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''[[Indians of Montana|Indians of Montana]] > Northern Cheyenne Indians''  
''[[Indians of Montana|Indians of Montana]] > Northern Cheyenne Indians''  


'''Ancestral Lands: '''Great Lakes region, and thence to Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming, and Colorado.  
{{infobox ethnic group
|group = Northern Cheyenne
|image = [[Image:Blackfeet_IndiansThree_chiefs_Piegan.jpg|232x231px]]
|poptime =
<table style="background: none; width: 100%;" rules="rows">
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<td>???</td>
<td style="text-align: right;">???</td><td style="width: 2px;">{{resize|0%|&nbsp;}}</td>
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<tr>
<td>???</td>
<td style="text-align: right;">???</td><td>{{resize|0%|&nbsp;}}</td>
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<td>???</td>
<td style="text-align: right;">???</td><td>{{resize|0%|&nbsp;}}</td>
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<small></small>
|popplace = '''Ancestral Homelands''': Great Lakes region, and thence to Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming, and Colorado.<br>
'''Descendants''':<br>
[[Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation (Montana)|Northern Cheyenne Reservation]] in southern Montana, formerly known as the Tongue River Reservation.
|status = Federally recognized
|linguistic = not yet researched
|cultural = not yet researched
|related-c = Cheyenne
}}


== History  ==
=== History  ===


The Northern Cheyenne and the Southern Cheyenne share their early history as the [[Cheyenne Indians|Cheyenne]] Tribe. The Cheyenne Tribe divided into the Northern and Southern Cheyenne in 1825&nbsp;
The Northern Cheyenne and the Southern Cheyenne share their early history as the [[Cheyenne Indians|Cheyenne]] Tribe. The Cheyenne Tribe divided into the Northern and Southern Cheyenne in 1825.


For the Cheyenne, the Indian Wars of the west involved ongoing conflict with the U.S. Military for&nbsp;nearly&nbsp;twenty&nbsp;&nbsp;years 1857-1879. The Sand Creek massacre, occuring in 1854 when 400-500 Cheyenne under the leadership of Black Kettle were attact. Black Kettle had a large American Flag flying over his camp and had been promised as long as it flew over his camp&nbsp;it would be protected. During the 1866-1868 the&nbsp;Cheyenne and many of their Indian neighbors&nbsp;opposed the Bozemen Trail.  
For the Cheyenne, the Indian Wars of the west involved ongoing conflict with the U.S. Military for nearly twenty years 1857-1879. The Sand Creek massacre, occurring in 1854 when 400-500 Cheyenne under the leadership of Black Kettle were attacked. Black Kettle had a large American Flag flying over his camp and had been promised as long as it flew over his camp it would be protected. During 1866-1868 the Cheyenne and many of their Indian neighbors opposed the Bozeman Trail.  


Among the many tribes involved in&nbsp;the Battle of the Little Big Horn, the Northern Cheyenne helped defeat General Custer's army.  
Among the many tribes involved in the Battle of the Little Big Horn, the Northern Cheyenne helped defeat General Custer's army.  


The Northern Cheyenne divided&nbsp;into four groups. Two Moon going to Fort Keogh, Second Group joining other Cheyenne bands in Nebraska, Third Group joined the Southern Cheyenne in Oklahoma, the fouth group joining the Northern Arapho at the Wind River Agency in Wyoming<br>  
The Northern Cheyenne divided into four groups. Two Moon going to Fort Keogh, Second Group joining other Cheyenne bands in Nebraska, Third Group joined the Southern Cheyenne in Oklahoma, the fourth group joining the Northern Arapaho at the Wind River Agency in Wyoming<br>  


