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England was almost always involved in some military action. Some of these were: | England was almost always involved in some military action. Some of these were: | ||
'''1455–1485: | '''1455–1485:'''Wars of the Roses. These ongoing wars involved mostly knights pledged to lords or vassals. Few commoners were involved, and few records were kept. | ||
'''1642–1649: | '''1642–1649:'''Civil War and Cromwellian period. Disputes over the form of government and religion led to civil war. Only very brief military records of officers still exist. | ||
'''1755–1762: | '''1755–1762:'''Seven Years War. Called the French and Indian War in North America, this war involved 120,000 British soldiers and began a continuous series of army records. | ||
'''1775–1783: | '''1775–1783:'''U.S. Revolution. The British army had 135,000 men in North America when fighting broke out. Some men remained in Canada after the war, but most returned to England. Records of Loyalists and others who remained in Canada are separate from other military records. | ||
'''1805–1815: | '''1805–1815:'''Napoleonic Wars. Numerous battles across Europe involved 365,000 British soldiers and 300,000 seamen. These battles include the Peninsular Wars in Portugal and Spain. Also including the [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/nelson/introduction.htm Battle of Trafalgar]. | ||
'''1854–1856: | '''1854–1856:'''Crimean War. 225,000 troops were involved in the Crimea (Russian Black Sea). | ||
'''1857–1860: | '''1857–1860:'''Indian Mutiny. Many of the troops discharged after the Crimean war were recalled to quell the revolt in India. | ||
'''1877–1901: | '''1877–1901:'''Boer Wars. The first Anglo-Boer War led to South African independence in 1881. The second Anglo-Boer War (1898–1901) led to the unification of South Africa in 1910. | ||
'''1914–1918: | '''1914–1918:'''World War I. About three million English troops served in this war. 750,000 died. | ||
'''1939–1945: | '''1939–1945:'''World War II. Over one million British soldiers and civilians died in the war. | ||
'''Army Records'''. The army began as a permanent organization in 1660. Earlier armies were raised as needed, usually as county militia units. For information on pre-1660 military records, see the handbooks listed at the end of this section. | '''Army Records'''. The army began as a permanent organization in 1660. Earlier armies were raised as needed, usually as county militia units. For information on pre-1660 military records, see the handbooks listed at the end of this section. | ||
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White, Arthur S. comp. ''A Bibliography of Regimental Histories of the British Army''. Dallington, East Sussex, England: Naval and Military Press Ltd., 1992. (FHL book 942 M23was.) | White, Arthur S. comp. ''A Bibliography of Regimental Histories of the British Army''. Dallington, East Sussex, England: Naval and Military Press Ltd., 1992. (FHL book 942 M23was.) | ||
Military histories or regimental histories are listed in | Military histories or regimental histories are listed in the Place Search of the Family History Library Catalog under: | ||
GREAT BRITAIN - MILITARY HISTORY | GREAT BRITAIN - MILITARY HISTORY | ||
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=== United Kingdom World War I Army Service Records === | === United Kingdom World War I Army Service Records === | ||
You can | You can search the Family History Library Catalog at [http://www.familysearch.org/ www.FamilySearch.org] to obtain the microfilm number of the TNA Catalogue Number WO 364 records. | ||
# Search the Family History Library Catalog (FHLC) by title for: | # Search the Family History Library Catalog (FHLC) by title for: '''Military records of the British Army, 1914-1920''' you will see two items with that exact title and several that have letters of the alphabet added to the end of the title. Look at the catalog entries for the two without any additional letters. | ||
# In the notes section of the catalog entry you should see the National Archives catalogue number, either WO 361 or WO 364. | # In the notes section of the catalog entry you should see the National Archives catalogue number, either WO 361 or WO 364. Be sure to use the correct one. | ||
# On the page of the FHLC that has the Notes you will need to click on the '''View Film Notes''' button near the top right portion of the screen to get the film numbers that apply to surnames in the different parts of the alphabet. | # On the page of the FHLC that has the Notes you will need to click on the '''View Film Notes''' button near the top right portion of the screen to get the film numbers that apply to surnames in the different parts of the alphabet. There are 804 rolls of microfilm for the WO 364 records. | ||
=== Understanding Military Records === | === Understanding Military Records === | ||
