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''[[Australia|Australia]] [[Image:Gotoarrow.png]] [[ | ''[[Australia|Australia]] [[Image:Gotoarrow.png]] [[Australia_Orphans_and_Orphanages|Orphans and Orphanages]]'' | ||
Orphans are children who | Orphans are persons, especially children, bereaved of both parents.<ref name=MD1>"orphan, noun 1. a." in ''The Macquarie Dictionary Online'' (Macquarie Dictionary Publishers Pty Ltd) accessed 3 August 2013.</ref> The word has an extended usuage to refer to children who are abandoned or neglected.<ref name="OED">"orphan, A. n. 1." in ''Oxford English Dictionary'' (2013, Oxford University Press, online edition) accessed 3 August 2013.</ref> In the 19th Century, this latter class included a group termed "pauper children" who were targeted by British authorities for migration to Australia and other dominions of the British Empire; the practise continued into the 20th Century and Australia received thousands of child migrants, often under duress, sometimes deceived into believing they were orphaned.{{wikipedia|Child migration}} | ||
An orphanage is an institution for orphans<ref name=MD2>"orphanage, noun 1." in ''The Macquarie Dictionary Online'' (Macquarie Dictionary Publishers Pty Ltd) accessed 3 August 2013.</ref> sometimes also called in Australia a benevolent asylum, an orphan school, an infants' or babies' or children's or boys' or girls' or foster home, receiving home or depot, a foundling home, a boys' training home or farm. The first orphanage in Australia was established on Norfolk Island by Governor King who also founded the first orphanage on the mainland: in 1801 he formed the Female Orphan School in George Street, Sydney to house destitute young girls.<ref name="SLOS">[http://www.sl.nsw.gov.au/discover_collections/history_nation/religion/charity/opphan_schools.html "Orphan schools"], "The gift of charity", [http://www.sl.nsw.gov.au/discover_collections/history_nation/religion/index.html Religion, church & missions in Australia], "Discover our collections". State Library of New South Wales, 2012. Accessed 3 August 2013.</ref> | |||
The concept of adoption is foreign to the English common law and legislation was required to establish adoption arrangements in each of the Australian jurisdictions. Australia is a federation with a division of legislative and administrative power between the States (former colonies) on the one hand and the Commonwealth on the other. Responsibility for orphans, adoption and child welfare generally has been a function of State governments except in the territories where it falls to the Commonwealth to make arrangements. | |||
Details about these orphan immigrants can be found in ship passenger lists. For further information on ship passenger lists, see [[Australia Emigration and Immigration]]. | |||
There are several types of Australian records about orphans including orphanage registers, school records, apprenticeship records, and charitable relief office reports. For more information about orphanage school records, see [[Australia Schools]]. | There are several types of Australian records about orphans including orphanage registers, school records, apprenticeship records, and charitable relief office reports. For more information about orphanage school records, see [[Australia Schools]]. | ||
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The Family History Library has collected some records relating to orphans and orphanages. These records are listed in the Place Search of the Family History Library Catalog under: | The Family History Library has collected some records relating to orphans and orphanages. These records are listed in the Place Search of the Family History Library Catalog under: | ||
*AUSTRALIA - ORPHANS AND ORPHANAGES | *AUSTRALIA - ORPHANS AND ORPHANAGES | ||
*AUSTRALIA, [STATE] - ORPHANS AND ORPHANAGES | *AUSTRALIA, [STATE] - ORPHANS AND ORPHANAGES | ||
*AUSTRALIA, [STATE], [TOWN] - ORPHANS AND ORPHANAGES | *AUSTRALIA, [STATE], [TOWN] - ORPHANS AND ORPHANAGES | ||
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== References == | |||
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[[Category:Australia]] | [[Category:Australia]] | ||