The Tongue River Reservation became home to the Northern Cheyenne in 1884. The name of the Reservation was later changed to the Northern Cheyenne Reservation.<br>  
The Tongue River Reservation became home to the Northern Cheyenne in 1884. The name of the Reservation was later changed to the Northern Cheyenne Reservation.<br>  
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*'''1851:''' Treaty at Fort Laramie gave the&nbsp;Cheyenne and other tribes land between the Platte and Arkansas Rivers, in what became Wyoming, Nebraska, Colorado, and western Kansas.  
*'''1851:''' Treaty at Fort Laramie gave the&nbsp;Cheyenne and other tribes land between the Platte and Arkansas Rivers, in what became Wyoming, Nebraska, Colorado, and western Kansas.  
*'''1857-1879:''' the Cheyenne fought an ongoing war with the U.S. Army  
*'''1857-1879:''' the Cheyenne fought an ongoing war with the U.S. Army  
*'''1864: '''Sand Creek Massacre 400-500 Southern Cheyenne under leadership of Black Kettle&nbsp;and Arapaho killed by U.S. Soldiers  
*'''1864: '''Sand Creek Massacre 400-500 Southern Cheyenne under leadership of Black Kettle and Arapaho killed by U.S. Soldiers  
*'''1864-65:''' Southern Cheyenne, and allies Arapaho and Sioux&nbsp;angered by the Sand Creek Massacre raided the South Platte area, and wagon trains  
*'''1864-65:''' Southern Cheyenne, and allies Arapaho and Sioux angered by the Sand Creek Massacre raided the South Platte area, and wagon trains  
*'''1866-1868: Northern Cheyenne''', Sioux (Miniconjous, Oglala, Sans Arcs, Brules), and Northern Arapaho were opposed to the construction of the Bozeman Trail. At the battle of Massacre Ridge (December 1866) 2,000 warrors killed eighty-one soldiers under the command of Captain William J. Fetterman. Three forts were built to protect the developing trail and workers -- Fort Reno, Fort Phil Kearny and Fort C.F. Smith. The Bozeman Trail was abandoned as the Union Pacific Railroad would make the trail obsolete.  
*'''1866-1868: Northern Cheyenne''', Sioux (Miniconjous, Oglala, Sans Arcs, Brules), and Northern Arapaho were opposed to the construction of the Bozeman Trail. At the battle of Massacre Ridge (December 1866) 2,000 warrors killed eighty-one soldiers under the command of Captain William J. Fetterman. Three forts were built to protect the developing trail and workers -- Fort Reno, Fort Phil Kearny and Fort C.F. Smith. The Bozeman Trail was abandoned as the Union Pacific Railroad would make the trail obsolete.  
*'''1868:''' May 10 -- Treaty at Fort Laramie with the '''Northern Cheyenne '''and Northern Arapaho&nbsp;
*'''1868:''' May 10 -- Treaty at Fort Laramie with the '''Northern Cheyenne '''and Northern Arapaho.
*'''1875:''' Indian Homestead Act, precluded the need for a reservation. By this land law, Indians were free to file claims of 160 acres.  
*'''1875:''' Indian Homestead Act, precluded the need for a reservation. By this land law, Indians were free to file claims of 160 acres.  
*'''1875-76: '''there were approximately 15,000 gold seekers in the Black Hills  
*'''1875-76: '''there were approximately 15,000 gold seekers in the Black Hills  
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*'''1876:''' Battle of Wolf Mountain  
*'''1876:''' Battle of Wolf Mountain  
*'''1877:''' In April the '''Northern Cheyenne divided into four groups''': '''Two Moon '''group went to Fort Keogh where they surrendered to Colonel Miles, and the warriors became scouts, later fighting against Sioux and Nez Perce Indians. '''Second group -''' largest group- moved east and joined other Cheyenne bands, who surrendered at Red Cloud Agency in Nebraska. '''Third group- '''went to Oklahoma and joined the Southern Cheyenne. '''Fourth group'''- joined the Northern Arapaho at Wind River Agency in Wyoming.  
*'''1877:''' In April the '''Northern Cheyenne divided into four groups''': '''Two Moon '''group went to Fort Keogh where they surrendered to Colonel Miles, and the warriors became scouts, later fighting against Sioux and Nez Perce Indians. '''Second group -''' largest group- moved east and joined other Cheyenne bands, who surrendered at Red Cloud Agency in Nebraska. '''Third group- '''went to Oklahoma and joined the Southern Cheyenne. '''Fourth group'''- joined the Northern Arapaho at Wind River Agency in Wyoming.  
*'''1877 May 28''': Northern Cheyenne tribe&nbsp;left Red Cloud Agency for the Cheyenne-Arapaho Agency at Darlington, Oklahoma. The Fourth Cavalry under Lieutenant Henry W. Lawton escorted them and two days later they arrived at the Cheyenne-Arapho Agency. Some of the Northern tribesmen not welcomed.  
*'''1877 May 28''': Northern Cheyenne tribe left Red Cloud Agency for the Cheyenne-Arapaho Agency at Darlington, Oklahoma. The Fourth Cavalry under Lieutenant Henry W. Lawton escorted them and two days later they arrived at the Cheyenne-Arapho Agency. Some of the Northern tribesmen not welcomed.  
*'''1877:''' Cheyenne surrendered and were removed to the Southern Cheyenne Reservation in Indian Territory  
*'''1877:''' Cheyenne surrendered and were removed to the Southern Cheyenne Reservation in Indian Territory  
*'''1878:'''&nbsp; part of the '''Northern Cheyenne '''were allowed to go back north.  
*'''1878:''' part of the '''Northern Cheyenne '''were allowed to go back north.  
*'''1880-1891:''' the tribe gathered to southeastern Montana  
*'''1880-1891:''' the tribe gathered to southeastern Montana  
*'''1884:''' Tongue River Reservation was established for the '''Northern Cheyenne '''on 16 November by executive order of President Chester A. Arthur.  
*'''1884:''' Tongue River Reservation was established for the '''Northern Cheyenne '''on 16 November by executive order of President Chester A. Arthur.  
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*'''1900:''' The Tongue River Reservation was enlarged by executive order on 19 March 1900 to include from the west bank of the Tongue River to the eastern boundary of the Crow Reservation  
*'''1900:''' The Tongue River Reservation was enlarged by executive order on 19 March 1900 to include from the west bank of the Tongue River to the eastern boundary of the Crow Reservation  
*'''1935:''' Constitution and bylaws of the Northern Cheyenne was approved on 23 November 1935, under the Indian Reorganization Act.
*'''1935:''' Constitution and bylaws of the Northern Cheyenne was approved on 23 November 1935, under the Indian Reorganization Act.
==== Reservations  ====
This tribe is primarily associated with the [[Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation (Montana)|Northern Cheyenne Reservation]] in southern Montana.


