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In Spain, the name system was well established by the 1100s, and the naming customs of Spain became the basis for other Spanish-speaking countries. The four influences that played a part in the development of Spanish surnames were patronymical terms, occupational terms, descriptive or nickname terms, and geographical terms (estates, manors, or dominions). Examples of these influences are: | In Spain, the name system was well established by the 1100s, and the naming customs of Spain became the basis for other Spanish-speaking countries. The four influences that played a part in the development of Spanish surnames were patronymical terms, occupational terms, descriptive or nickname terms, and geographical terms (estates, manors, or dominions). Examples of these influences are: | ||
* Patronymic names (based on a parent’s name, usually the father’s) such as Juan Fernandez (Juan, son of Fernando) or Juan Martinez (Juan, son of Martin). | |||
* Occupational names (based on the person’s trade) such as Francisco Ferrera (Francisco the Blacksmith) or José El Molinero (José the Miller). | |||
* Descriptive names or nicknames (based on a unique quality of the person) such as Felipe el Bueno (Felipe the Good) or Domingo Calvo (Domingo the Bald-Headed). | |||
* Toponymic names (based on a person’s residence) such as Francisco de Córdoba (Francisco from the city of Córdoba) or Domingo del Río (Domingo from near a river). | |||
At first, surnames applied only to one person and not to the whole family. After a few generations, these names became hereditary and were used from father to son. | At first, surnames applied only to one person and not to the whole family. After a few generations, these names became hereditary and were used from father to son. | ||
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Books that discuss Spanish surnames are: | Books that discuss Spanish surnames are: | ||
Godoy Alcantara, José. Ensayo Histórico Etimológico Filológico sobre los Apellidos Castellanos (A Historical, Etymological, Philological Study on Spanish Surnames). Barcelona: Ediciones El Albir, 1975. (FHL book 946 D4g; film 1183629 item 10.) | * Godoy Alcantara, José. Ensayo Histórico Etimológico Filológico sobre los Apellidos Castellanos (A Historical, Etymological, Philological Study on Spanish Surnames). Barcelona: Ediciones El Albir, 1975. (FHL book 946 D4g; film 1183629 item 10.) | ||
Wold, Lillian Ramos. Hispanic Surnames: History and Genealogy. Fullerton, Calif.: Society of Hispanic Historical and Ancestral Research, 1994. (FHL book 946 D4h.) | * Wold, Lillian Ramos. Hispanic Surnames: History and Genealogy. Fullerton, Calif.: Society of Hispanic Historical and Ancestral Research, 1994. (FHL book 946 D4h.) | ||
Platt, Lyman D. Hispanic Surnames and Family History. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1996. (FHL book 980 D43p.) | * Platt, Lyman D. Hispanic Surnames and Family History. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1996. (FHL book 980 D43p.) | ||
=== Given Names === | === Given Names === | ||
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Given names are translated into 23 different European languages (including English) in: | Given names are translated into 23 different European languages (including English) in: | ||
Janowowa, Wanda, and others. Sownik Imion (Dictionary of Names). Wroclaw: Ossoli[1]ski, 1975. (FHL book 940 D4si; film 1181578 item 2; fiche 6000839.) | * Janowowa, Wanda, and others. Sownik Imion (Dictionary of Names). Wroclaw: Ossoli[1]ski, 1975. (FHL book 940 D4si; film 1181578 item 2; fiche 6000839.) | ||
Many books discuss names and their meanings. Books that provide understanding of Spanish names include: | Many books discuss names and their meanings. Books that provide understanding of Spanish names include: | ||
Gordon, Raymond L. Spanish Personal Names. Yellow Springs, Ohio: Antioch College, 1968. (FHL book 980 D4g; film 0924066.) | * Gordon, Raymond L. Spanish Personal Names. Yellow Springs, Ohio: Antioch College, 1968. (FHL book 980 D4g; film 0924066.) | ||
Gosnell, Charles F. Spanish Personal Names, Principles Governing Their Formation and Use. New York: H.W. Wilson Co., 1938 (reprinted by Blaine Ethridge Books, Detroit, 1971). (FHL book 980 D4go.) | * Gosnell, Charles F. Spanish Personal Names, Principles Governing Their Formation and Use. New York: H.W. Wilson Co., 1938 (reprinted by Blaine Ethridge Books, Detroit, 1971). (FHL book 980 D4go.) | ||
Gran Diccionario de los nombres de persona, origen, significado y onomástica de más de 5.500 nombres (Great Dictionary of Personal Names, Origin, Significance and Onomastics of the Major 5,500 Names). Barcelona: Editorial de Vecchi, S.A., 1998. (FHL book 946 D46g.) | * Gran Diccionario de los nombres de persona, origen, significado y onomástica de más de 5.500 nombres (Great Dictionary of Personal Names, Origin, Significance and Onomastics of the Major 5,500 Names). Barcelona: Editorial de Vecchi, S.A., 1998. (FHL book 946 D46g.) | ||
[[Category:Peru]] | [[Category:Peru]] | ||