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Many people came to Pennsylvania and the other colonies as '''indentured servants'''. For an excellent discussion of "unfree labor," see Sharon V. Salinger, ''To Serve Well and Faithfully: Labor and Indentured Servants in Pennsylvania, 1682-1800'' (New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 1987; Family History Library book {{FHL|604594|item|disp=FHL book 974.8 E6ss}}. It includes the names of some individuals who were indentured servants. The sources Salinger used can provide examples of the kind of records to search to find out information about these individuals.  
Many people came to Pennsylvania and the other colonies as '''indentured servants'''. For an excellent discussion of "unfree labor," see Sharon V. Salinger, ''To Serve Well and Faithfully: Labor and Indentured Servants in Pennsylvania, 1682-1800'' (New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 1987; Family History Library book {{FHL|604594|item|disp=FHL book 974.8 E6ss}}. It includes the names of some individuals who were indentured servants. The sources Salinger used can provide examples of the kind of records to search to find out information about these individuals.  
An interesting collection of records compiled during the Revolutionary War period that may provide helpful information on families is ''Pennsylvania, Supreme Executive Council, Application for Passes, 1775-1790'' (Family History Library film {{FHL|685312|item|disp=FHL film 1759080}}. See Guide to the Microfilm of the Records of Pennsylvania Revolutionary Governments, 1775-1790 in the "'''[[United States Archives and Libraries|Archives and Libraries]]'''" article on this site for a list of names in these records.


In the 1870s Pennsylvania attracted large numbers of immigrants from '''southern and eastern Europe'''. These included Slavs, Poles, Italians, Jews, Russians, and Greeks. During the 19th and especially the 20th centuries, blacks from the southern states also moved to Pennsylvania in large numbers.  
In the 1870s Pennsylvania attracted large numbers of immigrants from '''southern and eastern Europe'''. These included Slavs, Poles, Italians, Jews, Russians, and Greeks. During the 19th and especially the 20th centuries, blacks from the southern states also moved to Pennsylvania in large numbers.  


For an account of some of these groups see John E. Bodnar, ''The Ethnic Experience in Pennsylvania'' (Lewisburg, Pennsylvania : Bucknell University Press, 1973; Family History Library book {{FHL|257844|item|disp=FHL book 974.8 F2bo}}.  
For an account of some of these groups see:
*Bodnar, John E. ''The Ethnic Experience in Pennsylvania.'' (Lewisburg, Pa.: Bucknell University Press, 1973). {{FHL|257844|item|disp=FHL book 974.8 F2bo}}.


*The [http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/FH23&CISOPTR=54515&REC=7 Israel Daniel Rupp Collection of 30,000 Pennsylvania immigrants from 1727-1776] is online in PDF form at the Brigham Young University Family History Archives.<br><br>For the period 1792-1794, there is A Health Officer's Register of Passenger's Names at the State Archives (but not at the Family History Library) that lists the names of ship passengers.<br><br>In ''Pennsylvania Archives'', Series 2 vol. 17, pp. 521-667, is ''Names of Foreigners Arriving in Pennsylvania, 1786-1808'', which appears to be the same records covering a longer span of time. Some entries include place of birth. They are also included in Strassburger and Hinke, Pennsylvania German Pioneers, which is listed below.
=== Records ===


