England Historical Overview: Difference between revisions

Please note: In a February, 1984 Ensign article entitled, [http://lds.org/ldsorg/v/index.jsp?vgnextoid=2354fccf2b7db010VgnVCM1000004d82620aRCRD&locale=0&sourceId=e50a05481ae6b010VgnVCM1000004d82620a____&hideNav=1 "''I’ve heard that some people have extended their ancestral lines back to Adam. Is this possible? If so, is it necessary for all of us to extend our pedigrees back to Adam''] "Robert C. Gunderson stated, in part, "In my opinion it is not even possible to verify historically a connected European pedigree earlier than the time of the Merovingian Kings (c. a.d. 450–a.d. 752). Every pedigree I have seen which attempts to bridge the gap between that time and the biblical pedigree appears to be based on questionable tradition, or at worst, plain fabrication. Generally these pedigrees offer no evidence as to the origin of the information, or they cite a vague source". Another expression of concern can be found at [http://genealogysstar.blogspot.com/2011/05/back-to-adam.html Genealogy's Star, in "Back to Adam" by James Tanner.

'''[[Image:Brutus of troy.jpg|thumb|right|162x163px|Brutus of troy.jpg]]'''  

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celtic_nations#England Celts from Gaul] invaded Britain and took control of the country.  The Druid priests presided in their culture, but were not warriors.  The Druid priests educated their people and officiated in the religious practices.  The Druid priests were the ruling community officials and religious leaders.  The commanding warriors were a part of the community council.  The Celts were of the tribe of Ephraim and are represented in the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom Royal Coat of Arms of England] by the white unicorn.  

Joseph of Arimathea and his group of 11 other adults landed at Glastonbury. They built the first Christain Church in the world named St. Mary.  King Avairgas gave 12 hides of land to the Church of St. Mary at Glastonbury to be held tax free forever. These 12 hides and Church of Glastonbury were listed in the Doomesday Book of William the Conqueror.  Joseph's daughter Anna married Bran the Blessed and they became the progenators of the royal lienage of Wales.  In 1954, the government authorized an archeological excavation of the site.  The foundations of the orginal Church of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Church,_Nottingham St. Mary] were found to measure 37' X 50' long. A stone was found with the inscription of Jesus/Maria, the Challess Well, and six wattle homes all dating to the time period.  The tomb of Joseph of Arimathea was also found with the body placed in a silver casket in the Church of St. John the Baptist. The tomb of King Arthur was previously found and his body returned to London at St. Dunstans.  Despite the archeological evidence, modern day historians call this story a myth. I have included this history because [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloodline_of_the_Holy_Grail Lawrence Gardner], the Royal Genealogist of England includes the genealogy of Joseph of Arimathea as one of the Royal ancestors of England and Wales.  These genealogies are printed out in his book, "Bloodline of the Holy Grail".  

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_conquest_of_Britain Rome invaded Britain] and conquered the southern part of Britain before their army was recalled to Gaul. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celts Celts of Gaul] were such fierce fighters that it took the who army of Rome to finally conqueror the blue painted warriors. After the war was ended in 44 AD, Mary Magdalene went to Gaul to live where her descendants became the Fisher Kings of Gaul.  

The Roman invasion began in 43 AD but by 100 AD they had conquered Britain. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_roads_in_Britain Roads] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Britain#Roman_rule_is_established Government structures] were greatly improved during this period of English history. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Britain#End_of_Roman_rule influence of Rome] left some time in the 4th Century.  

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coptic_Orthodox_Church_of_Alexandria#Council_of_Nicea Council of Nicea]. The British bishops attended the Council of Nicea where they reported that Britain had built the first Christain church, called [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Church,_Nottingham St. Mary]. As a result, the British bishops were given first priority to speak.  The British bishops presented their concept of the Godhead, but the Greek concept was accepted by Constantine.  The Nicean Creed was developed with the Catholic Religion evolving out of the Roman rule. Catholic Bishops replaced the British ones and taught the country Catholic doctrine.  The country gradually converted to the Catholic Religion.  However, many [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celtic_Christianity Britains held on to their Celtic beliefs].  

