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The historical record of household registration in ancient China can be dated back as early as the Sia Dynasty (twenty-first century BC) when households were enumerated when Yu the Great attempted to pacify the Great Flood. | The historical record of household registration in ancient China can be dated back as early as the Sia Dynasty (twenty-first century BC) when households were enumerated when Yu the Great attempted to pacify the Great Flood. | ||
== Before Qing Dynasty == | |||
'''During Jhou Dynasty''' | '''During Jhou Dynasty''' | ||
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The birthplace of residents was recorded along with gender, birth, and death, which was the earliest form of identity registration. | The birthplace of residents was recorded along with gender, birth, and death, which was the earliest form of identity registration. | ||
== Chin and Han Periods == | |||
'''Chin Dynasty''' | '''Chin Dynasty''' | ||
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The census was conducted regularly every year, and the results were used as a basis for enlistment and taxation. | The census was conducted regularly every year, and the results were used as a basis for enlistment and taxation. | ||
== Jin and Sui Periods == | |||
'''Jin Dynasty''' | '''Jin Dynasty''' | ||
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In the early Sui dynasty, an equal field system was adopted and land was distributed household-wise. | In the early Sui dynasty, an equal field system was adopted and land was distributed household-wise. | ||
== Tang and Song Periods == | |||
'''Tang Dynasty''' | '''Tang Dynasty''' | ||
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In the early Song dynasty, household registration was conducted; however, it emphasized male family members only. Therefore, although registration was conducted, it did not reflect the correct number of the entire population. | In the early Song dynasty, household registration was conducted; however, it emphasized male family members only. Therefore, although registration was conducted, it did not reflect the correct number of the entire population. | ||
== Yuan, Ming, and Qing Periods == | |||
'''Yuan Dynasty''' | '''Yuan Dynasty''' | ||
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It is evident from these records that, since the Qing dynasty, ancient household registration started to form two systems in which the household registration was separate from the police household. | It is evident from these records that, since the Qing dynasty, ancient household registration started to form two systems in which the household registration was separate from the police household. | ||
== Modern Household Registration == | |||
'''During the Dutch's Occupation of Taiwan''' | '''During the Dutch's Occupation of Taiwan''' | ||
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The Japanese conducted household registration in line with their colonial policies in Taiwan. They also used the registration to investigate the labor force and maintain public safety. In 1906, Taiwan's civil registration was instituted, with two systems of registering permanent residents and migrating people. Household investigation was done by the police authorities, and household registration was done by the local registrar's offices at a regional level. | The Japanese conducted household registration in line with their colonial policies in Taiwan. They also used the registration to investigate the labor force and maintain public safety. In 1906, Taiwan's civil registration was instituted, with two systems of registering permanent residents and migrating people. Household investigation was done by the police authorities, and household registration was done by the local registrar's offices at a regional level. | ||
== After Restoration == | |||
'''During the Early Restoration Period''' | '''During the Early Restoration Period''' | ||
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On 29 June 1992, the registration of origin in Mainland China was abolished. On 21 May 1997, the registration of occupation was abolished. | On 29 June 1992, the registration of origin in Mainland China was abolished. On 21 May 1997, the registration of occupation was abolished. | ||
== Computerization of Household Administration == | |||
The computerization project was carried in three phases: | The computerization project was carried in three phases: | ||
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The launch of electronic services has opened a new page in the history of household registration and serves as a solid foundation for promoting administrative renovation. | The launch of electronic services has opened a new page in the history of household registration and serves as a solid foundation for promoting administrative renovation. | ||
== Hong Kong == | |||
In Hong Kong registration of births and deaths actually began in 1842, but was not required by law until 1883; marriage records were not required by law until 1971, earlier marriage records are incomplete and mainly for Europeans. Birth and death records prior to 1873 and marriage records prior to 1945 have been lost.<ref name="profile">The Family History Department of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, “Family History Record Profile: China,” Word document, private files of the FamilySearch Content Strategy Team, 1997.</ref> | In Hong Kong registration of births and deaths actually began in 1842, but was not required by law until 1883; marriage records were not required by law until 1971, earlier marriage records are incomplete and mainly for Europeans. Birth and death records prior to 1873 and marriage records prior to 1945 have been lost.<ref name="profile">The Family History Department of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, “Family History Record Profile: China,” Word document, private files of the FamilySearch Content Strategy Team, 1997.</ref> | ||