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{{infobox ethnic group
{{infobox ethnic group
|group = Cherokee
|group = <center>Cherokee</center>
|image = [[Image:Cherokees Indians in London.jpg|232x231px]]
|image = [[Image:Cherokees Indians in London.jpg|232x231px]]
|poptime =
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|popplace = '''Ancestral Homelands''': Alabama to Virginia, northern Georgia, western North Carolina, and southern Tennessee<br>  
|popplace = '''Ancestral Homelands''': Alabama to Virginia, northern Georgia, western North Carolina, and southern Tennessee<br>  
'''Descendants''':<br>
'''Descendants''':<br>
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|linguistic = Iroquoian  
|linguistic = Iroquoian  
|cultural = Southern Appalachian Mountains  
|cultural = Southern Appalachian Mountains  
|related-c = One of what is often called the [[Five Civilized Tribes|"Five Civilized Tribes" and]]  
|related-c = One of what is often called the [[Five Civilized Tribes|"Five Civilized Tribes"]]  
}}<br>
}}  
 
==Introduction==
 
Cherokee Tribe is one of the [[Five Civilized Tribes|Five Civilized Tribes]]: [[Cherokee Indians|Cherokee]], [[Choctaw Indians|Choctaw]], [[Chickasaw Indians|Chickasaw]], [[Creek Indians|Creek]] and [[Seminole Nation|Seminole]] 


'''Leaders: '''Sequoyah, Elias Boudinot, [http://nancywardcherokee.blogspot.com Nancy Ward]  
'''Leaders: '''Sequoyah, Elias Boudinot, [http://nancywardcherokee.blogspot.com Nancy Ward]  


=== '''Tribal Headquarters''' ===
[http://bonnieramsey.hubpages.com/hub/The-Seven-Clans-of-the-Cherokee '''Clans:'''] Wolf (Aniwahya), Wild Potato (Anigatogewi) , Deer (Anikawi), Bird (Ani Tsiskwa), Paint (Aniwodi), Blue (Anisahoni), and Long Hair (Anigilohi)


Cherokee Nation Tribal [http://www.cherokee.org/Government/Default.aspx www.cherokee.org/Government/Default.aspx Government]<br>P.O. Box 948<br>Tahlequah, OK 74465<br>Phone: 1-918-453-5000  
'''Bands:'''
 
*[[Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians of North Carolina|Eastern Band Cherokee]]
*[[United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians in Oklahoma|United Keetoowah]]: many are descendants of the "Old Settlers", Cherokee who migrated to Arkansas and Oklahoma about 1817.
*[https://echotacherokee.org/index.html Echota Cherokee Tribe of Alabama]
*Oconaluftee Cherokee
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas_Cherokees Texas Band of Cherokee]
*[http://www.canadianok.com/Kiamichi.html Western Band Of Cherokee]
 
==Tribal Headquarters==
 
'''Cherokee Nation Tribal'''<br>17675 S. Muskogee Ave.<br>Tahlequah, OK 74464<br>P.O. Box 948<br>Tahlequah, OK 74465<br>Phone: 918-453-5000<br>[http://www.cherokee.org/ Website]
 
'''Cherokee Heritage Center - Cherokee National Historical Society'''<br>21192 S. Keller Drive <br>Park Hill, OK 74451 <br>Phone: 918-456-6007<br>PO Box 515<br>Tahlequah, OK 74465-0515<br>[https://www.cherokeeheritage.org/ Cherokee Heritage Center Website]


*Official Web Site of the [http://www.cherokee.org/ Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma]


=== History ===
==History==


The Spanish explorer De Soto was the first to encounter the Cherokee in the1540's.  
The Spanish explorer De Soto was the first to encounter the Cherokee in the 1540s.  


During the French and Indian War and the Revolutionary War the tribe supported the British.  
During the French and Indian War and the Revolutionary War the tribe supported the British.  


