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Icelandic Genealogical Word List (view source)
Revision as of 11:44, 24 January 2008
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This list contains Icelandic words with their English translations. The words included here are those that you are likely to find in genealogical sources. If the word you are looking for (or some form of it) is not on this list, please consult an Icelandic-English dictionary. | This list contains Icelandic words with their English translations. The words included here are those that you are likely to find in genealogical sources. If the word you are looking for (or some form of it) is not on this list, please consult an Icelandic-English dictionary. (See the “Additional Resources” section below.) | ||
Icelandic is a Germanic language like Norwegian, Swedish, and Danish. It is the purest form of the “Old Norse” language that exists today. It was brought to the country by the Norsemen, who settled Iceland. | Icelandic is a Germanic language like Norwegian, Swedish, and Danish. It is the purest form of the “Old Norse” language that exists today. It was brought to the country by the Norsemen, who settled Iceland. Icelandic has been a written language for more than 900 years and has remained relatively unchanged. | ||
Iceland was under Danish rule until 1918. Records written before the mid 1800s may include Danish and some Latin words. Note that in the 1801 census, Danish and to some extent Latin, rather than Icelandic, are used throughout the text. See the [[Denmark Language and Languages|Danish Language and Languages ]] | Iceland was under Danish rule until 1918. Records written before the mid 1800s may include Danish and some Latin words. Note that in the 1801 census, Danish and to some extent Latin, rather than Icelandic, are used throughout the text. See the [[Denmark Language and Languages|Danish Language and Languages and]] the Italy [[Latin Genealogical Word List]]. | ||
== LANGUAGE CHARACTERISTICS == | == LANGUAGE CHARACTERISTICS == | ||
| Line 9: | Line 9: | ||
=== Variant Forms of Words === | === Variant Forms of Words === | ||
In Icelandic, as in English, the forms of some words vary according to how they are used in a sentence. | In Icelandic, as in English, the forms of some words vary according to how they are used in a sentence. Who—whose—whom and marry—marries—married are examples of words in English with variant forms. The endings of a word in a document may differ from those in this list. For example: | ||
{| class="plain" | {| class="plain FCK__ShowTableBorders" | ||
|- | |||
| ''gift'' | | ''gift'' | ||
| marry | | marry | ||
| Line 35: | Line 36: | ||
=== Spelling === | === Spelling === | ||
Spelling rules were not standardized in earlier centuries. Words were written as they sounded. | Spelling rules were not standardized in earlier centuries. Words were written as they sounded. Because Iceland was under Danish rule so long, and because many officials were Danish or had been educated in Denmark, Danish influence was prominent in vocabulary and style until the late eighteenth century. | ||
In the 1703, 1801, and 1816 censuses and in the oldest church registers, the following phonetic or spelling variations are common: | In the 1703, 1801, and 1816 censuses and in the oldest church registers, the following phonetic or spelling variations are common: | ||
{| class="plain" | {| class="plain FCK__ShowTableBorders" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''c'' used for '' | | ''b'' used for ''p '' | ||
| ''i'' used for ''j '' | |||
|- | |||
| ''c'' used for ''k '' | |||
| ''k'' used for ''q'' | | ''k'' used for ''q'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''d'' used for ''t'' | | ''d'' used for ''t'' | ||
| ''v ''and ''w'' used interchangeably | | ''v''and ''w'' used interchangeably | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''f'' used for '' | | ''f'' used for ''v '' | ||
| | | | ||
|} | |} | ||
| Line 77: | Line 79: | ||
For example, in the first column you find the word marriage. In the second column you find Icelandic words with meanings such as married, married couple, bridal pair, and other words used in Icelandic records to indicate marriage. | For example, in the first column you find the word marriage. In the second column you find Icelandic words with meanings such as married, married couple, bridal pair, and other words used in Icelandic records to indicate marriage. | ||
{| class="plain" | {| class="plain FCK__ShowTableBorders" | ||
|- | |||
| English | |||
| Icelandic | |||
| birth | | birth | ||
