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Saulteaux: Difference between revisions
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Surprisingly, Copway wrote that Minnesota served as a starting off point. Copway learned that a general council was held where Minneapolis-St. Paul is (Falls of St. Anthony) to distribute land to the Ojibwa's. He also wrote that the Ojibwa east of Lake Superior, considered the Minnesota region to be the land of their forefathers. | Surprisingly, Copway wrote that Minnesota served as a starting off point. Copway learned that a general council was held where Minneapolis-St. Paul is (Falls of St. Anthony) to distribute land to the Ojibwa's. He also wrote that the Ojibwa east of Lake Superior, considered the Minnesota region to be the land of their forefathers. | ||
Not very long after the western Chippewas colonized the region east of Lakes Superior and Huron, they began to move westward. It was their Seven Fires Prophecy which forced them to leave for western lands. Among them were the Amikwa | Not very long after the western Chippewas colonized the region east of Lakes Superior and Huron, they began to move westward. It was their Seven Fires Prophecy which forced them to leave for western lands. Among them were the Amikwa Chippewas who are also known as the Nez Perce. They are the Nez Perce of Idaho, Montana, Oregon, and Washington. Amikwa means Beavers in Anishinabe. The Beaver Tribe including the Kaska, Sekani and Tahltan of British Columbia, are the Amikwa Chippewas. | ||
According to the 1832 Edinburgh Encyclopedia, the Athabascan People or Dene People including the Apache, Chipewyan, and Navajo, are Algonquin. They speak Algonquian. Click this [http://books.google.com/books?id=QLVkuSgdGi8C&pg=PA33&lpg=PA33&dq=strongbow+indian+tribe+and+chipewyan&source=bl&ots=KweSF3b9ab&sig=mYq_GzjL5xWRQYztic6J_a6TCB8&hl=en&sa=X&ei=hsvfUs_oKsaAogSMp4CwBQ&ved=0CCQQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=strongbow%20indian%20tribe%20and%20chipewyan&f=false books.google.com/books] link to read the 1832 Edinburgh Encyclopedia. A website about the Algonquin's is [http://www.wilkesweb.us/algonquin/nations.htm www.wilkesweb.us/algonquin/nations.htm] here. You'll find the information about the Amikwa Chippewas at their website. | According to the 1832 Edinburgh Encyclopedia, the Athabascan People or Dene People including the Apache, Chipewyan, and Navajo, are Algonquin. They speak Algonquian. Click this [http://books.google.com/books?id=QLVkuSgdGi8C&pg=PA33&lpg=PA33&dq=strongbow+indian+tribe+and+chipewyan&source=bl&ots=KweSF3b9ab&sig=mYq_GzjL5xWRQYztic6J_a6TCB8&hl=en&sa=X&ei=hsvfUs_oKsaAogSMp4CwBQ&ved=0CCQQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=strongbow%20indian%20tribe%20and%20chipewyan&f=false books.google.com/books] link to read the 1832 Edinburgh Encyclopedia. A website about the Algonquin's is [http://www.wilkesweb.us/algonquin/nations.htm www.wilkesweb.us/algonquin/nations.htm] here. You'll find the information about the Amikwa Chippewas at their website. | ||
Our focus will be on the Saulteaux Indians of the Lake Superior region and exactly where their migration ended. From the Sault Ste. Marie region, they followed an old road north of Lake Superior which led to where Winnipeg, Manitoba is now situated. This same road led into what is now Saskatchewan then to what is now Edmonton, Alberta. It then branched off to where the Saulteau First Nations are located in British Columbia. That is where Moberly Lake is. Before the road reached Moberly Lake, it branched off where Dawson Creek, British Columbia is. It led up to where Fort Nelson, British Columbia is now. | |||
Another branch of this same old road, branched off near Dawson Creek and extended into central British Columbia. From there, it led to where Prince Rupert, British Columbia is. The whites now call this old road the Highway of Tears. The Chippewas probably named the road | Another branch of this same old road, branched off near Dawson Creek and extended into central British Columbia. From there, it led to where Prince Rupert, British Columbia is. The whites now call this old road the Highway of Tears. The Chippewas probably named the road Trail of Tears. Similar to the Trail of Tears in the United States which is now known as route 66. | ||
Other branches of the Ojibwa Nation are the Little Shell, Pembina, and Saginaw. The Saulteaux lived north of them, excepting the Pembina who historians probably classify as being Saulteaux. To identify the Saulteaux Indians, information about the Little Shell, Pembina, and Saginaw must be separate so the information about the Saulteaux can be distinct. | Other branches of the Ojibwa Nation are the Little Shell, Pembina, and Saginaw. The Saulteaux lived north of them, excepting the Pembina who historians probably classify as being Saulteaux. To identify the Saulteaux Indians, information about the Little Shell, Pembina, and Saginaw must be separate so the information about the Saulteaux can be distinct. | ||