<br> [[Image:Angles, Saxons, Jutes, 600 AD.jpg|thumb|right|259x186px|Angles, Saxons, Jutes, 600 AD.jpg]]  

The http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/normans/key_events_01.shtml Danish Vikings invaded and conquered England]. King Harold fought off an invasion by his brother in '''1066 AD '''with his army marching to northern England. After defeating his brothers army, King Harold marched his army south to meet the army of William the Conqueror. The two armies met at [http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/normans/ Hastings] and fought a bloody battle in which King Harold was killed and his army defeated.&nbsp;Duke William conquered England in 1066.  

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_I_of_England William the Conqueror], the first Norman king, become England King by defeating King Harold at the Battle of Hastings. William made a survey of the landholding called the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domesday_Book Doomsday Book. Free copies of the original pages can be seen at [http://domesdaymap.co.uk/ Free pages of Doomsday].  

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wynebald_de_Ballon#Donations_to_Bermondsey_Abbey Provost Alwin Child] came from France and set up churches and religious Cluny orders of monks. The Cluny&nbsp;Church in France was the largest church in the world. It was surpassed by St. Peters built in Rome during the 1600's. Alwin Child built the Church of the Savior, the Church of Mary Magdalene and the Palace for William the Conqueror and his son William Ruffus. Alwin Child lived in the palace with the Kings and over saw its operation for the King until his death in 1082.&nbsp; Alwin was the Chancellor of Religion for the new Kings of England.&nbsp; Alwin left his will&nbsp; in 1082, Bermondsay, (London) Surrey, England.&nbsp; Alwin's son Alwin Child brought the Cluny monks from France in 1089 before he died in 1094.&nbsp; Alwin Child's son Roger Infans or Child went on the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Crusade first crusade to Jerusalem] and assisted in its capture from 1096-1098.&nbsp; Roger Infans returned to England to run the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rockingham_Castle Royal Castle of Rockingham in Northamptonshire]. He served as commander of the royal guard and was a baron over more than ten manors.&nbsp;More French were brought into England to be Royal Judges or Provosts over cities. Knights presided over 1-9 manors, and Franklins over a manor. The feudal system was instituted upon the English by the French with the gentry and nobility classes&nbsp;as rulers. The English were made serfs or slaves and confined to the manors in which they live. A series of judicial courts were instituted from the manorial, Provost or city and shire level. Royal or country matters were brought before the Royal Court of Judges. Upon his death in 1087 http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/william_i_king.shtml William the Conqueror divided his lands between two of his sons, with Robert receiving Normandy and William Rufus, England].  

=== 1100 ===

[http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/william_ii_king.shtml King William Ruffus] [http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/william_ii_king.shtml was murdered] and his younger brother Henry had himself crowned a few days later, taking advantage of Robert's absence on crusade. Fights over the throne went on between the two rulers almost to Henry death in 1135. [http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/henry_ii_king.shtml Plantagent, Henry II], the Grandson of Henry I, was brought from France to be the next King with [http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/eleanor_of_aquitaine.shtml Eleanor of Aquitaine his wife.&nbsp; The Knights Templar returned from&nbsp;Jerusalem&nbsp;to England and built castles and churches. They were good businessmen and established businesses in England.  

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magna_Carta King John and the Magna Carta] King John replaced Henry and ruled by absolute monarchy. King John retained all the land and power unto himself.&nbsp; The barons, viscounts, and earls who officated over the shires rebelled against King John. The Lords of the shires all met and wrote up the Magna Carta. By signing the Magna Carta in 1216, King John was force to give up land and power to the Lords of the shires. The Magna Carta gave representation into parilament from each shire.  

The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Ireland_%281169%E2%80%931536%29#Norman_decline_.281300.E2.80.931350.29 English invaded Ireland and subjugated the country] placing it under the English control.&nbsp; The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warfare_in_Medieval_Scotland English also invaded Wales] and tricked their leader to give himself up' but killed him instead. After fighting for&nbsp;many years into the 1400's England conquerored Wales.&nbsp; On orders from the Pope, the English killed all the Knights templars on&nbsp;their soil and then made war with Scotland to destroy all the Knights Templars. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wars_of_Scottish_Independence Scots fought fiercly and defeated the English in the Battle of Bannockburn]. The Scots established their own kings and remained a seperate country from England until 1603.  

The 100 years war with France was fought with battles won by both sides.&nbsp; The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_of_the_Roses War of the Roses was fought from 1458-1487] between the Duke of Lancaster and the Duke of York. The Duke of Lancaster won the war by killing the Duke of York.  

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Henry_VIII#Reformation King Henry VIII] ordered parishes to begin keeping registers of vital records. Not all the churches started keeping christenings, marriage, and burial records at that time. Some began later.  

