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Julian and Gregorian Calendars: Difference between revisions
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But in actual fact, the earth travels around the sun in 365.2425 days, about 11 minuets shorter than the old Julian Calendar accounted for. This discrepancy accumulated about 3 days short every 4 centuries. By 1582, the spring equinox was happening 10 days early on 11 March. | But in actual fact, the earth travels around the sun in 365.2425 days, about 11 minuets shorter than the old Julian Calendar accounted for. This discrepancy accumulated about 3 days short every 4 centuries. By 1582, the spring equinox was happening 10 days early on 11 March. | ||
The Catholic Church was very concerned because the celebration of Easter was figured from the spring equinox. As a result, on 24 February 1582 Pope Gregory XIII issued a decree (a papal bull) instituting a new calendar. | The Catholic Church was very concerned because the celebration of Easter was figured from the spring equinox. As a result, on 24 February 1582 Pope Gregory XIII issued a decree (a papal bull) instituting a new calendar.To returned the spring equinox back to 21 March, the new Gregorian Calendar skipped 10 days from the year. To keep consistent with the earth’s movement around the sun, a new rule was followed - Every year that is exactly divisible by four is a leap year, except for years that are exactly divisible by 100; the centurial years that are exactly divisible by 400 are still leap years Also, a change already starting was validated - The first day of the year was changed from the 25 March to 1 January. | ||
To returned the spring equinox back to 21 March, the new Gregorian Calendar skipped 10 days from the year. To keep consistent with the earth’s movement around the sun, a new rule was followed - Every year that is exactly divisible by four is a leap year, except for years that are exactly divisible by 100; the centurial years that are exactly divisible by 400 are still leap years Also, a change already starting was validated - The first day of the year was changed from the 25 March to 1 January. | |||
For example - Benjamin Franklin was born on 6 January 1706. He was 46 years old when the British Empire adopted the Gregorian Calendar in 1752. He probably had a friend or two with no birthday that year because it fell during the days that were skipped. Two months after his last birthday, a new year had begun. Then another year began just before this birthday because of the new calendar. Two years older from one birthday to the next. | For example - Benjamin Franklin was born on 6 January 1706. He was 46 years old when the British Empire adopted the Gregorian Calendar in 1752. He probably had a friend or two with no birthday that year because it fell during the days that were skipped. Two months after his last birthday, a new year had begun. Then another year began just before this birthday because of the new calendar. Two years older from one birthday to the next. | ||
Some countries (usually Catholic) adopted the Gregorian Calendar soon after the Pope issued the decree. Other countries (usually Protestant) ignored the Pope and continued with their own calendars. But gradually the advantages became apparent and most countries one by one have adopted the Gregorian Calendar. | The Pope could not mandate these changes, because he no longer held power over the European contries he once did. The Pope could only propose the changes. Some countries (usually Catholic) adopted the Gregorian Calendar soon after the Pope issued the decree. Other countries (usually Protestant) ignored the Pope and continued with their own calendars. But gradually the advantages became apparent and most countries one by one have adopted the Gregorian Calendar. | ||
There is some uncertainty with people for the dates between 1 January and 25 March with the years from 1582 till the year the Gregorian Calendar was adopted. To avoid any confusion, write the date with both years numbers. For example - 14 February 1699/1700. At the time it would be considered 1699 according to the Julian Calendar, then in effect. But now it would be considered 1700 according to the Gregorian Calendar. Using the double-year dating and understand its purpose can be helpful in recording family historical events. | There is some uncertainty with people for the dates between 1 January and 25 March with the years from 1582 till the year the Gregorian Calendar was adopted. To avoid any confusion, write the date with both years numbers. For example - 14 February 1699/1700. At the time it would be considered 1699 according to the Julian Calendar, then in effect. But now it would be considered 1700 according to the Gregorian Calendar. Using the double-year dating and understand its purpose can be helpful in recording family historical events. | ||
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A [http://www.searchforancestors.com/utility/gregorian.html chart] which shows when countries changed from Julian to Gregorian and a [http://www.fourmilab.ch/documents/calendar/ converter] that translates dates from a variety of calendars are among the tools available to navigate through this maze. Interesting historical reading about how a monarch's reign influenced the English calendar is found in the article [[Regnal Years in England]]. | A [http://www.searchforancestors.com/utility/gregorian.html chart] which shows when countries changed from Julian to Gregorian and a [http://www.fourmilab.ch/documents/calendar/ converter] that translates dates from a variety of calendars are among the tools available to navigate through this maze. Interesting historical reading about how a monarch's reign influenced the English calendar is found in the article [[Regnal Years in England]]. | ||
{| class="wikitable sortable" | {| class="wikitable sortable FCK__ShowTableBorders" | ||
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! Country | ! Country | ||
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| [[France]] | | [[France]] | ||
| 1564<ref>[http://www.henk-reints.nl/cal/audette/cgfrance.html Le calendrier grégorien en France] </ref> | | 1564<ref>[http://www.henk-reints.nl/cal/audette/cgfrance.html Le calendrier grégorien en France] </ref> | ||
| 1582 | | 1582 | ||
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| [[Scotland]] | | [[Scotland]] | ||
| 1600<ref name="Blackburn">Blackburn &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp; Holford-Strevens (1999), p. 784.</ref><ref>John J. Bond, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=bzAWAAAAYAAJ&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;printsec=frontcover#PPR17,M1 Handy-book of rules and tables for verifying dates with the Christian era]'' Scottish decree on pp. xvii–xviii.</ref> | | 1600<ref name="Blackburn">Blackburn &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp; Holford-Strevens (1999), p. 784.</ref><ref>John J. Bond, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=bzAWAAAAYAAJ&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;printsec=frontcover#PPR17,M1 Handy-book of rules and tables for verifying dates with the Christian era]'' Scottish decree on pp. xvii–xviii.</ref> | ||
| 1752 | | 1752 | ||
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== References == | == References == | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||
[[Category:Calendars]] | [[Category:Calendars]] | ||