| fæddur, fædd, fæddir, fæðingar | | fæddur, fædd, fæddir, fæðingar | ||
| Line 166: | Line 169: | ||
This general word list includes words commonly seen in genealogical sources, including words for occupations, illnesses, and causes of death. Numbers, months, and days of the week are listed both here and in separate sections that follow this list. Words in parentheses in the English column clarify the definition. | This general word list includes words commonly seen in genealogical sources, including words for occupations, illnesses, and causes of death. Numbers, months, and days of the week are listed both here and in separate sections that follow this list. Words in parentheses in the English column clarify the definition. | ||
{| class="plain" | {| class="plain FCK__ShowTableBorders" | ||
|- | |||
| Icelandic | |||
| English | |||
|} | |} | ||
== A == | == A == | ||
{| class="plain" | {| class="plain FCK__ShowTableBorders" | ||
|- | |||
| aðkominn, aðkomnir | | aðkominn, aðkomnir | ||
| arrivals, guests | | arrivals, guests | ||
| Line 195: | Line 200: | ||
| grandmother | | grandmother | ||
|- | |- | ||
| andaður, | | andaður, andaðir (plural) | ||
| deceased (male), dead | | deceased (male), dead | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 205: | Line 210: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| andlega vanheill | | andlega vanheill | ||
| mentally deficient, | | mentally deficient, weak-minded | ||
|- | |- | ||
| andvana fæddur | | andvana fæddur | ||
| Line 234: | Line 239: | ||
== Á == | == Á == | ||
{| class="plain" | {| class="plain FCK__ShowTableBorders" | ||
|- | |||
| á | | á | ||
| on, at | | on, at | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | á morgun | ||
| tomorrow | | tomorrow | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 274: | Line 280: | ||
== B == | == B == | ||
{| class="plain" | {| class="plain FCK__ShowTableBorders" | ||
|- | |||
| bakari | | bakari | ||
| baker | | baker | ||
| Line 422: | Line 429: | ||
== C == | == C == | ||
{| class="plain" | {| class="plain FCK__ShowTableBorders" | ||
|- | |||
| confirmeraður | | confirmeraður | ||
| confirmed, confirmand | | confirmed, confirmand | ||
| Line 429: | Line 437: | ||
== D == | == D == | ||
{| class="plain" | {| class="plain FCK__ShowTableBorders" | ||
|- | |||
| daglaunamaður | | daglaunamaður | ||
| day laborer | | day laborer | ||
| Line 490: | Line 499: | ||
== E == | == E == | ||
{| class="plain" | {| class="plain FCK__ShowTableBorders" | ||
|- | |||
| eftirlifendur | | eftirlifendur | ||
| survivors, heirs | | survivors, heirs | ||
| Line 497: | Line 507: | ||
| afternoon | | afternoon | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | egta barn | ||
| legitimate child | | legitimate child | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 542: | Line 552: | ||
== F == | == F == | ||
{| class="plain" | {| class="plain FCK__ShowTableBorders" | ||
|- | |||
| fader (Danish) | | fader (Danish) | ||
| father | | father | ||
| Line 690: | Line 701: | ||
== G == | == G == | ||
{| class="plain" | {| class="plain FCK__ShowTableBorders" | ||
|- | |||
| gamall | | gamall | ||
| old | | old | ||
| Line 763: | Line 775: | ||
== H == | == H == | ||
{| class="plain" | {| class="plain FCK__ShowTableBorders" | ||
|- | |||
| hafnsögumaður | | hafnsögumaður | ||
| harbor pilot | | harbor pilot | ||
| Line 882: | Line 895: | ||
|} | |} | ||
== '''I'' | == '''I'' ''''' == | ||
{| class="plain" | {| class="plain FCK__ShowTableBorders" | ||
|- | |||
| í | | í | ||
| in | | in | ||
| Line 909: | Line 923: | ||
== J == | == J == | ||
{| class="plain" | {| class="plain FCK__ShowTableBorders" | ||
|- | |||
| janúar | | janúar | ||
| January | | January | ||
| Line 940: | Line 955: | ||
== K == | == K == | ||
{| class="plain" | {| class="plain FCK__ShowTableBorders" | ||
|- | |||
| kallaður | | kallaður | ||
| named (christened) | | named (christened) | ||
| Line 1,010: | Line 1,026: | ||
== L == | == L == | ||
{| class="plain" | {| class="plain FCK__ShowTableBorders" | ||
|- | |||
| land | | land | ||
| farm, land | | farm, land | ||
| Line 1,068: | Line 1,085: | ||
== M == | == M == | ||
{| class="plain" | {| class="plain FCK__ShowTableBorders" | ||
|- | |||
| maður | | maður | ||
| man, husband | | man, husband | ||
| Line 1,150: | Line 1,168: | ||
== N == | == N == | ||
{| class="plain" | {| class="plain FCK__ShowTableBorders" | ||
|- | |||
| nafn | | nafn | ||
| name | | name | ||
| Line 1,215: | Line 1,234: | ||
|} | |} | ||
== '''O ''' == | == '''O''' == | ||
{| class="plain" | {| class="plain FCK__ShowTableBorders" | ||
|- | |||
| óegta barn, óekta barn | | óegta barn, óekta barn | ||
