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Latin Genealogical Word List: Difference between revisions
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This list contains Latin words with their English translations. The words included here are those that you are likely to find in genealogical sources. If the word (or some form of it) that you are looking for is not on this list, please consult a Latin-English dictionary. (See the "Additional Resources" section below.) | This list contains Latin words with their English translations. The words included here are those that you are likely to find in genealogical sources. If the word (or some form of it) that you are looking for is not on this list, please consult a Latin-English dictionary. (See the "Additional Resources" section below.) | ||
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Latin was used in the records of most European countries and in the Roman Catholic records of the United States and Canada. Because Latin was used in so many countries, local usage varied. Certain terms were commonly used in some countries but not in others. In addition, the Latin used in British records has more abbreviations than the Latin used in European records. | Latin was used in the records of most European countries and in the Roman Catholic records of the United States and Canada. Because Latin was used in so many countries, local usage varied. Certain terms were commonly used in some countries but not in others. In addition, the Latin used in British records has more abbreviations than the Latin used in European records. | ||
== Language Characteristics == | === Language Characteristics === | ||
=== Variant Forms of Words === | ==== Variant Forms of Words ==== | ||
In Latin, the endings of most words vary according to how the words are used in a sentence. Who—whose— whom or marry—marries—married are examples of words in English with variant forms. This word list gives the most commonly seen form of each Latin word. As you read Latin records, be aware that almost all words vary with usage. | In Latin, the endings of most words vary according to how the words are used in a sentence. Who—whose— whom or marry—marries—married are examples of words in English with variant forms. This word list gives the most commonly seen form of each Latin word. As you read Latin records, be aware that almost all words vary with usage. | ||
=== Gender | ==== Gender ==== | ||
Latin words for persons, places, and things (nouns) are classified as masculine, feminine, or neuter. For example, rex (king) is a masculine word, aetas (age) is a feminine word, and oppidum (town) is a neuter word. | Latin words for persons, places, and things (nouns) are classified as masculine, feminine, or neuter. For example, rex (king) is a masculine word, aetas (age) is a feminine word, and oppidum (town) is a neuter word. | ||
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Similarly, this word list gives only natus est ("he was born"). You can conclude that nata est means "she was born." The plural form nati sunt means "they were born." | Similarly, this word list gives only natus est ("he was born"). You can conclude that nata est means "she was born." The plural form nati sunt means "they were born." | ||
=== Plurals | ==== Plurals ==== | ||
Plural forms of Latin words usually end in -i, -ae, or -es. Thus patrinus (godfather) becomes patrini (godparents), filia (daughter) becomes filiae (daughters), and pater (father) becomes patres (fathers). However, these same endings may also indicate other grammatical changes besides plurality. | Plural forms of Latin words usually end in -i, -ae, or -es. Thus patrinus (godfather) becomes patrini (godparents), filia (daughter) becomes filiae (daughters), and pater (father) becomes patres (fathers). However, these same endings may also indicate other grammatical changes besides plurality. | ||
=== | ==== Grammar ==== | ||
The endings of Latin words can also vary depending on the grammatical use of the words. Latin grammar requires a specific type of ending for a word used as the subject of the sentence, used in the possessive, used as the object of a verb, or used with a preposition. Latin words fall into several classes, each with its own set of grammatical endings. | The endings of Latin words can also vary depending on the grammatical use of the words. Latin grammar requires a specific type of ending for a word used as the subject of the sentence, used in the possessive, used as the object of a verb, or used with a preposition. Latin words fall into several classes, each with its own set of grammatical endings. | ||
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|} | |} | ||
== Spelling == | ==== Spelling ==== | ||
Spelling rules were not standardized in earlier centuries. The following spelling variations are common in Latin documents: | Spelling rules were not standardized in earlier centuries. The following spelling variations are common in Latin documents: | ||
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*quondam or condam | *quondam or condam | ||
== Additional Resources == | === Additional Resources === | ||
This word list includes only the words most commonly found in genealogical sources. For further help, use a Latin-English dictionary. Latin-English dictionaries are available on each floor of the Family History Library. The call numbers begin with 473.21. | This word list includes only the words most commonly found in genealogical sources. For further help, use a Latin-English dictionary. Latin-English dictionaries are available on each floor of the Family History Library. The call numbers begin with 473.21. | ||
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*Temple, Robin Edgel. "Latin for Genealogical Research : A Primer for Record Latin." Thesis (M.A.). Brigham Young University, 1977. (FHL call number 929.1 T247L; edition on FHL fiche 6,070,611.) | *Temple, Robin Edgel. "Latin for Genealogical Research : A Primer for Record Latin." Thesis (M.A.). Brigham Young University, 1977. (FHL call number 929.1 T247L; edition on FHL fiche 6,070,611.) | ||
== Key Words == | === Key Words === | ||
To find and use specific types of Latin records, you will need to know some key words in Latin. This section lists key genealogical terms in English and gives the Latin words that have the same or similar meanings. | To find and use specific types of Latin records, you will need to know some key words in Latin. This section lists key genealogical terms in English and gives the Latin words that have the same or similar meanings. | ||
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| at<br> | | at<br> | ||
| ætatis<br> | | ætatis<br> | ||
| age<ref name="Cussans">John E. Cussans, ''Handbook of Heraldry : With Instructions for Tracing Pedigrees and Deciphering Ancient Mss. : Rules for the Appointment of Liveries &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;c.'' (London: Chatto &amp;amp;amp;amp; Windus, 1893), 283; digital images, Google Books (http://books.google.com/books?id=G6MrAAAAIAAJ : accessed 28 April 2009).</ref><br> | | age<ref name="Cussans">John E. Cussans, ''Handbook of Heraldry : With Instructions for Tracing Pedigrees and Deciphering Ancient Mss. : Rules for the Appointment of Liveries &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;c.'' (London: Chatto &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp; Windus, 1893), 283; digital images, Google Books (http://books.google.com/books?id=G6MrAAAAIAAJ : accessed 28 April 2009).</ref><br> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| c<br> | | c<br> | ||
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<br> | <br> | ||
== External Links == | === External Links === | ||
*[http://www.familysearch.org/eng/search/RG/frameset_rg.asp?Dest=G1&Aid=&Gid=&Lid=&Sid=&Did=&Juris1=&Event=&Year=&Gloss=&Sub=&Tab=&Entry=&Guide=WLLatin.ASP Latin Word List at FamilySearch.org] | *[http://www.familysearch.org/eng/search/RG/frameset_rg.asp?Dest=G1&Aid=&Gid=&Lid=&Sid=&Did=&Juris1=&Event=&Year=&Gloss=&Sub=&Tab=&Entry=&Guide=WLLatin.ASP Latin Word List at FamilySearch.org] | ||
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<br> | <br> | ||
[[Category:Italy]] [[Category:England]] [[Category:Germany]] [[Category:Word_List]] | [[Category:Italy|Latin Word]] [[Category:England|Latin Word]] [[Category:Germany|Latin Word]] [[Category:Word_List|Latin Word List]] | ||