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Below are some key dates and events in German history: | Below are some key dates and events in German history: | ||
*'''1517:''' Protestant Reformation. The first significant non-Catholic religions begin in Germany. | *'''1517:''' Protestant Reformation. The first significant non-Catholic religions begin in Germany. | ||
*'''1524:'''Protestant church records begin in Nürnberg. | *'''1524:'''Protestant church records begin in Nürnberg. | ||
*'''1563:''' Council of Trent. Catholic priests are ordered to start keeping baptism and marriage records. | *'''1563:''' Council of Trent. Catholic priests are ordered to start keeping baptism and marriage records. | ||
*'''1583:''' Catholic areas begin using the Gregorian calendar. | *'''1583:''' Catholic areas begin using the Gregorian calendar. | ||
*'''1618:'''Thirty Years' War. Many records are burned. | *'''1618:'''Thirty Years' War. Many records are burned. | ||
*'''1622:'''The Pfalz suffers great destruction in the war. | *'''1622:'''The Pfalz suffers great destruction in the war. | ||
*'''1648:''' Treaty of Westphalia ends Thirty Years' War. Many borders are shifted. | *'''1648:''' Treaty of Westphalia ends Thirty Years' War. Many borders are shifted. | ||
*'''1683:''' The first permanent German settlement in the United States is founded at Germantown, Pennsylvania. | *'''1683:''' The first permanent German settlement in the United States is founded at Germantown, Pennsylvania. | ||
*'''1700'''<nowiki>: The last German Protestant areas finally switch to the Gregorian calendar.</nowiki> | *'''1700'''<nowiki>: The last German Protestant areas finally switch to the Gregorian calendar.</nowiki> | ||
*'''1709:''' Large numbers of emigrants, called Palatines [Pfälzer], leave the Pfalz region of Germany for England and America. | *'''1709:''' Large numbers of emigrants, called Palatines [Pfälzer], leave the Pfalz region of Germany for England and America. | ||
*'''1722:''' Austro-Hungarian monarchs begin inviting Germans to settle parts of their empire. | *'''1722:''' Austro-Hungarian monarchs begin inviting Germans to settle parts of their empire. | ||
*'''1742:''' Prussia (Preußen) annexes Silesia (Schlesien). | *'''1742:''' Prussia (Preußen) annexes Silesia (Schlesien). | ||
*'''1763:''' Catherine the Great begins inviting Germans to settle in Russia. | *'''1763:''' Catherine the Great begins inviting Germans to settle in Russia. | ||
*'''1772:''' First Partition of Poland: Prussia annexes West Prussia. | *'''1772:''' First Partition of Poland: Prussia annexes West Prussia. | ||
*'''1792:''' France starts civil registration west of the Rhein. Some church records are interrupted. | *'''1792:''' France starts civil registration west of the Rhein. Some church records are interrupted. | ||
*'''1793:''' Second Partition of Poland: Prussia annexes Posen province and parts to the east. | *'''1793:''' Second Partition of Poland: Prussia annexes Posen province and parts to the east. | ||
*'''1795:''' Third Partition of Poland: Prussia annexes most of the rest of today's Poland, incl. Warsaw, Bialystok and parts of Lithuania. | *'''1795:''' Third Partition of Poland: Prussia annexes most of the rest of today's Poland, incl. Warsaw, Bialystok and parts of Lithuania. | ||
*'''1795:''' Napoleon begins to conquer most of Europe. | *'''1795:''' Napoleon begins to conquer most of Europe. Civil registration introduced in parts of Germany held by France. Jews treated as citizens, encouraged to adopt fixed surnames. | ||
*'''1806:''' Europe reorganized under Napoleonic design. "Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation" no longer exists, replaced by Austrian (later Austro-Hungarian) Empire and various kingdoms and principalities across Germany. Prussia is defeated; loses almost all territories from Partitions. | *'''1806:''' Europe reorganized under Napoleonic design. "Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation" no longer exists, replaced by Austrian (later Austro-Hungarian) Empire and various kingdoms and principalities across Germany. Prussia is defeated; loses almost all territories from Partitions. | ||
*'''1812:''' Emancipation of Prussian Jews. Surname adoption mandatory. Jewish vital records kept by local governments.<br> | *'''1812:''' Emancipation of Prussian Jews. Surname adoption mandatory. Jewish vital records kept by local governments.<br> | ||
