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=== History | === History === | ||
The Saulteaux Indians are a branch of the Ojibwa people (aka Algonquin, Anishinabe, Bungee, Chippewa, Little Shell, Nez Perce, Ojibway, Ojibwe, Pembina, Saginaw, Sac, and Sauk). Their land was located just east of Lake Superior when the English and French first met them in the early 17th century. It was probably the French who named these eastern [[Lake Superior Chippewa]] District people the Saulteaux ("People of the Falls" in French). In Montana, the Gros Ventre are known as the People of the Falls or People of the Waterfalls or simply the Waterfalls People or Falls People. They are the Chippewas who moved from the west to the east, after the Europeans began to settle the land. They are also the Montana Saulteaux. They originally lived in the Great Falls, Montana region and still do. The correct pronunciation of Saulteaux is Soo as in "Sioux" and toe as in "your big toe." "Sootoe."<br> | The Saulteaux Indians are a branch of the Ojibwa people (aka Algonquin, Anishinabe, Bungee, Chippewa, Little Shell, Nez Perce, Ojibway, Ojibwe, Pembina, Saginaw, Sac, and Sauk). Their land was located just east of Lake Superior when the English and French first met them in the early 17th century. It was probably the French who named these eastern [[Lake Superior Chippewa]] District people the Saulteaux ("People of the Falls" in French). (In Montana, the Gros Ventre are known as the People of the Falls or People of the Waterfalls or simply the Waterfalls People or Falls People. They are the Chippewas who moved from the west to the east, after the Europeans began to settle the land. They are also the Montana Saulteaux. They originally lived in the Great Falls, Montana region and still do.) The correct pronunciation of Saulteaux is Soo as in "Sioux" and toe as in "your big toe." "Sootoe."<br> | ||
Their original land was located in the immediate surrounding region of Sault Ste. Marie. Ojibwa authors from the 19th century wrote about Chippewas from the west forcing their way to the east, after the Europeans began to settle in the area. According to George Copway, the Chippewas from northern Wisconsin and Minnesota, settled the region where Sault Ste. Marie is. They then worked their way further east. Copway wrote that these Chippewa settlers colonized the region east of Lake Superior and east of Lake Huron, after 1634 and 1635. | Their original land was located in the immediate surrounding region of Sault Ste. Marie. Ojibwa authors from the 19th century wrote about Chippewas from the west forcing their way to the east, after the Europeans began to settle in the area. According to George Copway, the Chippewas from northern Wisconsin and Minnesota, settled the region where Sault Ste. Marie is. They then worked their way further east. Copway wrote that these Chippewa settlers colonized the region east of Lake Superior and east of Lake Huron, after 1634 and 1635. | ||
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As a result of the white settlements into the area east of Lake Huron, many were sent east to support the eastern Chippewas in the wars against the settlers and their Indian allies. By the 1660s, the Saulteaux Ojibwa's had forced their way east of Lake Huron. They began to drive the settlers and their Indian allies east. They then colonized the region by sending settlers east, south, and north. They are known as the Wabanaki or Abenaki, Shawnee, and Chipewyan. Not Ojibwe, Ottawa, and Potawatomi. However, in the 16th century, an earlier migration of Chippewa's from the Montana region, had already forced their way to this same region. It was not as massive an invasion as the 17th century invasion. | As a result of the white settlements into the area east of Lake Huron, many were sent east to support the eastern Chippewas in the wars against the settlers and their Indian allies. By the 1660s, the Saulteaux Ojibwa's had forced their way east of Lake Huron. They began to drive the settlers and their Indian allies east. They then colonized the region by sending settlers east, south, and north. They are known as the Wabanaki or Abenaki, Shawnee, and Chipewyan. Not Ojibwe, Ottawa, and Potawatomi. However, in the 16th century, an earlier migration of Chippewa's from the Montana region, had already forced their way to this same region. It was not as massive an invasion as the 17th century invasion. | ||
==== 18th century: | ==== 18th century: ==== | ||
Wars between the First Nations Peoples and the European settlers became more frequent and more deadly. By 1795 (after the Battle of Fallen Timbers) the Saulteaux living east of Lake Superior and north of Lake Huron, began leaving the area. Some migrated up to northern Quebec. Most migrated north of Lake Superior then to the west. | Wars between the First Nations Peoples and the European settlers became more frequent and more deadly. By 1795 (after the Battle of Fallen Timbers) the Saulteaux living east of Lake Superior and north of Lake Huron, began leaving the area. Some migrated up to northern Quebec. Most migrated north of Lake Superior then to the west. | ||
==== 19th century: | ==== 19th century: ==== | ||
Many Saulteaux Indians had migrated into northwestern Ontario then southern Manitoba. They probably participated in the [[Pemmican War|Pemmican War]] which was a part of the [[Canada in the War of 1812|War of 1812]]. By the 1860s, they were realizing they had to migrate again. Under the leadership of Saulteaux leaders [[Chief Yellow Quill|Chief Yellow Quill]], his sub-chief [[Chief Kinistin|Chief Kinistin]], [[Chief John Smith|Chief John Smith]] and his brother [[Chief James Smith|Chief James Smith]], the diasporas commenced. From southern Manitoba, they migrated into southeastern and central Saskatchewan. Other Chippewa leaders who followed prophecy and led migrations were [[Chief Kahkhagooguns|Chief Kahkhagooguns]] and [[Chief Napaneegwan|Chief Napaneegwan]]. Both leaders did as instructed and led the Saulteaux people to northern British Columbia, from southern Manitoba. | Many Saulteaux Indians had migrated into northwestern Ontario then southern Manitoba. They probably participated in the [[Pemmican War|Pemmican War]] which was a part of the [[Canada in the War of 1812|War of 1812]]. By the 1860s, they were realizing they had to migrate again. Under the leadership of Saulteaux leaders [[Chief Yellow Quill|Chief Yellow Quill]], his sub-chief [[Chief Kinistin|Chief Kinistin]], [[Chief John Smith|Chief John Smith]] and his brother [[Chief James Smith|Chief James Smith]], the diasporas commenced. From southern Manitoba, they migrated into southeastern and central Saskatchewan. Other Chippewa leaders who followed prophecy and led migrations were [[Chief Kahkhagooguns|Chief Kahkhagooguns]] and [[Chief Napaneegwan|Chief Napaneegwan]]. Both leaders did as instructed and led the Saulteaux people to northern British Columbia, from southern Manitoba. | ||
Chief Kinistin led many Saulteaux people up to northern Manitoba and northern Saskatchewan. They merged with the Chippewa's native to those regions. They also migrated into Alberta then British Columbia and the Northwest Territories, including what is now [[Nunavut Genealogy|Nunavut]]. | Chief Kinistin led many Saulteaux people up to northern Manitoba and northern Saskatchewan. They merged with the Chippewa's native to those regions. They also migrated into Alberta then British Columbia and the Northwest Territories, including what is now [[Nunavut Genealogy|Nunavut]]. | ||
=== Leaders: === | === Leaders: === | ||