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Back to [[Germany|Germany Page]]►  
Back to [[Germany|Germany]]►
 
Back to [[Austria|Austria]]►  


<br>Most materials used in German research are written in German. However, you do not need to speak or read German to do research in German records. You will need to know some key words and phrases to understand the records.  
<br>Most materials used in German research are written in German. However, you do not need to speak or read German to do research in German records. You will need to know some key words and phrases to understand the records.  
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Because of Germany's history, you may also find several other languages in German records. Latin was frequently used in Roman Catholic church records. French was often used in Elsaß-Lothringen and during the French domination of the area west of the Rhein river (1806-1815). Danish was used in much of Schleswig-Holstein until Preußen annexed that area in 1864.  
Because of Germany's history, you may also find several other languages in German records. Latin was frequently used in Roman Catholic church records. French was often used in Elsaß-Lothringen and during the French domination of the area west of the Rhein river (1806-1815). Danish was used in much of Schleswig-Holstein until Preußen annexed that area in 1864.  


Click here for information on the [https://www.familysearch.org/learn/wiki/en/Low_German_Language_in_German_Research Low German language] or here&nbsp;for [[Languages in the Lower Rhine Area of Germany|languages in the Lower Rhine area]] or here for [[Spellings Variants in the Northern Rheinland|spelling variation in the northern Rhine]] area.&nbsp;
See also:  


German grammar may affect the way names appear in genealogical records, so your ancestor's name in German may vary from record to record. For help in understanding name variations, see the “Names, Personal” section.  
*[[Low German Language in German Research|Low German language]]
*[[Languages in the Lower Rhine Area of Germany|languages in the Lower Rhine area]]
*[[Spellings Variants in the Northern Rheinland|Spelling variation in the northern Rhine]] area.


Click here for information on how [[The Dialect Basis of Spelling Variation in German Surnames|dialects affect German names]].  
German grammar may affect the way names appear in genealogical records, so your ancestor's name in German may vary from record to record. For help in understanding name variations, see the “Names, Personal” section and [[The Dialect Basis of Spelling Variation in German Surnames|Affect of dialects on German surnames]].  


Click here for information on [[Spelling Variations in German Documents|spelling variations in German documents]].  
See also: [[Spelling Variations in German Documents|spelling variations in German documents]].  


=== Language Aids  ===
=== Language Aids  ===


<br>FamilySearch Wiki has genealogical word lists for: [[Danish Word List]] [[French Wordlist|French Word List]] [[German Word List]] [[Poland Genealogical Word List|Polish Genealogical Word List]] [[Portuguese Genealogical Word List]]  
FamilySearch Wiki has genealogical word lists for:  
 
*[[Danish Word List]]  
*[[French Wordlist|French Word List]]  
*[[German Word List]]  
*[[Poland Genealogical Word List|Polish Genealogical Word List]]  
*[[Portuguese Genealogical Word List]]


The German Word List includes symbols commonly used in German genealogical sources. For more information about reading German writing, see [[Germany Handwriting]].  
The German Word List includes symbols commonly used in German genealogical sources. For more information about reading German writing, see [[Germany Handwriting]].  
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[http://lateinwiki.org/Hauptseite http://lateinwiki.org/Hauptseite]<br>[http://www.albertmartin.de/latein/?q=bapti&con=0 http://www.albertmartin.de/latein/?q=bapti&amp;con=0]  
[http://lateinwiki.org/Hauptseite http://lateinwiki.org/Hauptseite]<br>[http://www.albertmartin.de/latein/?q=bapti&con=0 http://www.albertmartin.de/latein/?q=bapti&amp;con=0]  


== NUMBERS ==
== Numbers ==
 


In some genealogical records, numbers are spelled out. This is especially true of dates. The following list gives the cardinal (1, 2, 3) and the ordinal (1st, 2nd, 3rd) versions of each number. Days of the month are written in ordinal form. Ordinal forms may have other endings, for example: erste, ersten.  
In some genealogical records, numbers are spelled out. This is especially true of dates. The following list gives the cardinal (1, 2, 3) and the ordinal (1st, 2nd, 3rd) versions of each number. Days of the month are written in ordinal form. Ordinal forms may have other endings, for example: erste, ersten.  
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To understand German dates, use the following lists as well as the preceding “Numbers” section.  
To understand German dates, use the following lists as well as the preceding “Numbers” section.  