*'''1814:''' Napoleon weakens. German states begin to reorganize under the leadership of Preussen. | *'''1814:''' Napoleon weakens. German states begin to reorganize under the leadership of Preussen. | ||
*'''1815:''' Congress of Vienna effectively sets most of Europe's national boundaries for the next century. | *'''1815:''' Congress of Vienna effectively sets most of Europe's national boundaries for the next century. | ||
*'''1828:''' Patronymic naming is abolished in Schleswig-Holstein (then part of Denmark). | *'''1828:''' Patronymic naming is abolished in Schleswig-Holstein (then part of Denmark). | ||
*'''1833:''' Prussia offers citizenship to some of Posen's Jews.<br> | *'''1833:''' Prussia offers citizenship to some of Posen's Jews.<br> | ||
*'''1848'''<nowiki>: German Revolution. Emigration to the United States increases.</nowiki> | *'''1848'''<nowiki>: German Revolution. Emigration to the United States increases.</nowiki> | ||
*'''1850:'''The Hamburg passenger lists begin to document the origins or places of residence of Europeans leaving for the Americas, Africa, and Australia. | *'''1850:'''The Hamburg passenger lists begin to document the origins or places of residence of Europeans leaving for the Americas, Africa, and Australia. | ||
*'''1864'''<nowiki>: Preussen conquers Schleswig-Holstein.</nowiki> | *'''1864'''<nowiki>: Preussen conquers Schleswig-Holstein.</nowiki> | ||
*'''1871:'''Franco-Prussian War ends. Elsaß-Lothringen comes under German rule. German Empire established as a single nation state.<br> | *'''1871:'''Franco-Prussian War ends. Elsaß-Lothringen comes under German rule. German Empire established as a single nation state.<br> | ||
*'''1874:'''Preußen introduces civil registration. | *'''1874:'''Preußen introduces civil registration. | ||
*'''1876:''' Civil registration is required throughout Germany and begins wherever it is not already in effect. | *'''1876:''' Civil registration is required throughout Germany and begins wherever it is not already in effect. | ||
*'''1914''': World War I begins. | *'''1914''': World War I begins. | ||
*'''11 November 1918:'''World War I ends. Elsaß-Lothringen (Alsace-Lorraine) is returned to France. Northern Schleswig-Holstein returned to Denmark. Posen and parts of Schlesien and Westpreußen are ceded to Poland. Northern tip of Ostpreußen goes to Lithuania. | *'''11 November 1918:'''World War I ends. Elsaß-Lothringen (Alsace-Lorraine) is returned to France. Northern Schleswig-Holstein returned to Denmark. Posen and parts of Schlesien and Westpreußen are ceded to Poland. Northern tip of Ostpreußen goes to Lithuania. | ||
*'''1 September 1939:''' World War II begins. | *'''1 September 1939:''' World War II begins. | ||
*'''7 May 1945:''' World War II ends. Ostpreußen divided between Poland and Russia. All other German territories east of the Oder-Neisse line ceded to Poland: Hinterpommern, Westpreußen, Neumark region of Brandenburg and Schlesien come under Polish administration. | *'''7 May 1945:''' World War II ends. Ostpreußen divided between Poland and Russia. All other German territories east of the Oder-Neisse line ceded to Poland: Hinterpommern, Westpreußen, Neumark region of Brandenburg and Schlesien come under Polish administration. | ||
The Family History Library has many published national, regional, provincial, and local histories for Germany. You can find histories in the Family History Library Catalog under: | The Family History Library has many published national, regional, provincial, and local histories for Germany. You can find histories in the Family History Library Catalog under: | ||
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'''French Republican Calendar.''' From 1793 to 1805, many parts of Germany under French control used the French Republican calendar. This calendar was based on the founding of the French Republic, and its days and months were unrelated to the Gregorian calendar. For details see the Family History Library publication French Republican Calendar research outline. | '''French Republican Calendar.''' From 1793 to 1805, many parts of Germany under French control used the French Republican calendar. This calendar was based on the founding of the French Republic, and its days and months were unrelated to the Gregorian calendar. For details see the Family History Library publication French Republican Calendar research outline. | ||
{{Place|Germany}} | {{Place|Germany}} | ||
[[Category:Germany]] | |||
[[Category:Germany|History]] [[Category:Timeline|Germany History]] | |||