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The Ponca Tribe was located in villages along Ponca Creek near the Niobrara River in what is now northeastern Nebraska when they first encountered the European settlers.  
The Ponca Tribe was located in villages along Ponca Creek near the Niobrara River in what is now northeastern Nebraska when they first encountered the European settlers.  
They signed three treaties with the United States government -- the first in 1817; the second in 1825; and the third in 1858. Each was an attempt to affirm their peaceful intent and to regulate trade in the area in which they lived.
Treaties between the government and other tribes gave the land claimed by the Ponca to the Sioux. As a result, in 1877, the Ponca were forced to remove to Indian Territory, specifically to the Quapaw Reservation. Two groups were removed that year, for a total of just under 700 tribal members. The following year, the Ponca established their own settlement from land on both sides of the Salt Fork River, from the west bank of the Arkansas River. An agency was established on the Salt Fork River, two miles from where it joined with the Arkansas.
In the 1880s, the Ponca split into two -- the Northern Ponca Tribe on the Niobrara River in Nebraska and the Southern Ponca in what is now Oklahoma.
Frederick Webb Hodge, in his ''Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico'', gave a more complete [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/ponca/poncaindianhist.htm history of the Ponca tribe], with estimations of the population of the tribe at various time periods. Additional details are given in John Swanton's [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/nebraska/index.htm#Ponca ''The Indian Tribes of North America''] and in David Bushnell's [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/scripts/data/database.cgi?file=Data&report=SingleArticle&ArticleID=0017326 ''Villages of the Algonquian, Siouan and Caddoan Tribes West of the Mississippi''].
For additional history of the tribe, [http://www.ponca.com/history/history.html read more....]
<br>
Ponca Nation
20 White Eagle Drive
Ponca City, OK 74601
Tribe phone -- 580-762-9567
Tribe fax -- 580-762-2743


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1878 -- Chief Standing Bear left the reservation in Indian Territory to take his son's body back to the tribe's traditional grounds for burial. His arrest resulted in a famous trial that recognized Indians as "persons."  
1878 -- Chief Standing Bear left the reservation in Indian Territory to take his son's body back to the tribe's traditional grounds for burial. His arrest resulted in a famous trial that recognized Indians as "persons."  


<br>  
The Ponca Tribe signed three treaties with the United States government -- the first in 1817; the second in 1825; and the third in 1858. Each was an attempt to affirm their peaceful intent and to regulate trade in the area in which they lived.
 
Treaties between the government and other tribes gave the land claimed by the Ponca to the Sioux. As a result, in 1877, the Ponca were forced to remove to Indian Territory, specifically to the Quapaw Reservation. Two groups were removed that year, for a total of just under 700 tribal members. The following year, the Ponca established their own settlement from land on both sides of the Salt Fork River, from the west bank of the Arkansas River. An agency was established on the Salt Fork River, two miles from where it joined with the Arkansas.
 
In the 1880s, the Ponca split into two -- the Northern Ponca Tribe on the Niobrara River in Nebraska and the Southern Ponca in what is now Oklahoma.
 
Frederick Webb Hodge, in his ''Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico'', gave a more complete [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/ponca/poncaindianhist.htm history of the Ponca tribe], with estimations of the population of the tribe at various time periods. Additional details are given in John Swanton's [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/nebraska/index.htm#Ponca ''The Indian Tribes of North America''] and in David Bushnell's [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/scripts/data/database.cgi?file=Data&report=SingleArticle&ArticleID=0017326 ''Villages of the Algonquian, Siouan and Caddoan Tribes West of the Mississippi''].
 
For additional history of the tribe, [http://www.ponca.com/history/history.html read more....]
 
== Tribal Headquarters<br> ==
 
Ponca Nation 20 White Eagle Drive Ponca City, OK 74601 Tribe phone -- 580-762-9567 Tribe fax -- 580-762-2743


== Records<br>  ==
== Records<br>  ==
==== Ponca Agency  ====


Many of the earlier records kept by the Ponca Agency (later the Winnebago Agency) in Nebraska have been transferred to the Kansas City Regional Archives of the National Archives and Records Adminstration. Included among the records housed in this facility are copies of the Indian census rolls 1880-1928, family record books 1886-1891, vital statistics records 1885-1906 and 1937-1947, marriage registers, 1900, copies of birth and death certificates 1938-1945, annuity payrolls 1884-1907, and allotment rolls 1869.  
Many of the earlier records kept by the Ponca Agency (later the Winnebago Agency) in Nebraska have been transferred to the Kansas City Regional Archives of the National Archives and Records Adminstration. Included among the records housed in this facility are copies of the Indian census rolls 1880-1928, family record books 1886-1891, vital statistics records 1885-1906 and 1937-1947, marriage registers, 1900, copies of birth and death certificates 1938-1945, annuity payrolls 1884-1907, and allotment rolls 1869.  
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[http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~usgenweb/ok/nations/ponca/index.htm Ponca Tribe Archives]  
[http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~usgenweb/ok/nations/ponca/index.htm Ponca Tribe Archives]  


== Bibliography ==
== References ==


*[http://www.archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/075.html Guide to Federal Records in the National Archives; Record Group 75], Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs.  
*[http://www.archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/075.html Guide to Federal Records in the National Archives; Record Group 75], Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs.  
*Hodge, Frederick Webb. [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/handbook_american_indians.htm ''Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico''].  
*Hodge, Frederick Webb. [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/handbook_american_indians.htm ''Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico''].  
*Swanton, John. ''[http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/indianlocation.htm The Indian Tribes of North America].''
*Swanton, John. ''[http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/indianlocation.htm The Indian Tribes of North America].''
== References ==


[[Category:Indians_of_North_America]] [[Category:Indian_Tribes_of_the_United_States]] [[Category:Indian_Tribes_of_North_America]]
[[Category:Indians_of_North_America]] [[Category:Indian_Tribes_of_the_United_States]] [[Category:Indian_Tribes_of_North_America]]
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