Canada Emigration and Immigration: Difference between revisions

=== Emigration Records of Europe ===

The major European ports of departure in the 19th century included Liverpool, LeHavre, Bremen, Hamburg, and Antwerp. Most emigrants after 1880 came through these ports and Naples, Rotterdam, and Trieste. Some countries kept records of their emigrants (individuals leaving the country).  

Many ships that came to Canada left from Hamburg. The Family History Library has the Hamburg passenger lists and indexes:  

Hamburg. Auswanderungsamt. ''Auswandererlisten, 1850–1934 (Emigration Lists, 1850–1934)''. Salt Lake City, Utah, USA: Genealogical Society of Utah, 1986. (On 169 FHL films beginning with film 1463389.)  

 

The library also has a few records for other ports. See the Locality Search of the Family History Library Catalog under:  

[COUNTRY], [COUNTY], [CITY] - EMIGRATION AND IMMIGRATION  

'''Passenger Arrival Records before 1865'''  

Passenger arrival records can help you determine when an ancestor arrived and the port of departure. They can also help identify family and community members who arrived together and, usually, the country they came from.  

There are very few passenger lists for ships coming into Canada before 1865. Lists were not made or were destroyed. Some sources of lists for this period include:  

Filby, P. William. ''Passenger and Immigration Lists Index''. 15+ Volumes. Detroit, Michigan, USA: Gale Research, 1981–. (FHL book 973 W32p.) Supplemental volumes have been issued annually. A few scattered volumes are available on microfilm. This source contains nearly three million names from more than 2,500 published sources. This focuses on U.S. arrivals, but also indexes many pre-1865 Canadian passenger lists which have been compiled in genealogical and historical publications. It does not index microfilmed official U.S. or Canadian arrival lists.  

Dobson, David. ''Directory of Scottish Settlers in North America, 1625–1825''. Seven Volumes. Baltimore, Maryland, USA: Genealogical Publishing Company, 1981–93. (FHL book Ref 970 W2d.) Volume 5, with more than 3,000 names, especially emphasizes Scottish migration to Canada. It may include the settler’s name, birth date, family members’ names, and date and place of settlement in North America.  

Whyte, Donald. ''A Dictionary of Scottish Emigrants to Canada before Confederation [1867]''. Two Volumes. Toronto, Canada: Ontario Genealogical Society, 1986, 1995. (FHL book Ref 971 F2wd.) Volume 1 includes about 12,500 names; volume 2 has about 11,000. The volumes may contain the following Information about the immigrant: name, date, place of birth and death, date of arrival in Canada, residence in Canada, occupation, and spouse’s and children’s names. The appendixes give the sources of information.  

Smith, Leonard H. ''Nova Scotia Immigrants to 1867''. Two Volumes. Baltimore, Maryland, USA: Genealogical Publishing Company, 1992, 1994. (FHL book 971.6W2s.) Volume 1 includes about 15,000 entries taken from manuscript sources and Nova Scotia periodicals. Volume 2 has about 6,800 entries from non-Nova Scotia periodicals and from published diaries. The information may include the immigrant’s name, names of family members, name of the ship on which he or she arrived, date of arrival, place of settlement in Nova Scotia, and the source of the information. It covers peninsular Nova Scotia only; it does not cover Cape Breton Island.  

Mitchell, Brian. ''Irish Emigration Lists 1833–1839: Lists of Emigrants Extracted from the Ordnance Survey Memoirs for Counties Londonderry and Antrim''. Baltimore, Maryland, USA: Genealogical Publishing Company, 1989. (FHL book 941.6 W2m.) This and the following book by Mitchell list age, year of departure, destination, and townland or county of origin in northern Ireland for many persons sailing to Saint John, New Brunswick; Quebec; and other North American ports. It contains about 3,000 entries.  

Mitchell, Brian. ''Irish Passenger Lists 1847–1871: Lists of Passengers Sailing from Londonderry to America. . . .'' Baltimore, Maryland, USA: Genealogical Publishing Company, 1988. (FHL book 973 W3mi.) This book contains about 20,000 entries; about half of the people had destinations in Canada.  

'''Passenger Arrival Records Beginning in 1865'''  

Most immigrants to Canada arrived at the ports of Quebec and Halifax, although many came to New York and then traveled to Canada by way of the Hudson River, Erie Canal, and Great Lakes. A few arrived in Portland, Maine, then traveled overland to Canada. Surviving lists for Quebec date from 1865 and for Halifax from 1881.  

The Family History Library has:  

*Passenger lists for Quebec, 1865–1900. (On 53 FHL films beginning with film 889440.)  

*Passenger lists for Halifax, 1881–1899. (On 12 FHL films beginning with film 889429.)