The Saulteaux District bordered the [[Pembina Band of Chippewa Indians]] District and the [[Little Shell Band of Chippewa Indians, Montana]] District. It starts just north of Lake Huron and includes land to the south in southern Ontario and Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin. It includes northern Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan and extends into Alberta. It includes land in northern Montana, east of the Rocky Mountains. It also included much of British Columbia, particularly northern British Columbia. Another Chippewa District was probably located in southern British Columbia. | |||
Only Reservations | Only Reservations and Reserves, in Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Northwest Territories, Yukon, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, North Dakota, Montana, Idaho, Washington, and Oklahoma will be included. Historians have written that the [[Cree Indians|Cree Indians]] made no use of totems or clans. If that was correct it will signify that they are not Algonquian. However, it is known that the [[Swampy Cree|Swampy Cree]] and [[Woodland Cree|Woodland Cree]] used totems or clans. Woodland Cree are obviously Saulteaux. Their history is a fragmented one. | ||
==== 17th century: ==== | ==== 17th century: ==== | ||
As a result of the white settlements into the area east of Lake Huron, many were sent east to support the eastern Chippewas in the wars against the whites and their Indian allies. By the 1660s, the Saulteaux Ojibwa's had forced their way east of Lake Huron. They began to drive the whites and their Indian allies east. They then colonized the region by sending settlers east, south, and north. They are known as the Wabanaki or Abenaki, Shawnee, and Chipewyan. Not Ojibwe, Ottawa, and Potawatomi. However, in the 16th century, an earlier migration of Chippewa's from the Montana region, had already forced their way to this same region. It was not as massive an invasion as the 17th century invasion. | |||
==== 18th century: ==== | ==== 18th century: ==== | ||
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It is believed that chief Egushawa or Agashaway, was possibly related to chief Pontiac. Chief Agashaway may have been the highest ranking Saulteaux Ojibwa military commander during the 1774-1794 War. He may have sent the Indian soldiers to the Virginia region to fight the whites, in 1774. After the 1768 Treaty of Fort Stanwix, white settlers crept into the Kentucky region. Saulteaux Ojibwa leaders knew what their future foretold and were anxious to retaliate. <br> | It is believed that chief Egushawa or Agashaway, was possibly related to chief Pontiac. Chief Agashaway may have been the highest ranking Saulteaux Ojibwa military commander during the 1774-1794 War. He may have sent the Indian soldiers to the Virginia region to fight the whites, in 1774. After the 1768 Treaty of Fort Stanwix, white settlers crept into the Kentucky region. Saulteaux Ojibwa leaders knew what their future foretold and were anxious to retaliate. <br> | ||
Saulteaux Ojibwa soldiers killed and took captive, many of the white invaders. In 1774, the whites rose up in open rebellion. It's known as the American Revolutionary War. Chief Agashaway led the war from the Michigan region. The strategy of the Saulteaux Ojibwa military was to kill as many of the whites as possible. Both civilian and military. Saulteaux Ojibwa military commanders sent their soldiers east to fight the whites. Their weapons were bows and arrows. | Saulteaux Ojibwa soldiers killed and took captive, many of the white invaders. In 1774, the whites rose up in open rebellion. It's known as the American Revolutionary War. Chief Agashaway led the war from the Michigan region. The strategy of the Saulteaux Ojibwa military was to kill as many of the whites as possible. Both civilian and military. Saulteaux Ojibwa military commanders sent their soldiers east to fight the whites. Their weapons were bows and arrows. | ||
However, they used gun powder during their wars. They probably learned early on how to make their own gun powder. They may have had cannons (probably taken from the whites) yet they knew gun powder could be used in other ways. So during the 1774-1794 War, they frequently attacked locations where the whites had ample supplies of gun powder. They did so for two reasons. To increase their gun powder supplies and decrease the gun powder supplies of their white enemies. | However, they used gun powder during their wars. They probably learned early on how to make their own gun powder. They may have had cannons (probably taken from the whites) yet they knew gun powder could be used in other ways. So during the 1774-1794 War, they frequently attacked locations where the whites had ample supplies of gun powder. They did so for two reasons. To increase their gun powder supplies and decrease the gun powder supplies of their white enemies. | ||