| illegitimate child | | illegitimate child | ||
| Line 1,243: | Line 1,263: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| önduð | | önduð | ||
| deceased, | | deceased, dead (female) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ónefndur | | ónefndur | ||
| Line 1,263: | Line 1,283: | ||
== P == | == P == | ||
{| class="plain" | {| class="plain FCK__ShowTableBorders" | ||
|- | |||
| páskar | | páskar | ||
| Easter | | Easter | ||
| Line 1,285: | Line 1,306: | ||
== R == | == R == | ||
{| class="plain" | {| class="plain FCK__ShowTableBorders" | ||
|- | |||
| refsað | | refsað | ||
| punished | | punished | ||
| Line 1,301: | Line 1,323: | ||
== S == | == S == | ||
{| class="plain" | {| class="plain FCK__ShowTableBorders" | ||
|- | |||
| samanvígð hjón | | samanvígð hjón | ||
| married couple | | married couple | ||
| Line 1,588: | Line 1,611: | ||
|} | |} | ||
== '''T ''' == | == '''T''' == | ||
{| class="plain" | {| class="plain FCK__ShowTableBorders" | ||
|- | |||
| taugaveiki | | taugaveiki | ||
| typhoid | | typhoid | ||
| Line 1,726: | Line 1,750: | ||
== U == | == U == | ||
{| class="plain" | {| class="plain FCK__ShowTableBorders" | ||
|- | |||
| um | | um | ||
| on, about | | on, about | ||
| Line 1,760: | Line 1,785: | ||
== V == | == V == | ||
{| class="plain" | {| class="plain FCK__ShowTableBorders" | ||
|- | |||
| varðmaður | | varðmaður | ||
| watchman | | watchman | ||
| Line 1,827: | Line 1,853: | ||
== Y == | == Y == | ||
{| class="plain" | {| class="plain FCK__ShowTableBorders" | ||
|- | |||
| yfirsetukona | | yfirsetukona | ||
| midwife | | midwife | ||
| Line 1,844: | Line 1,871: | ||
|} | |} | ||
''''' | |||
== '''Þ'' ''''' == | == '''Þ''''''' == | ||
{| class="plain" | {| class="plain FCK__ShowTableBorders" | ||
|- | |||
| þjófur | | þjófur | ||
| thief | | thief | ||
| Line 1,895: | Line 1,923: | ||
|} | |} | ||
== '''Æ ''' == | == '''Æ''' == | ||
{| class="plain" | {| class="plain FCK__ShowTableBorders" | ||
|- | |||
| æði | | æði | ||
| panic | | panic | ||
| Line 1,911: | Line 1,940: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| æsing | | æsing | ||
| inflammation, | | inflammation, agitation | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ættfaðir | | ættfaðir | ||
| Line 1,917: | Line 1,946: | ||
|} | |} | ||
''''' | |||
== Numbers == | == Numbers == | ||
| Line 1,923: | Line 1,952: | ||
In Icelandic genealogical records, numbers are occasionally spelled out. This is especially true of dates. The following list gives the cardinal (1, 2, 3) and the ordinal (1<sup>st</sup>, 2<sup>nd</sup>, 3<sup>rd</sup>) versions of each number. In actual usage, days of the month are written in ordinal form. | In Icelandic genealogical records, numbers are occasionally spelled out. This is especially true of dates. The following list gives the cardinal (1, 2, 3) and the ordinal (1<sup>st</sup>, 2<sup>nd</sup>, 3<sup>rd</sup>) versions of each number. In actual usage, days of the month are written in ordinal form. | ||
{| class="plain" | {| class="plain FCK__ShowTableBorders" | ||
|- | |||
| Cardinal | |||
| | |||
| Ordinal | |||
| | |||
| 1 | | 1 | ||
| einn | | einn | ||
| Line 2,051: | Line 2,081: | ||
| tuttugu og fimm | | tuttugu og fimm | ||
| 25<sup>th</sup> | | 25<sup>th</sup> | ||
| | | tuttugasti og fimmti | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 26 | | 26 | ||
| | | tuttugu og sex | ||
| 26<sup>th</sup> | | 26<sup>th</sup> | ||
| | | tuttugasti og sjötti | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 27 | | 27 | ||
| Line 2,130: | Line 2,160: | ||
'''Months of the Year''' | '''Months of the Year''' | ||
{| class="plain" | {| class="plain FCK__ShowTableBorders" | ||
|- | |||
| Icelandic | |||
| English | |||
| janúar | | janúar | ||
| January | | January | ||
| Line 2,172: | Line 2,203: | ||
== Days of the Week == | == Days of the Week == | ||
{| class="plain" | {| class="plain FCK__ShowTableBorders" | ||
|- | |||
| Icelandic | |||
| English | |||
| sunnudagur | | sunnudagur | ||
| Sunday | | Sunday | ||
| Line 2,197: | Line 2,229: | ||
|} | |} | ||
''' ''' | '''''' | ||
' | |||
== Seasons of the Year == | == Seasons of the Year == | ||
{| class="plain" | [[Category:Iceland]] | ||
{| class="plain FCK__ShowTableBorders" | |||
|- | |||
| Icelandic | |||
| English | |||
| haust | | haust | ||
| autumn, fall | | autumn, fall | ||
| Line 2,221: | Line 2,256: | ||
== Times of the Day == | == Times of the Day == | ||
{| class="plain" | {| class="plain FCK__ShowTableBorders" | ||
|- | |||
| Icelandic | |||
| English | |||
| nón, síðdegi | | nón, síðdegi | ||
| midafternoon, afternoon | | midafternoon, afternoon | ||