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'''1582''' The Kingdom of Poland adopted the Gregorian calendar. | '''1582''' The Kingdom of Poland adopted the Gregorian calendar. | ||
'''1772 '''First Partition. Russia, Austria, and Prussia each seized one-third of Polish territory (see maps) | '''1772'''First Partition. Russia, Austria, and Prussia each seized one-third of Polish territory (see maps) | ||
'''1793''' Second Partition. Russia obtained one-half of the remaining territory of Poland, and Prussia took Posen | '''1793''' Second Partition. Russia obtained one-half of the remaining territory of Poland, and Prussia took Posen | ||
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'''1793''' Second Partition. Russia obtained one-half of the remaining territory of Poland, and Prussia took Posen. | '''1793''' Second Partition. Russia obtained one-half of the remaining territory of Poland, and Prussia took Posen. | ||
'''1795 '''Third Partition. Polish resistance was overwhelmed, and the remaining Polish territory was divided among Russia, Austria, and Prussia. The Kingdom of Poland ceased to exist. | '''1795'''Third Partition. Polish resistance was overwhelmed, and the remaining Polish territory was divided among Russia, Austria, and Prussia. The Kingdom of Poland ceased to exist. | ||
'''1806–1813''' Napoleonic Era. Napoleon created the Duchy of Warsaw (1806) and the Grand Duchy of Warsaw (1809) from territories previously seized from Prussia and Austria. | '''1806–1813''' Napoleonic Era. Napoleon created the Duchy of Warsaw (1806) and the Grand Duchy of Warsaw (1809) from territories previously seized from Prussia and Austria. | ||
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'''1947''' The Communist party gained full control of the Polish government in state-controlled elections. | '''1947''' The Communist party gained full control of the Polish government in state-controlled elections. | ||
'''1952 '''Poland became a people’s republic on the Soviet model. | '''1952'''Poland became a people’s republic on the Soviet model. | ||
'''1989''' The fall of the Communist regime. Lech Wałęsa was elected president in 1989 in Poland’s first free election. | '''1989''' The fall of the Communist regime. Lech Wałęsa was elected president in 1989 in Poland’s first free election. | ||
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The following historical sources are only a few of the many that are available. Books with film numbers can be ordered through local family history centers. Some may be found in major research libraries. | The following historical sources are only a few of the many that are available. Books with film numbers can be ordered through local family history centers. Some may be found in major research libraries. | ||
''''''Ć''''''wik, Władysław.'' Miasta królewskie Lubelszczyzny w drugiej poł''''owie XVIII wieku'' | ''''''Ć''''''wik, Władysław.''Miasta królewskie Lubelszczyzny w drugiej poł''''owie XVIII wieku'''''''' (Life in the royal cities of the Lublin region of Poland in the second half of the 18th century). Lublin: Wydawnictwo Lubelskie, 1968. (FHL book 943.84 H2c; film 1183619.)''' | ||
Gieysztor, Aleksander.'' History of Poland.'' Warszawa: Polish Scientific Publishers, 1979. (FHL book 943.8 H2gk, FHL film 1181701.) | Gieysztor, Aleksander.''History of Poland.'' Warszawa: Polish Scientific Publishers, 1979. (FHL book 943.8 H2gk, FHL film 1181701.) | ||
Leslie, R. F. ''The History of Poland since 1863. ''New York, New York: Cambridge University Press, 1980. (FHL book 943.8 H2hp.) Includes a bibliography. | Leslie, R. F. ''The History of Poland since 1863.''New York, New York: Cambridge University Press, 1980. (FHL book 943.8 H2hp.) Includes a bibliography. | ||
Topolski, Jerzy. ''An Outline History of Poland.'' Warszawa: Interpress Publishers, 1986. (FHL book 943.8 H2tj.) | Topolski, Jerzy. ''An Outline History of Poland.'' Warszawa: Interpress Publishers, 1986. (FHL book 943.8 H2tj.) | ||
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=== Calendar Changes === | === Calendar Changes === | ||
The Gregorian calendar is the calendar in common use in the world today. It is a correction of the Julian calendar that had been in use since 46 B.C. Leap years had been miscalculated in the Julian calendar, so by 1582 the calendar was 10 days behind the solar year. Most Catholic countries, including the Kingdom of Poland, began using the Gregorian calendar in 1582. In Protestant areas of | The Gregorian calendar is the calendar in common use in the world today. It is a correction of the Julian calendar that had been in use since 46 B.C. Leap years had been miscalculated in the Julian calendar, so by 1582 the calendar was 10 days behind the solar year. Most Catholic countries, including the Kingdom of Poland, began using the Gregorian calendar in 1582. In Protestant areas of western Poland, the switch from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar took place in 1700. | ||
In Congress Poland, where Russian administration affected record keeping, the Julian calendar was generally used. Often both the Gregorian and the Julian dates were used on documents, the Julian date being listed first, which may make the records confusing to novice researchers. When both dates are given, use the Gregorian date for your record keeping. The Julian calendar was no longer used after 1918. By then the two calendars were 12 days apart. | In Congress Poland, where Russian administration affected record keeping, the Julian calendar was generally used. Often both the Gregorian and the Julian dates were used on documents, the Julian date being listed first, which may make the records confusing to novice researchers. When both dates are given, use the Gregorian date for your record keeping. The Julian calendar was no longer used after 1918. By then the two calendars were 12 days apart. | ||
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http://www.virtuti.com/order/ | http://www.virtuti.com/order/ | ||
http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/vjw/Poland.html | http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/vjw/Poland.html | ||
[[Category:Poland]] | |||