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'''Soldiers’ Documents'''. These records of army service are available only for those soldiers who were discharged to pension. The records contain the reason for discharge and details on age, birthplace, and trade or occupation on enlistment. They are arranged by regiment, then alphabetically by surname for the years 1760 through 1872. The records for 1873 to 1882 are alphabetically arranged by corps (cavalry, foot soldiers, guards, and so forth). From 1883 to 1914, these records are arranged in one alphabetical series. | '''Soldiers’ Documents'''. These records of army service are available only for those soldiers who were discharged to pension. The records contain the reason for discharge and details on age, birthplace, and trade or occupation on enlistment. They are arranged by regiment, then alphabetically by surname for the years 1760 through 1872. The records for 1873 to 1882 are alphabetically arranged by corps (cavalry, foot soldiers, guards, and so forth). From 1883 to 1914, these records are arranged in one alphabetical series. | ||
'''Chaplains’ Returns'''. Army chaplains throughout the British Empire kept records that list the baptisms, marriages, and burials of officers, soldiers, and their families. These returns (from 1760 to 1971) are indexed and are available by correspondence from the Office of National Statistics (formerly Registrar General). Indexes for births 1796–1880, for marriages 1796–1955, and for deaths 1786–1880, are available at the Family History Library. They are listed in | '''Chaplains’ Returns'''. Army chaplains throughout the British Empire kept records that list the baptisms, marriages, and burials of officers, soldiers, and their families. These returns (from 1760 to 1971) are indexed and are available by correspondence from the Office of National Statistics (formerly Registrar General). Indexes for births 1796–1880, for marriages 1796–1955, and for deaths 1786–1880, are available at the Family History Library. They are listed in the Place Search of the Family History Library Catalog under: | ||
GREAT BRITAIN - CIVIL REGISTRATION | GREAT BRITAIN - CIVIL REGISTRATION | ||
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GREAT BRITAIN - MILITARY RECORDS | GREAT BRITAIN - MILITARY RECORDS | ||
'''Regimental Registers.''' Regiments kept birth, marriage, and death records for officers and men. Births and baptisms are indexed. These records (1790–1924) are available by correspondence from the Office of National Statistics (formerly Registrar General). The indexes are available at the Family History Library. Look in | '''Regimental Registers.''' Regiments kept birth, marriage, and death records for officers and men. Births and baptisms are indexed. These records (1790–1924) are available by correspondence from the Office of National Statistics (formerly Registrar General). The indexes are available at the Family History Library. Look in the Place Search of the Family History Library Catalog under: | ||
GREAT BRITAIN - CIVIL REGISTRATION | GREAT BRITAIN - CIVIL REGISTRATION | ||
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The files are arranged alphabetically, but many documents are missing. Therefore, you will not find every soldier listed in these files. | The files are arranged alphabetically, but many documents are missing. Therefore, you will not find every soldier listed in these files. | ||
The original files are at the Public Record Office in England. The Family History Library has microfilmed copies, which are listed in | The original files are at the Public Record Office in England. The Family History Library has microfilmed copies, which are listed in the Place Search of the Family History Library Catalog under: | ||
GREAT BRITAIN - MILITARY RECORDS - ARMY - WORLD WAR, 1914–1918 | GREAT BRITAIN - MILITARY RECORDS - ARMY - WORLD WAR, 1914–1918 | ||
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Post-1914 army records are at: | Post-1914 army records are at: | ||
'''Army Records Centre'''<br | '''Army Records Centre'''<br>Bourne Avenue<br>Hayes, Middlesex UB3 1RF<br>England | ||
Post-1914 navy records are at: | Post-1914 navy records are at: | ||
'''Ministry of Defense'''<br | '''Ministry of Defense'''<br>Main Building, Whitehall SW1A 2HB<br>England <br>Internet: http://www.mod.uk/defenceinternet/home | ||
=== Records at the Family History Library === | === Records at the Family History Library === | ||
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Some Royal Marine attestation (enlistment) records are also available at the library. | Some Royal Marine attestation (enlistment) records are also available at the library. | ||
A number of name indexes to some military records containing birth, marriages, or deaths are in the Family History Library. These indexes can be found in | A number of name indexes to some military records containing birth, marriages, or deaths are in the Family History Library. These indexes can be found in the Place search of the Family History Library Catalog under: | ||
MILITARY RECORDS - CIVIL REGISTRATION | MILITARY RECORDS - CIVIL REGISTRATION | ||
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The library staff has compiled a typescript listing of army records in its collection (FHL book 942 M2A; film 990313 item 5). | The library staff has compiled a typescript listing of army records in its collection (FHL book 942 M2A; film 990313 item 5). | ||
Library records are listed in | Library records are listed in the Place Search of the Family History Library Catalog under either ENGLAND or GREAT BRITAIN and the following subject headings: | ||
MILITARY RECORDS | MILITARY RECORDS | ||
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http://genealogy.about.com/od/british_military/index.htm | http://genealogy.about.com/od/british_military/index.htm | ||
[[Category:England]]<br> | |||