Brothertown Indian Nation: Difference between revisions

''[[United States|United States]] [[Image:Gotoarrow.png]] [[American Indian Genealogy|American Indian Research]] [[Image:Gotoarrow.png]] Brothertown Indians''  

Guide to '''{{PAGENAME}} ancestry, family history and genealogy:''' birth records, marriage records, death records, census records, parish registers, and military records.

18th Century: Algonquian Tribes living in the region east of [[Indians_of_New_York|New York]] State, commenced to relocate to north central New York State where they sought refugee among the Algonquin's and Iroquois of that region. Historians claim they were primarily Mohegan and Pequot but also included Algonquian's from the Narragansett, Montauk, Niantic, and Tunxis. Many of them were converts to Christianity which made them alien to the more powerful Algonquin's. Their willingness to accept Christianity was not welcomed by the Algonquin's of New York State. From the late 18th century to the beginning of the 19th century, two groups emerged. One were traditional, while the other were more open to contact with the whites. Many of the more open Indians were mixed bloods. The whites often negotiated with them instead of the traditional group. The traditional group merged with the Algonquin's of New York State.  

Early 19th Century: A period of great unrest corrupted the Brothertown Indians as the whites were forcing their way ever to the west. The two groups of Brothertown Indians became unwilling to cooperate. The traditionalist wanted to follow the Seven Fires Prophecy and migrate to the west away from the whites, while the more open group wanted to remain. Another group emerged from the more open Brothertown Indians. They were largely mixed bloods who favored joining the whites. The Brothertown Indians settled down to live on the New York Iroquois Reservations. Among the [[Iroquois_Confederacy|Iroquois]] were many who were also traditionalists as well as those predominantly Algonquin blood.  

1815: The War of 1812 ended. Leaders from the traditionalists merged with the Algonquin's, while the more open group became neutral. Many from the more open group settle down to live on the New York State Iroquois Reservations with the Algonquin's and Iroquois. During the Revolutionary War, many of the New York State Algonquin's, Iroquois, and Brothertown Indians were allowed to relocate to Algonquin land in southern Ontario, by the Algonquin's of that region who are also known as the [[Chippewa_Indians|Chippewa's]], Mississauga's, [[Ojibwa_Indians|Ojibwa's]], Ottawa's,[[Potawatomi_Indians|Potawatom]]i's, Saginaw's, and Swan Creek and Black River Chippewa's. The Algonquin's and Brothertown Indians who remained to live on the New York State Iroquois Reservation's, were forced to assimilate among the Iroquois.  

1821: An 860,000 acre Reservation was set aside for the Brothertown Indians and Iroquois, on Algonquin (Menominee) land in [[Indians_of_Wisconsin|Wisconsin]].  

1838: On January 15, 1838 many of the Brothertown traditionalists and their Iroquois allies, signed a treaty with the United States in which many of the New York Reservations which had been set aside years earlier, were eradicated. Several of the Reservations were located within Algonquin (Chippewa) territory, and in the Niagara Falls region. One is known as the Buffalo Creek Reservation. Reservations which were closed: Niagara County Reservation, [[Tuscarora_Indian_Reservation_(New_York)|Tuscarora Reservation]], [[Cattaraugus_Indian_Reservation_(New_York)|Cattaraugus Reservation]], [[Allegany_Indian_Reservation_(New_York)|Allegany Reservation]], and [[Tonawanda_Indian_Reservation_(New_York)|Tonawanda Reservation]]. However, the strong Chippewa presence kept the Reservations in place with, however, much of the Reservations lands being lost to the whites.<br> The United States did not want anymore Indians migrating to the west. They knew future trouble would occur. Only the Buffalo Creek Reservation was lost except 9 acres. The 1838 treaty also included the Brothertown Indians and Iroquois of Wisconsin. Many of the New York State and Wisconsin Brothertown Indians, joined with the Chippewa's and Iroquois and migrated to [[Indians_of_Kansas|Kansas]] and [[Indians_of_Oklahoma|Oklahoma]], in 1838-1839. Their descendants still live in Kansas and Oklahoma.  

[[Allegany_Indian_Reservation_(New_York)|Allegany Reservation of New York]].  

[[Cattaraugus_Indian_Reservation_(New_York)|Cattaraugus Reservation of New York]].  

[[St._Regis_Indian_Reservation_(New_York)|St. Regis Reservation of New York]].  

[[Tonawanda_Indian_Reservation_(New_York)|Tonawanda Reservation of New York]].  

[[Tuscarora_Indian_Reservation_(New_York)|Tuscarora Reservation of New York]].  

==== Additional References to the History of the Tribe  ====

<br> '''Correspondence'''  

| [[Green_Bay_Indian_Agency_(Wisconsin)|Green Bay (Menominee) Agency]], 1824-1961  

| [[Six_Nations_Indian_Agency_(New_York)|Six Nations Agency]], 1824-34  

=== References ===

==== Bibliography ====

 

 

 

 

*Waldman, Carl. ''Encyclopedia of Native American Tribes''. New York, New York: Facts on File, 2006. 3rd ed. [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/14718193?referer=list_view WorldCat 14718193]; {{FHL|1465222|title-id|disp=FHL book 970.1 W146e 2006}}.

[[Category:New_York_Indian_Tribes]] [[Category:Wisconsin_Indian_Tribes]]