'''Philadelphia '''has been a major port of entry for European immigrants since the seventeenth century. The Family History Library has microfilm copies of passenger arrival records from the National Archives, including:  
'''Philadelphia '''has been a major port of entry for European immigrants since the seventeenth century. The Family History Library has microfilm copies of passenger arrival records from the National Archives, including:  
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*Lists, 1800-1906, 1883-1921 Pennsylvania passenger lists for 1 July 1948 to 30 November 1954 were destroyed before they were microfilmed.  
*Lists, 1800-1906, 1883-1921 Pennsylvania passenger lists for 1 July 1948 to 30 November 1954 were destroyed before they were microfilmed.  
*Bentley, Elizabeth P., and Michael H. Tepper.''Passenger Arrivals at the Port of Philadelphia, 1800-1819''. Baltimore, Maryland.: Genealogical Publishing, 1986. {{FHL|383565|item|disp=FHL book 974.811 W3p}}
*Bentley, Elizabeth P., and Michael H. Tepper.''Passenger Arrivals at the Port of Philadelphia, 1800-1819''. Baltimore, Maryland.: Genealogical Publishing, 1986. {{FHL|383565|item|disp=FHL book 974.811 W3p}}
An interesting collection of records compiled during the Revolutionary War period that may provide helpful information on families is ''Pennsylvania, Supreme Executive Council, Application for Passes, 1775-1790'' (Family History Library film {{FHL|685312|item|disp=FHL film 1759080}}. See Guide to the Microfilm of the Records of Pennsylvania Revolutionary Governments, 1775-1790 in the "'''[[United States Archives and Libraries|Archives and Libraries]]'''" article on this site for a list of names in these records.
*The [http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/FH23&CISOPTR=54515&REC=7 Israel Daniel Rupp Collection of 30,000 Pennsylvania immigrants from 1727-1776] is online in PDF form at the Brigham Young University Family History Archives.<br><br>For the period 1792-1794, there is A Health Officer's Register of Passenger's Names at the State Archives (but not at the Family History Library) that lists the names of ship passengers.<br><br>In ''Pennsylvania Archives'', Series 2 vol. 17, pp. 521-667, is ''Names of Foreigners Arriving in Pennsylvania, 1786-1808'', which appears to be the same records covering a longer span of time. Some entries include place of birth. They are also included in Strassburger and Hinke, Pennsylvania German Pioneers, which is listed below.


See Also:  
See Also:  
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*Wokeck, Marianne S. ''Trade in Strangers: The Beginnings of Mass Migration to North America''. University Park, Pa.: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1999. {{FHL|1023023|item|disp=FHL&nbsp;Book 970 W2w}}.
*Wokeck, Marianne S. ''Trade in Strangers: The Beginnings of Mass Migration to North America''. University Park, Pa.: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1999. {{FHL|1023023|item|disp=FHL&nbsp;Book 970 W2w}}.


Many ships were built in Philadelphia in the late 1600s and 1700s.<ref>Harrold E. Gillingham, "Some Colonial Ships Built in Philadelphia," ''The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography,'' Vol. 56, No. 2 (Apr. 1932):156-186. For free online access, see [http://www.werelate.org/wiki/Source:Historical_Society_of_Pennsylvania._Pennsylvania_Magazine_of_History_and_Biography WeRelate].</ref>
Many ships were built in Philadelphia in the late 1600s and 1700s.<ref>Harrold E. Gillingham, "Some Colonial Ships Built in Philadelphia," ''The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography,'' Vol. 56, No. 2 (Apr. 1932):156-186. For free online access, see [http://www.werelate.org/wiki/Source:Historical_Society_of_Pennsylvania._Pennsylvania_Magazine_of_History_and_Biography WeRelate].</ref>  


=== Migration Out of Pennsylvania  ===
=== Migration Out of Pennsylvania  ===


During the colonial period, many immigrants lived temporarily in Pennsylvania before resettling elsewhere in the colonies - particularly those of German and Scotch-Irish background. Many went to the backcountry regions of [[Virginia|Virginia]] and [[North Carolina|North Carolina]].<ref>Wayland Fuller Dunaway, "Pennsylvania as an Early Distributing Center of Population," ''The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography,'' Vol. 55, No. 2 (Apr. 1931):134-169. For free online access, see [http://www.werelate.org/wiki/Source:Historical_Society_of_Pennsylvania._Pennsylvania_Magazine_of_History_and_Biography WeRelate].</ref>
During the colonial period, many immigrants lived temporarily in Pennsylvania before resettling elsewhere in the colonies - particularly those of German and Scotch-Irish background. Many went to the backcountry regions of [[Virginia|Virginia]] and [[North Carolina|North Carolina]].<ref>Wayland Fuller Dunaway, "Pennsylvania as an Early Distributing Center of Population," ''The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography,'' Vol. 55, No. 2 (Apr. 1931):134-169. For free online access, see [http://www.werelate.org/wiki/Source:Historical_Society_of_Pennsylvania._Pennsylvania_Magazine_of_History_and_Biography WeRelate].</ref>  


== Web Sites  ==
== Web Sites  ==
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== References  ==
== References  ==
{{reflist}}
 
{{reflist}}  


'''Wiki articles describing online collections are found at:'''  
'''Wiki articles describing online collections are found at:'''  
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