==== Additional References to the History of the Tribe  ====
==== Additional References to the History of the Tribe  ====


== Tribal Headquarters  ==
=== Tribal Headquarters  ===


Northern Cheyenne Tribe <br>P.O. Box 128<br>Lame Deer, MT 59043<br>Phone: 406.477.6284<br>Fax: 406.477.6210 <br>  
Northern Cheyenne Tribe <br>P.O. Box 128<br>Lame Deer, MT 59043<br>Phone: 406.477.6284<br>Fax: 406.477.6210 <br>  


== Records  ==
=== Records  ===


'''Agencies'''
==== Agencies ====


[[Northern Cheyenne Indian Agency (Montana)|Northern Cheyenne Agency]]  
[[Northern Cheyenne Indian Agency (Montana)|Northern Cheyenne Agency]]  
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[[Tongue River Indian Agency (Montana)|Tongue River Agency]]  
[[Tongue River Indian Agency (Montana)|Tongue River Agency]]  


== Important Web Sites  ==
=== Important Web Sites  ===


*[http://thorpe.ou.edu/IRA/ncheycons.html Constitutions and By-Laws] of the Northern Cheyenne Tribe of the Tongue River Reservation, Approved November 23, 1935  
*[http://thorpe.ou.edu/IRA/ncheycons.html Constitutions and By-Laws] of the Northern Cheyenne Tribe of the Tongue River Reservation, Approved November 23, 1935  
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*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Cheyenne_Indian_Reservation Wikipedia] article on Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Cheyenne_Indian_Reservation Wikipedia] article on Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation


== References  ==
=== References  ===


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<references />  
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