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== History == | == History == | ||
==== Brief Timeline | Originally part of the Yanktonai Dakota (Nakota) Indians, they separated in the early 1700's and settled in the area between the Saskatchewan and Missouri Rivers. In 1780 their population was estimated at 10,000. | ||
Intertribal warfare forced the Assiniboin to migrate from Great Lakes to Minnesota, where the tribe came in contact with non-Indians in the 1800s. They migrated during the 1830s to "Montana," where Fort Union was built by the American Fur Company. | |||
A smallpox epidemic de-populated the tribe by 4,000 in 1837. Emigrants were traveling west across the country. In 1851 the tribe signed a treaty agreeing to not attack those traveling on the Oregon Trail, and tribe was assigned land in western Montana. | |||
In 1870s the tribe settled on reservations in the United States - Fort Belknap Reservation (with Gros Ventre Tribe) and Fort Peck Reservation (with Sioux Tribes) - and in Canada - tracts of land in Saskatchewan and Alberta (with Sioux, Cree and Chippewa). Reservation living was difficult at best. | |||
The logistics of providing food for the tribes was not efficient. When supplies failed to arrive, disappointed and hungry leaders sometimes confronted the government and military officials, which sometimes developed into warfare. | |||
In 1990, there were 5,274 Assiniboin in the United States and others in Canada. | |||
==== Brief Timeline ==== | |||
*'''Early: '''forced from Great Lakes area to Minnesota area by tribal warfare | *'''Early: '''forced from Great Lakes area to Minnesota area by tribal warfare | ||
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*'''1883-1884:''' In the winter living at Fort Peck, the rations failed to arrive and hundreds of Assiniboin perished due to starvation. | *'''1883-1884:''' In the winter living at Fort Peck, the rations failed to arrive and hundreds of Assiniboin perished due to starvation. | ||
*'''1887-1934:''' General Allotment Act (1887) began land allotment; land allotment of Assiniboin territory discontinued in 1934. | *'''1887-1934:''' General Allotment Act (1887) began land allotment; land allotment of Assiniboin territory discontinued in 1934. | ||
==== Reservations ==== | ==== Reservations ==== | ||
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*Additional details are given in John Swanton's ''[http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/montana/index.htm#Assiniboin The Indian Tribes of North America]'' | *Additional details are given in John Swanton's ''[http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/montana/index.htm#Assiniboin The Indian Tribes of North America]'' | ||
*David Bushnell's ''[http://www.accessgenealogy.com/scripts/data/database.cgi?file=Data&report=SingleArticle&ArticleID=0017321 Villages of the Algonquian, Siouan and Caddoan Tribes West of the Mississippi]''. | *David Bushnell's ''[http://www.accessgenealogy.com/scripts/data/database.cgi?file=Data&report=SingleArticle&ArticleID=0017321 Villages of the Algonquian, Siouan and Caddoan Tribes West of the Mississippi]''. | ||
*[http://www.ftbelknap-nsn.gov/assiniboineHistory.php Fort Belknap Indian Community] website has a page of Assiniboine history | *[http://www.ftbelknap-nsn.gov/assiniboineHistory.php Fort Belknap Indian Community] website has a page of Assiniboine history | ||
*For additional history of the tribe, [http://www.omahapubliclibrary.org/transmiss/congress/assiniboine.html read more....] | *For additional history of the tribe, [http://www.omahapubliclibrary.org/transmiss/congress/assiniboine.html read more....] | ||
*A [http://www.poplarmt.com/tribes.htm history of the Assiniboin] living on or near the Fort Peck Reservation is available on the Poplar, Montana website. | *A [http://www.poplarmt.com/tribes.htm history of the Assiniboin] living on or near the Fort Peck Reservation is available on the Poplar, Montana website. | ||