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Cromwell,_1st_Earl_of_Essex Thomas Cromwell] established the Church of England as the state religion by overthrowing the Catholic Church. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VIII_of_England King Henry VIII] had killed any one who opposed him including the Earl of Montgomery and the Abbott of Glastonbury. The king ordered all the statues of saints destroyed, did away with priories, nunneries, monks, nuns, established divorce and created his new church called the Church of England (Anglican Church). King Henry had six wives who mostly bore him daughters. King Henry's only son Edward died in 1553 at the age of 18 leaving his sisters Mary (Catholic) and Elizabeth(Church of England). Mary (known as Bloody Mary because she put to death those who opposed the Catholic Church) was queen until her death in 1558. Elizabeth then became the Queen of England and reigned until her death in 1603. As she never married and had no issue, she was succeeded by James, the son of her hated cousin Mary Queen of Scots. James was James I of England and James VI of Scotland.  

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puritan Puritan Movement:]The Puritain Relgions flurished and their leaders established Emanuel College in 1584 at Cambridge University.&nbsp; Emanuel College taught&nbsp; Protestant doctrine and men to be ministers like Benjamin Childe.  

[http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/james_i_vi.shtml King James] had the bibical scholars of the world translate the manuscripts of the Greek Bible into the King James Version of the Bible.  

[http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/charles_i_king.shtml King Charles I]tried to put down religious rebullion, amount the things he did against Irish protests during the two uprisings against his rule was to have religious protestant demonstrators killed in Leicestershire. Parliament declared that Charles I had committed treason for having religious demostrators killed. King Charles financial policies and religious policies cause the country to be divided.  

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_Civil_War England's Civil War]. The English Civil War became a religious war between the Protestants and the Church of England. The&nbsp;Protestants won the war destroying most of the Castles in England that were used as strongholds by King Charles' army.&nbsp; Charles fled to Scotland but was returned to England where he was tried and beheaded for treason.&nbsp; Oliver Cromwell became&nbsp;the Lord Protector&nbsp;of England&nbsp;from 1651-1660.&nbsp; Oliver's son Richard became Lord Protector, but was overthrown by the House of the Lords.&nbsp; The Lords placed&nbsp;Charles&nbsp;II on the throne of England.&nbsp; Bishop's Courts were abolished and many changes in the government were instituted.  

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Charles_II_of_England King Charles II] persecuted the Protestants by arresting them and sentencing them to prison on trumped up charges.&nbsp; To avoid being arrested, over twenty thousand Protestants fled England for the New England Colonies and Canada.&nbsp; After filling the prisons, the prisoners were transported to Canada, the Colonies, Islands, Africa, and Australia.  

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glorious_Revolution James II the brother of Charles the II] lost the throne to William the III.  

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_III_of_England William of Orange from Holland crowned King of England].  

[[British Military Records#History_and_Background|England and Wales united with Scotland to form the United Kingdom]].  

England adopted the new [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorian_calendar Gregorian calendar]. The first day of the year started on 1 January instead of March 25th.  

The first [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_Revolution#Canals English navigation canals] appeared. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_Revolution Industrial Revolution] began and cities grew with the invention of the steam engine and the spinning jenny. [[British Military Records#Seven_Years_War|French and Indian Wars]] in Canada and the Colonies.  

The American Colonies fought the English for eight years they defeated the English on American soil. The Colonists won their independence from England in 1783 and formed their own country with a Republic and a constitutional form of government. They became the United States of America, the land of the free.  

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom#Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland Ireland became part of the United Kingdom.]  

[[British Military Records#War_of_1812|War with the United States]] in which the United States were victorious.  

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England#Economy First railways appeared in England].  

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poor_law_union Poor law unions] took poor relief responsibilities away from parishes. Workhouses thus established.  

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_registry#United_Kingdom Civil registration] began on 1 July. [http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/victoria_queen.shtml Queen Victoria] reigned from 1837 to 1901.  

The first [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom_Census_1841 genealogically useful census] taken in England.  

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Court_of_Probate_Act_1857 Principal Probate Registry] began handling all English probates.  

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal_rights_of_women_in_history#British_Isles Married women] were given the right to use and dispose of their own property.  

[[British Military Records#World_War_I|World War I]] with Germany, Russia.  

*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_England History_of_England(Wikipedia)]