Ireland History: Difference between revisions

Ireland History (view source)

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 Efficient family history research requires an understanding of the historical events that affected your ancestors and the records about them. Learning about wars, laws, migrations, settlement patterns, local events, and economic or religious trends may help you understand family movements. These events may also direct you to records, such as settlement certificates or military records, that mention your family. Learning about the conditions in which your ancestors lived and the events that influenced their lives will also help you understand your ancestors as human beings.
+==History==
+The state was created as the Irish Free State in 1922 as a result of the Anglo-Irish Treaty. It had the status of Dominion until 1937 when a new constitution was adopted, in which the state was named Ireland and effectively became a republic, with an elected non-executive president as head of state.
+Ireland was officially declared a Republic in 1949, following the Republic of Ireland Act 1948. Ireland became a member of the United Nations in December 1955. It joined the European Economic Community, the predecessor of the European Union, in 1973. The state had no formal relations with Northern Ireland for most of the twentieth century, but during the 1980's and 1990's the British and Irish governments worked with the Northern Ireland parties towards a resolution to the troubles. Since the signing of the Good Friday Agreement in 1998, the Irish government and Northern Ireland Executive have co-operated on a number of policy areas under the North-South Ministerial Council created by the Agreement.
+Ireland ranks among the top twenty-five wealthiest countries in the world in terms of GDP per capita, and as the tenth most prosperous country in the world according to The Legatum Prosperity Index 2015. After joining the European Economic Community, Ireland enacted a series of liberal economic policies that resulted in rapid economic growth. The country achieved considerable prosperity between the years of 1995 and 2007, which became known as the Celtic Tiger period.
+The Celtic Tiger period was halted by an unprecedented financial crisis that began in 2008, in conjunction with the concurrent global economic crash. However, as the Irish economy was the fastest growing in the EU in 2015, Ireland is again quickly ascending league tables comparing wealth and prosperity internationally. For example, in 2015, Ireland was ranked as the joint sixth, with Germany, most developed country in the world by the United Nations Human Development Index.
+<br>
+[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland]
+==Timeline==
+- 1014 Irish Kingdom. Brian Boru united Irish regional kings<br>
+- 1171 Norman invasion of Ireland in several stages<br>
+- 1250 English colonists were sent to colonize Ireland<br>
+- The English crown officially claimed Ireland as part of England. Meetings and legislative drafts of the Irish parliament were subject to the control of the English king and council. But in 1496 Kildare, the lord deputy who had ruled Ireland before 1494, was reinstated<br>
+- 1541 First English conquest of Ireland<br>
+- 1640 Many English and Scottish families were sent to Ireland to receive estates as rewards from the king. Lands were mainly granted in the counties of Leix, Offaly, Tipperary, Wexford, Leitrim, and Longford and in the major plantations in Ulster province. Some civil servants received lands in Munster province. Many Irish families were displaced<br>
+- Scots began settling Ulster province<br>
+- 1652 Irish Rebellion. Ulster natives overthrew English colonial rule, and Irish rebels established a Catholic government called the Confederation of Kilkenny<br>
+- Second English conquest. Oliver Cromwell crushed the rebellion in Ireland and awarded lands to Protestants. Catholics who could prove they had not been involved in the rebellion were given estates in West Clare. Some prisoners were sent to New England<br>
+- 1741 The "Great Frost" destroyed stored food in the winter and led to poor harvests in the fall. The result was a great famine in 1740 in which a quarter of a million people died<br>
+Ireland united with England and Scotland to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland<br>
+- Civil registration of non-Catholic marriages began<br>
+- 1852 Potato Famine  Blight destroyed the potato crop for several consecutive years resulting in starvation and disease. Millions died and millions emigrated<br>
+- 1914 Many Irish emigrated<br>
+- Civil registration of births and deaths began. Marriage registration began to include Catholics<br>
+- The Church of Ireland ceased to be recognized as the state church<br>
+- 1921 War of Independence resulted in 1,468 deaths. A treaty, signed on 7 January 1922, split Ireland into the predominantly Catholic Republic of Ireland and the predominantly Protestant Northern Ireland<br>
+- 1923 Irish Civil War and Irregulars of the Irish Republican Army opposed to the 1922 treaty were in conflict with the Free State forces<br>
 === Online Resources===
 *[http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/11917?msg=welcome_stranger “The Story of Ireland,” from Project Gutenberg, published in 1896]
@@ Line 27: / Line 55: @@
 *[http://sites.rootsweb.com/~irlkik/ihm/ire1841.htm Ireland's History in Maps]
 *[http://royalirishconstabulary.webs.com/ Royal Irish Constabulary]
-=== Timeline of Historical Events  ===
-Events in Irish history that may have influenced your ancestors and the records about them include the following:
-[[Image:Ireland Regional Kingdoms.gif|thumb|right|<center>Ireland Regional Kingdoms<center>]]
-'''1002-14''' Irish Kingdom. Brian Boru united Irish regional kings.
