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Citation style guides can help you capture all the information about a source that is necessary for you and others to evaluate the quality of the source, to relocate your source, and sometimes to find the source from which your source was derived. Practically speaking, users of the latest genealogy software may feel no need for citation guides because the software prompts users to enter specific source information into forms. The program then formats citations according to its interpretation of the chosen citation style. Conversely, style guides are necessary when using software that does not have forms for the many different types of sources used by genealogists, or when you need a better understanding of the materials you are using. | Citation style guides can help you capture all the information about a source that is necessary for you and others to evaluate the quality of the source, to relocate your source, and sometimes to find the source from which your source was derived. Practically speaking, users of the latest genealogy software may feel no need for citation guides because the software prompts users to enter specific source information into forms. The program then formats citations according to its interpretation of the chosen citation style. Conversely, style guides are necessary when using software that does not have forms for the many different types of sources used by genealogists, or when you need a better understanding of the materials you are using. | ||
= The Basics | == The Basics == | ||
One citation style used by genealogical and historical researchers in the United States is Evidence Style, developed by Elizabeth Shown Mills. It is an extension of Chicago Style, as set forth in the classic writer's guide to style issues, [http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html Chicago Manual of Style]. Chicago Style is adequate for citing most published sources. Evidence Style follows Chicago's general framework but adapts and extends it to cover historical documents and artifacts in many variant forms, a significant issue for those who work with original records. Evidence Style is detailed in the book ''Evidence Explained''<ref>Elizabeth Shown Mills, ''Evidence Explained: Citing History Sources from Artifacts to Cyberspace'' (Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2007).</ref> and in a companion series of QuickSheets. | One citation style used by genealogical and historical researchers in the United States is Evidence Style, developed by Elizabeth Shown Mills. It is an extension of Chicago Style, as set forth in the classic writer's guide to style issues, [http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html Chicago Manual of Style]. Chicago Style is adequate for citing most published sources. Evidence Style follows Chicago's general framework but adapts and extends it to cover historical documents and artifacts in many variant forms, a significant issue for those who work with original records. Evidence Style is detailed in the book ''Evidence Explained''<ref>Elizabeth Shown Mills, ''Evidence Explained: Citing History Sources from Artifacts to Cyberspace'' (Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2007).</ref> and in a companion series of QuickSheets. | ||
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#'''Source label. '''This is the citation that should appear in the margin, on the front of all photocopies and prints of original records; it should also accompany all transcriptions and abstracts. Evidence Style does not dictate whether the researcher format a label as a Source List Entry or a Reference Note. Suffice it to say, the citation should be complete in case the page is shared independently of other documents.<ref>Mills, ''Evidence Explained,'' 43, 66-7.</ref><br> | #'''Source label. '''This is the citation that should appear in the margin, on the front of all photocopies and prints of original records; it should also accompany all transcriptions and abstracts. Evidence Style does not dictate whether the researcher format a label as a Source List Entry or a Reference Note. Suffice it to say, the citation should be complete in case the page is shared independently of other documents.<ref>Mills, ''Evidence Explained,'' 43, 66-7.</ref><br> | ||
= Examples = | == Examples == | ||
Some examples are shown with each citation element labeled. Don't forget to include the punctuation at the end of each element. Some examples are shown as they normally appear, except for indenting. The numbers 1 and 11 are illustrative only and are used for the first reference note and subsequent reference note, respectively.<br> | Some examples are shown with each citation element labeled. Don't forget to include the punctuation at the end of each element. Some examples are shown as they normally appear, except for indenting. The numbers 1 and 11 are illustrative only and are used for the first reference note and subsequent reference note, respectively.<br> | ||
== Published Works == | === Published Works === | ||
=== Simple Book<ref>Mills, ''Evidence Explained,'' 646.</ref> === | ==== Simple Book<ref>Mills, ''Evidence Explained,'' 646.</ref> ==== | ||
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<br> | <br> | ||
=== Multiple authors<ref>Mills, ''Evidence Explained,'' 669-70.</ref><br> === | ==== Multiple authors<ref>Mills, ''Evidence Explained,'' 669-70.</ref><br> ==== | ||
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=== Editor instead of author === | ==== Editor instead of author ==== | ||
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=== Revised edition<ref>Mills, ''Evidence Explained,'' 649.</ref> === | ==== Revised edition<ref>Mills, ''Evidence Explained,'' 649.</ref> ==== | ||
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=== Journal article<ref>Mills, ''Evidence Explained,'' 779-780, 791-8.</ref> === | ==== Journal article<ref>Mills, ''Evidence Explained,'' 779-780, 791-8.</ref> ==== | ||
This example is online. For a paper source, leave off the elements starting with "online archives." No change is required for the short note. | This example is online. For a paper source, leave off the elements starting with "online archives." No change is required for the short note. | ||
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<br> | <br> | ||
== FamilySearch Sources == | === FamilySearch Sources === | ||
=== Historical Books === | ==== Historical Books ==== | ||
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<br> | <br> | ||
=== | ==== FamilySearch Family Tree ==== | ||
insert example here | insert example here | ||
=== Record Search Collection === | ==== Record Search Collection ==== | ||
insert example here | insert example here | ||
= Citation Principles = | == Citation Principles == | ||
It can be difficult to construct a citation when no matching example is given unless you know the underlying [[Citation Principles|citation principles]]. Users of Evidence Style can find, in ''Evidence Explained'', a synopsis of all principles common to historical research and writing as well as guidance on issues peculiar to specific types of records. | It can be difficult to construct a citation when no matching example is given unless you know the underlying [[Citation Principles|citation principles]]. Users of Evidence Style can find, in ''Evidence Explained'', a synopsis of all principles common to historical research and writing as well as guidance on issues peculiar to specific types of records. | ||
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<br> | <br> | ||
= Differences from Chicago Manual of Style = | == Differences from Chicago Manual of Style == | ||
Differences between Evidence Style and Chicago Style may be considered acceptable alternatives, improved practice, or minor deviations.The major difference in the two guides is this: | Differences between Evidence Style and Chicago Style may be considered acceptable alternatives, improved practice, or minor deviations.The major difference in the two guides is this: | ||
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*Evidence Style allows an optional space after the colon separating volume and page numbers.<ref>Mills, ''Evidence Explained,'' 77.</ref> CMS, on the other hand, specifies that no space be present. "But when parenthetical information intervenes,"<ref>''CMS'' 15th ed., 692.</ref> such as "12 (Winter): 345" then a space after the colon is required for clarity. | *Evidence Style allows an optional space after the colon separating volume and page numbers.<ref>Mills, ''Evidence Explained,'' 77.</ref> CMS, on the other hand, specifies that no space be present. "But when parenthetical information intervenes,"<ref>''CMS'' 15th ed., 692.</ref> such as "12 (Winter): 345" then a space after the colon is required for clarity. | ||
= Notes<br> = | == Notes<br> == | ||
<references /><br> | <references /><br> | ||
[[Category:Citations]] | [[Category:Citations]] | ||