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== History == | === Tribal Headquarters === | ||
Brothertown Indian Nation | |||
Mailing:<br> PO Box 2206<br> Fond du Lac WI 54936-2206 | |||
Location:<br> 82 S Macy Street <br> Fond du Lac WI 54936-2206 | |||
Email: office@brothertownindians.org<br> Phone: (920) 929-9964<br> Fax: (920) 929-9965 | |||
=== History === | |||
==== Brief Timeline ==== | ==== Brief Timeline ==== | ||
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18th Century: Algonquian Tribes living in the region east of New York State, commenced to relocate to north central New York State where they sought refugee among the Algonquin's and Iroquois of that region. Historians claim they were primarily Mohegan and Pequot but also included Algonquian's from the Narragansett, Montauk, Niantic, and Tunxis. Many of them were converts to Christianity which made them alien to the more powerful Algonquin's. Their willingness to accept Christianity was not welcomed by the Algonquin's of New York State. From the late 18th century to the beginning of the 19th century, two groups emerged. One were traditional, while the other were more open to contact with the whites. Many of the more open Indians were mixed bloods. The whites often negotiated with them instead of the traditional group. The traditional group merged with the Algonquin's of New York State. | 18th Century: Algonquian Tribes living in the region east of New York State, commenced to relocate to north central New York State where they sought refugee among the Algonquin's and Iroquois of that region. Historians claim they were primarily Mohegan and Pequot but also included Algonquian's from the Narragansett, Montauk, Niantic, and Tunxis. Many of them were converts to Christianity which made them alien to the more powerful Algonquin's. Their willingness to accept Christianity was not welcomed by the Algonquin's of New York State. From the late 18th century to the beginning of the 19th century, two groups emerged. One were traditional, while the other were more open to contact with the whites. Many of the more open Indians were mixed bloods. The whites often negotiated with them instead of the traditional group. The traditional group merged with the Algonquin's of New York State. | ||
Early 19th Century: A period of great unrest corrupted the Brothertown Indians as the whites were forcing their way ever to the west. The two groups of Brothertown Indians became unwilling to cooperate. The traditionalist wanted to follow the Seven Fires Prophecy and migrate to the west away from the whites, while the more open group wanted to remain. Another group emerged from the more open Brothertown Indians. They were largely mixed bloods who favored joining the whites. The Brothertown Indians settled down to live on the New York Iroquois Reservations. Among the Iroquois were many who were also traditionalists as well as | Early 19th Century: A period of great unrest corrupted the Brothertown Indians as the whites were forcing their way ever to the west. The two groups of Brothertown Indians became unwilling to cooperate. The traditionalist wanted to follow the Seven Fires Prophecy and migrate to the west away from the whites, while the more open group wanted to remain. Another group emerged from the more open Brothertown Indians. They were largely mixed bloods who favored joining the whites. The Brothertown Indians settled down to live on the New York Iroquois Reservations. Among the Iroquois were many who were also traditionalists as well as those predominantly Algonquin blood. | ||
==== Brief History ==== | ==== Brief History ==== | ||
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1821: An 860,000 acre Reservation was set aside for the Brothertown Indians and Iroquois, on Algonquin (Menominee) land in Wisconsin. | 1821: An 860,000 acre Reservation was set aside for the Brothertown Indians and Iroquois, on Algonquin (Menominee) land in Wisconsin. | ||
1822: Another tract of Algonquin land in eastern Wisconsin, was set aside for the Brothertown and other | 1822: Another tract of Algonquin land in eastern Wisconsin, was set aside for the Brothertown and other Indians. It covered 6,720,000 acres. The land was located almost along the entire western shore of Lake Michigan. The Algonquin's set aside 153,000 acres for the Brothertown Indians. | ||
1830: Migrated from New York settling near Lake Winnebago in Wisconsin | 1830: Migrated from New York settling near Lake Winnebago in Wisconsin | ||
1838: On January 15, 1838 many of the Brothertown traditionalists and their Iroquois allies, signed a treaty with the United States in which many of the New York Reservations which had been set aside years earlier, were eradicated. Several of the Reservations were located within Algonquin (Chippewa) territory | 1838: On January 15, 1838 many of the Brothertown traditionalists and their Iroquois allies, signed a treaty with the United States in which many of the New York Reservations which had been set aside years earlier, were eradicated. Several of the Reservations were located within Algonquin (Chippewa) territory, and in the Niagara Falls region. One is known as the Buffalo Creek Reservation. | ||
Reservations which were closed: Niagara County Reservation, Tuscarora Reservation, Cattaraugus Reservation, Allegany Reservation, and Tonawanda Reservation. However, the strong Chippewa presence kept the Reservations in place with, however, much of the Reservations lands being lost to the whites.<br> | |||
The United States did not want anymore Indians migrating to the west. They knew future trouble would occur. Only the Buffalo Creek Reservation was lost except 9 acres. The 1838 treaty also included the Brothertown Indians and Iroquois of Wisconsin. Many of the New York State and Wisconsin Brothertown Indians, joined with the Chippewa's and Iroquois and migrated to Kansas and Oklahoma, in 1838-1839. Their descendants still live in Kansas and Oklahoma. | |||
1839: March 3, Brothertown Indians became citizens of the United States | 1839: March 3, Brothertown Indians became citizens of the United States | ||
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''Samson Occom and the Christian Indians of New England''. by Dr. W. DeLoss Love. Boston, The Pilgrim Press Chicago C. 1899. FHL film: 1,698,144 item 11. (Appendix- Family History of the Brothertown Indians) | ''Samson Occom and the Christian Indians of New England''. by Dr. W. DeLoss Love. Boston, The Pilgrim Press Chicago C. 1899. FHL film: 1,698,144 item 11. (Appendix- Family History of the Brothertown Indians) | ||
= | === Records === | ||
== Records == | |||
'''Correspondence | '''Correspondence''' | ||
{| cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1" | {| cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1" | ||
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|} | |} | ||
===Treaty=== | |||
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/new0502.htm 1838] January 15, at Buffalo Creek,with the New York Indians | *[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/new0502.htm 1838] January 15, at Buffalo Creek,with the New York Indians | ||
== Important Websites == | === Important Websites === | ||
[http://www.brothertownindians.org/BINAC.pdf Constitution] of the Brothertown Indians; approved 1939, amended 2007 | [http://www.brothertownindians.org/BINAC.pdf Constitution] of the Brothertown Indians; approved 1939, amended 2007 | ||
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[http://www.archive.org/stream/samsonoccom00loverich/samsonoccom00loverich_djvu.txt www.archive.org/stream/samsonoccom00loverich/samsonoccom00loverich_djvu.txt] Full Text of Samson Occom and the Christian Indians of New England | [http://www.archive.org/stream/samsonoccom00loverich/samsonoccom00loverich_djvu.txt www.archive.org/stream/samsonoccom00loverich/samsonoccom00loverich_djvu.txt] Full Text of Samson Occom and the Christian Indians of New England | ||
== References == | === References === | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||