===Months===  
=== Months ===
 
{|
{|
| English
| German
|-
|-
| January
| '''English'''
| '''German'''
|-
| January  
| Januar, Jänner, Hartung, Jenner
| Januar, Jänner, Hartung, Jenner
|-
|-
| February
| February  
| Februar, Hornung
| Februar, Hornung
|-
|-
| March
| March  
| März, Frühlingsmonat
| März, Frühlingsmonat
|-
|-
| April
| April  
| April, Ostermonat, Osteren
| April, Ostermonat, Osteren
|-
|-
| May
| May  
| Mai, Wonnemonat, Blütemonat
| Mai, Wonnemonat, Blütemonat
|-
|-
| June
| June  
| Juni, Brachmonat
| Juni, Brachmonat
|-
|-
| July
| July  
| Juli, Heuert, Heumonat, Heuet
| Juli, Heuert, Heumonat, Heuet
|-
|-
| August
| August  
| August, Erntemonat, Hitzmonat
| August, Erntemonat, Hitzmonat
|-
|-
| September
| September  
| September, Fruchtmonat, Herbstmonat, Herpsten, 7ber, 7bris
| September, Fruchtmonat, Herbstmonat, Herpsten, 7ber, 7bris
|-
|-
| October
| October  
| Oktober, Weinmonat, 8ber, 8bris  
| Oktober, Weinmonat, 8ber, 8bris
|-
|-
| November
| November  
| November, Wintermonat, 9ber, 9bris
| November, Wintermonat, 9ber, 9bris
|-
|-
| December
| December  
| Dezember, Christmonat, 10ber, 10bris, Xber, Xbris
| Dezember, Christmonat, 10ber, 10bris, Xber, Xbris
|-
|}
|}


A more extensive list of [[Month Names in German|month names in German]].  
A more extensive list of [[Month Names in German|month names in German]].  


<br>Days of the Week  
=== Days of the Week ===
 
{|
|-
| '''English'''
| &nbsp;
| '''German'''
|-
| Sunday
| &nbsp;
| Sonntag
|-
| Monday
| &nbsp;
| Montag
|-
| Tuesday
| &nbsp;
| Dienstag
|-
| Wednesday
| &nbsp;
| Mittwoch
|-
| Thursday
| &nbsp;
| Donnerstag
|-
| Friday
| &nbsp;
| Freitag, Freytag
|-
| Saturday
| &nbsp;
| Samstag, Sonnabend
|}
 
See also:


<br>English&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;German <br>Sunday&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Sonntag <br>Monday&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Montag <br>Tuesday&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Dienstag <br>Wednesday Mittwoch <br>Thursday&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Donnerstag <br>Friday&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Freitag, Freytag&nbsp;<br>Saturday&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Samstag, Sonnabend
*[[Week Day Symbols|special symbols used for week days]].


Click here for an article on [[Week Day Symbols|special symbols used for week days]].
<br>


<br>Times of the Day  
=== Times of the Day ===


<br>German birth and death records often indicated the exact time of day when the birth or death occurred. This is usually written out.  
<br>German birth and death records often indicated the exact time of day when the birth or death occurred. This is usually written out.  
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German English <br>ein Uhr one (o’clock) <br>zwei Uhr two (o’clock) <br>drei Uhr three (o’clock) <br>halb eins half one = 12:30 <br>halb zwei half two = 1:30 <br>halbe Stunde half hour <br>Stunde hour <br>früh early (a.m.) <br>spät late (p.m.) <br>morgens in the morning <br>vormittags in the forenoon <br>mittags at noon <br>nachmittags in the afternoon <br>abends in the evening <br>mitternachts at midnight  
German English <br>ein Uhr one (o’clock) <br>zwei Uhr two (o’clock) <br>drei Uhr three (o’clock) <br>halb eins half one = 12:30 <br>halb zwei half two = 1:30 <br>halbe Stunde half hour <br>Stunde hour <br>früh early (a.m.) <br>spät late (p.m.) <br>morgens in the morning <br>vormittags in the forenoon <br>mittags at noon <br>nachmittags in the afternoon <br>abends in the evening <br>mitternachts at midnight  


<br>Return to top of page
<br>SYMBOLS
<br>--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<br>The following symbols are commonly used in German genealogical sources.


Symbol Meaning <br>born <br>baptized, christened <br>married <br>died <br>buried <br>born illegitimately <br>common law marriage, illegitimate <br>divorced <br>killed in action <br>died of battle wounds <br>stillborn
=== Symbols ===


<br>Paper publication: Third edition 1997. English approval: 4/97. <br>
Sometimes a symbol is used in German genealogical sources rather than abbreviations. Some of these are shown at [http://wiki-de.genealogy.net/Genealogische_Symbole_und_Zeichen GenWiki, Genealogical Symbols and Signs].  
 
<br>


==


{{Germany|Germany}}  
{{Germany|Germany}}  


[[Category:Germany]] [[Category:Language_and_Languages]]
[[Category:Germany]] [[Category:Language_and_Languages]]
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