to: | ||
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== Emigration from Ireland == | == Emigration from Ireland == | ||
[[Image:Voyage of the Catalpa.jpg|thumb|right| | [[Image:Voyage of the Catalpa.jpg|thumb|right|278x234px]]Emigration from Ireland began as early as 1603, when people immigrated to areas such as continental Europe, the islands of the Caribbean, the British colonies, and other parts of the British Isles. Emigration increased during periods of civil or religious unrest or famine in Ireland as well as during various gold rushes in Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, and the United States. The period of greatest emigration began around 1780 and reached its peak from 1845 to 1855, when between one and two million people left Ireland because of the potato famine. The following categories of emigrants account for most people who emigrated from Ireland: | ||
*'''Free emigrants.''' Starting in the seventeenth century, emigrants left Ireland to seek opportunity in a new land; to flee religious persecution, poverty, or oppression; and to seek political asylum following rebellion in Ireland. | *'''Free emigrants.''' Starting in the seventeenth century, emigrants left Ireland to seek opportunity in a new land; to flee religious persecution, poverty, or oppression; and to seek political asylum following rebellion in Ireland. | ||
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Many immigration records are held in repositories, usually in the destination country. The immigration records that are available at the Family History Library are generally listed in the Place Search of the catalog under: | Many immigration records are held in repositories, usually in the destination country. The immigration records that are available at the Family History Library are generally listed in the Place Search of the catalog under: | ||
[DESTINATION COUNTRY] - EMIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION <br> | [DESTINATION COUNTRY] - EMIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION <br> | ||
'''United States'''. <br> | '''United States'''. <br> | ||
Immigrant lists from the various ports of entry provide the most information on Irish immigrants to the United States. While several ports of entry existed, the majority of Irish immigrants came through New York. The following published lists and indexes of information on Irish immigrants to America are found in the Family History Library's US/Canada collection: | Immigrant lists from the various ports of entry provide the most information on Irish immigrants to the United States. While several ports of entry existed, the majority of Irish immigrants came through New York. The following published lists and indexes of information on Irish immigrants to America are found in the Family History Library's US/Canada collection: | ||
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To find United States emigration and immigration records at the Family History Library, look in the Place Search of the catalog under: | To find United States emigration and immigration records at the Family History Library, look in the Place Search of the catalog under: | ||
UNITED STATES - EMIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION <br> | UNITED STATES - EMIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION <br> | ||
'''Canada'''.<br> | '''Canada'''.<br> | ||
From 1815 to 1850, Canada was the primary destination of Irish emigrants. Until 1900, the major ports of immigrant arrivals were Quebec City and Halifax. After 1900, arrivals were more widespread. Canadian passenger lists are rare before 1865. Those from 1865 to 1900 are available at the Family History Library. Indexed Passenger lists from 1890-1960 are available at [http://www.findmypast.co.uk/migration.jsp www.findmypast.com]. | From 1815 to 1850, Canada was the primary destination of Irish emigrants. Until 1900, the major ports of immigrant arrivals were Quebec City and Halifax. After 1900, arrivals were more widespread. Canadian passenger lists are rare before 1865. Those from 1865 to 1900 are available at the Family History Library. Indexed Passenger lists from 1890-1960 are available at [http://www.findmypast.co.uk/migration.jsp www.findmypast.com]. | ||
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Starting in 1788, thousands of convicts were sent to Australia. They were first sent to Tasmania and New South Wales. Along with the convicts were those who supervised the prison system and their families. By the early 1800s, many more free and assisted emigrants were arrived in various states. Learn more about Australia emigration and immigration by [[Finding an Irish Ancestor Using Australian Records|clicking here.]] | Starting in 1788, thousands of convicts were sent to Australia. They were first sent to Tasmania and New South Wales. Along with the convicts were those who supervised the prison system and their families. By the early 1800s, many more free and assisted emigrants were arrived in various states. Learn more about Australia emigration and immigration by [[Finding an Irish Ancestor Using Australian Records|clicking here.]] | ||
'''New Zealand''' <br> In 1840 the British began colonizing New Zealand. Most immigrants to New Zealand received some form of assistance either from the New Zealand Company or from a government or church association set up to encourage immigration. Besides the age, origin, and occupation, New Zealand immigration records usually include additional details such as the wife's and children's names and ages and details of settlement. Many New Zealand immigration records are available at the Family History Library and are listed in the Place Search of the catalog under: | '''New Zealand''' <br>In 1840 the British began colonizing New Zealand. Most immigrants to New Zealand received some form of assistance either from the New Zealand Company or from a government or church association set up to encourage immigration. Besides the age, origin, and occupation, New Zealand immigration records usually include additional details such as the wife's and children's names and ages and details of settlement. Many New Zealand immigration records are available at the Family History Library and are listed in the Place Search of the catalog under: | ||
NEW ZEALAND, [PROVINCE] - EMIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION RECORDS<br> | NEW ZEALAND, [PROVINCE] - EMIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION RECORDS<br> | ||
== British Records of Irish Emigration == | == British Records of Irish Emigration == | ||
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*Smith, Frank''. Smith's Inventory of Genealogical Sources: Ireland''. (Family History Library [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titlehitlist&columns=*%2C0%2C0&callno=941.5+D23s book Ref 941.5 D23s].) | *Smith, Frank''. Smith's Inventory of Genealogical Sources: Ireland''. (Family History Library [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titlehitlist&columns=*%2C0%2C0&callno=941.5+D23s book Ref 941.5 D23s].) | ||
The National Archives (England) emigration collections include registers of births, 1847-1854, and deaths of emigrants at sea, 1847-1869. See the CO class series no. 386, pieces 170-172. These may include many among the Irish "Famine" immigrants who died journeying across the Atlantic to North America. | The National Archives (England) emigration collections include registers of births, 1847-1854, and deaths of emigrants at sea, 1847-1869. See the CO class series no. 386, pieces 170-172. These may include many among the Irish "Famine" immigrants who died journeying across the Atlantic to North America. | ||
== Immigration into Ireland == | == Immigration into Ireland == | ||