-'''1169-1171''' Norman invasion of Ireland (in several stages)
-'''1200-50''' British colonizing. English colonists were sent to colonize Ireland.
-'''1494''' The English crown officially claimed Ireland as part of England. Meetings and legislative drafts of the Irish parliament were subject to the control of the English king and council. But in 1496 Kildare, the lord deputy who had ruled Ireland before 1494, was reinstated.
-'''1536-1541''' First English conquest of Ireland under Henry VIII.
-'''1549-1640''' Plantations. Many English and Scottish families were sent to Ireland to receive estates as rewards from the king. Lands were mainly granted in the counties of Leix, Offaly, Tipperary, Wexford, Leitrim, and Longford and in the major plantations in Ulster province. Some civil servants received lands in Munster province. Many Irish families were displaced.
-'''1603''' Scots began settling Ulster province.
-'''1641-52''' Irish Rebellion. Ulster natives overthrew English colonial rule, and Irish rebels established a Catholic government called the Confederation of Kilkenny.
-'''1649''' Second English conquest. Oliver Cromwell crushed the rebellion in Ireland and awarded lands to Protestants. Catholics who could prove they had not been involved in the rebellion were given estates in West Clare. Some prisoners were sent to New England.
-'''1690''' The Irish Parliament was established in Dublin.
-'''1720''' British Parliament began to legislate for Ireland, and the British House of Lords had the powers of a supreme court in Irish law cases.
-'''1739-41''' The "Great Frost" destroyed stored food in the winter and led to poor harvests in the fall. The result was a great famine in 1740 in which a quarter of a million people died.
-'''1782-93''' Legislative acts gave power back to the Irish Parliament and more rights to Irish Roman Catholics.
-'''1800''' Ireland united with England and Scotland to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
-'''1821''' The first genealogically useful census was taken.
-'''1838''' New Poor Law Act and the formation of Poor Law Unions
-'''1845''' Civil registration of non-Catholic marriages began.
-'''1845-52'''&nbsp;Potato Famine (The 'Great' Famine or ''an Gorta Mór''). Blight destroyed the potato crop for several consecutive years resulting in starvation and disease. Millions died and millions emigrated.
-'''1850-1914''' Many Irish emigrated, which helped to stabilize the economy.
-'''1850''' The Reform Act was passed, basing the right to vote on occupation rather than on property ownership.
-'''1858''' The Principle Probate Registry began proving Irish probates.
-'''1864''' Civil registration of births and deaths began. Marriage registration began to include Catholics.
-'''1869''' The Church of Ireland ceased to be recognized as the state church.
-'''1919-21''' War of Independence resulted in 1,468 deaths. A treaty, signed on 7 January 1922, split Ireland into the predominantly Catholic Republic of Ireland and the predominantly Protestant Northern Ireland.
-'''1922-23''' Irish Civil War. Irregulars of the Irish Republican Army opposed to the 1922 treaty were in conflict with the Free State forces. During part of this conflict the anti-treaty forces occupied the Four Courts building where many Irish records were housed. After a stand-off and siege lasting several months the Anti-Treaty forces were defeated, but the building was burned and many records destroyed.
 For key dates relating to church records, see [[Ireland Church History]]. For dates and records of other wars involving the Irish, see [[England Genealogy|England]]. To find out when the various British rulers reigned, see: