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'''Ancestral Homeland:''' Idaho, Oregon and Washington  
'''Alternate Names:''' Nimi'ipuu, Chopuunish. Sahaptin '''Ancestral Homeland:''' Idaho, Oregon and Washington  
 
'''Ancestral Homelands:''' The Nez Perce ranged from northeastern Oregon and western Washington, across north-central Idaho and as far east as the headwaters of the Missouri River in Montana.  
The Nez Perce Indians, also known as the ''Nimi'ipuu'', have been known by other names, as well. Lewis and Clark called them the Chopuunish, and later writers called them the Sahaptin. At the time of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, they ranged from northeastern Oregon and  western Washington, across north-central Idaho and as far east as the headwaters of the Missouri River in Montana.  
 
By a Treaty of 1855, the tribe was confined to a reservation in the Wallowa Valley in Oregon and a large area of central Idaho. When the federal government wanted to further confine the tribe to the [[Indians of Idaho|Idaho]] portion of the reservation, Chief Joseph and his followers resisted in what became known as the Nez Perce War. As a result of their defeat in this resistance, Chief Joseph led his followers on a march to try to reach Canada, but was stopped short of his goal, surrounded by U.S. soldiers and sent to Indian Territory and later to the Colville Reservation in Washington.
 
The Nez Perce now reside mostly on the reservation near Lapwai, Idaho, with a few descendants of the tribe still residing on the Colville Reservation and with the Coeur d'Alene Indians in northern Idaho.
 
Frederick Webb Hodge, in his ''Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico'', gave a more complete [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/nezperce/nezpercehist.htm history of the Nez Perce tribe], with estimations of the population of the tribe at various time periods.
 
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== History  ==
== History  ==
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*1805 -- Contact between the Nez Perce and the Lewis and Clark expedition  
*1805 -- Contact between the Nez Perce and the Lewis and Clark expedition  
*1836 -- Henry Harmon and Eliza Spalding establish a Presbyterian mission among the Nez Perce  
*1836 -- Henry Harmon and Eliza Spalding establish a Presbyterian mission among the Nez Perce  
*1855 --&nbsp; Nez Perce Reservation established by treaty.  
*1855 -- Nez Perce Reservation established by treaty.  
*1861 -- Nez Perce Agency of the Bureau of Indian Affairs was established  
*1861 -- Nez Perce Agency of the Bureau of Indian Affairs was established  
*1863: June 9, a treaty was signed at Lapwai Valley, Washington Terrtitory  
*1863: June 9, a treaty was signed at Lapwai Valley, Washington Terrtitory  
*1868:&nbsp; August 13, a treaty was signed at council ground in Lapwai Valley in Washington Territory  
*1868: August 13, a treaty was signed at council ground in Lapwai Valley in Washington Territory  
*1868 -- Father Joseph Cataldo's first Catholic missionary efforts among the Nez Perce  
*1868 -- Father Joseph Cataldo's first Catholic missionary efforts among the Nez Perce  
*1874 -- St. Joseph's Catholic mission established  
*1874 -- St. Joseph's Catholic mission established  
*1877 -- The "Nez Perce War," led by Chief Joseph, occurred.&nbsp; (Flight of the Nez Perce, 1,700 miles)
*1877 -- The "Nez Perce War," led by Chief Joseph, occurred. (Flight of the Nez Perce, 1,700 miles)


:Battles: Clearwater Creek in Idaho, Big Hole Valley - Montana, Camas Creek- Idaho, Cayon Creek and Cow Island -Montana, Bear Paw - Montana, leading the U.S. forces was General Oliver Howard - (Formed Howard University - ed. African Americans&nbsp;he had one arm)1877:&nbsp; October, Chief Joseph 87 warriors, 84 women, and 147 children surrendered near Bear Paw, Montana. November,&nbsp;the Nez Perce Tribe sent to Fort Leavenworth,&nbsp;Kansas
L:Battles: Clearwater Creek in Idaho, Big Hole Valley in Montana, Camas Creek in Idaho, Canyon Creek and Cow Island in Montana, and Bear Paw in Montana. Leading the U.S. forces was General Oliver Howard - (Formed Howard University - ed. African Americans; he had one arm)1877:&nbsp; October, Chief Joseph 87 warriors, 84 women, and 147 children surrendered near Bear Paw, Montana. November the Nez Perce Tribe sent to Fort Leavenworth, Kansas


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==== Brief History  ====
==== Brief History  ====


The first&nbsp;reported contact with non-Indians occured in 1805 when the Lewis and Clark Expedition explored the area  
The first reported contact with non-Indians occurred in 1805 when the Lewis and Clark Expedition explored the area. The Nez Perce Indians, also known as the ''Nimi'ipuu'', have been known by other names, as well. Lewis and Clark called them the Chopuunish, and later writers called them the Sahaptin.


Interaction with missionaries began in 1836 when a Presbyterian mission was extablish by Henry Harmon Spalding&nbsp;and his wife,&nbsp;Eliza.&nbsp; Father Joseph Cataldo was the first Catholic missionary, the St. Joseph Catholic mission was established in 1874.  
Interaction with missionaries began in 1836 when a Presbyterian mission was extablished by Henry Harmon Spalding and his wife, Eliza. Father Joseph Cataldo was the first Catholic missionary, and the St. Joseph Catholic mission was established in 1874.  


March 6, 1856 the Nez Perce tribe furnished horses to the Oregon Mounted Volunteers,&nbsp;the tribe was later reimbursed in a treaty signed June 9, 1863.  
By a Treaty of 1855, the tribe was confined to a reservation in the Wallowa Valley in Oregon and a large area of central Idaho. On March 6, 1856 the Nez Perce tribe furnished horses to the Oregon Mounted Volunteers. The tribe was later reimbursed in a treaty signed June 9, 1863.  


Nez Perce War&nbsp;in 1877 led by Chief Joseph, concluded in October, only after months and a 1,700 mile flight, while fighting, later in November, the tribe was sent to Fort Leavenworth, in Kansas&nbsp;
When the federal government wanted to further confine the tribe to the [[Indians of Idaho|Idaho]] portion of the reservation in 1877, Chief Joseph and his followers resisted in what became known as the Nez Perce War. As a result of their defeat in this resistance, Chief Joseph led his followers on a march to try to reach Canada, but was stopped short of his goal, surrounded by U.S. soldiers, and forced to surrender in October of 1877, after several months of fleeing the pursuing army. Their flight toward Canada covered 1700 miles. Chief Joseph and his followers were sent to Indian Territory, and then to Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. They were later confined to the Colville Reservation in Washington.
 
The Nez Perce now reside mostly on the reservation near Lapwai, Idaho, with a few descendants of the tribe, principally Chief Joseph's Band, still residing on the Colville Reservation and with the Coeur d'Alene Indians in northern Idaho.


==== Reservations  ====
==== Reservations  ====
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==== Additional References to the History of the Tribe  ====
==== Additional References to the History of the Tribe  ====


Frederick Webb Hodge, in his [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/nezperce/nezpercehist.htm Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico], gave a more complete history of the Nez Perce tribe, with estimations of the population of the tribe at various time periods. Additional details are given in John Swanton's [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/idaho/index.htm#Nez_Percé The Indian Tribes of North America].  
*Frederick Webb Hodge, in his [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/nezperce/nezpercehist.htm Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico], gave a more complete history of the Nez Perce tribe, with estimations of the population of the tribe at various time periods.  
*Additional details are given in John Swanton's [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/idaho/index.htm#Nez_Percé The Indian Tribes of North America].


== Tribal Headquarters  ==
== Tribal Headquarters  ==
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| Colville Agency Census 574208-215
| Colville Agency Census 574208-215
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| Winnebago Agency, 1869-1947
| Winnebago Agency, 1869-1947  
| Kansas City&nbsp;
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| Northern Idaho Agency, 1875-1952
| Northern Idaho Agency, 1875-1952  
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| Rolls 11, 45, 49-56
| Rolls 11, 45, 49-56  
| 579712
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| Nez Perce
| Nez Perce  
| Ponca and Quapaw Agencies, Oklahoma, 1878-79
| Ponca and Quapaw Agencies, Oklahoma, 1878-79  
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| 695-77, 707-713
| 695-77, 707-713  
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| Roll 301
| Roll 301  
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| Nez Perce  
| Fort Lapwai, 1902-33
| Fort Lapwai, 1902-33  
| Washington D.C.  
| Washington D.C.  
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| Rollw 145-48
| Rollw 145-48  
| 576834-837
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