By 1820 a group that had tired of the encroachment by settler migrated to Indian Territory which is now Arkansas.  
By 1820 a group that had tired of the encroachment by settlers migrated to Indian Territory which is now Arkansas.  


Sequoya (George Grist) a mixed blood, developed the Cherokee alphabet, helping to make the tribe a literate people.  
Sequoya (George Grist) a mixed blood, developed the Cherokee alphabet, helping to make the tribe a literate people.  


In the 1830's gold was discovered in their Nation, this became a catalist for removal. With the signing of the Treaty of New Echota, December 29, 1835 the tribe sold their remaining land and agreed to move west of the Mississippi.  
In the 1830s gold was discovered in their Nation, this became a catalyst for removal. With the signing of the Treaty of New Echota (see [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_New_Echota Wikipedia] for more information), December 29, 1835 the tribe sold their remaining land and despite much tribe disapproval, were moved west of the Mississippi.  


The removal to Indian Territory (Oklahoma)occured in the winter of 1838-1839, with a 800 mile journey, this became known as the "Trail of Tears", with a loss of one-fourth of their tribe. They joined an earlier group known as "old settlers" who had been in Arkansas. Another group that had been in Mexico (Texas) was forced by government troops to move, they went to the mountains of North Carolina where in 1842, they obtained permission to stay. The Texas group are now a&nbsp;part of the Eastern Band of Cherokee.  
The removal to Indian Territory (Oklahoma) occurred in the winter of 1838-1839, with an 800 mile journey, this became known as the "Trail of Tears", with a loss of one-fourth of their tribe. They joined an earlier group known as "old settlers" who had been in Arkansas. Another group that had been in Mexico (Texas) was forced by government troops to move, they went to the mountains of North Carolina where in 1842, they obtained permission to stay. The Texas group are now a part of the Eastern Band of Cherokee.  


The Cherokee were slave owners, and resided in areas encompassed by southern influence many of them enlisted in the Confederate Army. A Treaty signed in 1866 remitted them to the United States. They were required to release their slaves. Others had joined the Union Army.  
The Cherokee were slave owners, and resided in areas encompassed by southern influence many of them enlisted in the Confederate Army. A Treaty signed in 1866 remitted them to the United States. They were required to release their slaves. Others had joined the Union Army.  


In 1870 some [[Delaware Indians|Delaware]] and [[Shawnee Indians|Shawnee]] from Kansas were admitted to the tribe.  
In 1870 some [[Delaware Indians|Delaware]] and [[Shawnee Indians|Shawnee]] from [[Indians of Kansas|Kansas]] were admitted to the tribe.
 
There are three band of Cherokee recognized by the Federal government; Cherokee Nation, [[Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians of North Carolina|Eastern Band of Cherokee]], and [[United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians in Oklahoma|United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee]]
 
==Brief Timeline==
 
*'''1689-1763:''' [[French and Indian War, 1754-1763|French and Indian War]], the Cherokee supported the English
*1710-1715 The Cherokee and Chickasaw were allies with the British and fought the Shawnee who were alies with the French
*'''1721''': The Governor of the Carolinas signed the Cherokee Treaty. This was one of the first concession of land.
*'''1736:''' Jesuit Mission was founded
*'''1738-1750:''' Smallpox epidemics
*'''1775-83:''' During Revolutionary War supported the British
*'''1800: '''"Moravian," Protestant missionaries of German origin, established the first mission at Spring Place.
*'''1801-1823:''' An Indian agent, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Return_J._Meigs,_Sr. Return J. Meigs], lived among the Cherokee.
*'''1805-1833:''' The State of Georgia holds eight lotteries to distribute land seized from the Cherokee and Creeks
*'''1806:''' a Federal road from Savannah, Georgia to Knoxville, Tennessee was built through Cherokee land.
*'''1816:''' [http://digital.library.okstate.edu/encyclopedia/entries/I/IN018.html Lovely's Purchase]. [[Osage Indians|Osage]] agreed to cede land in Arkansas to the United States for the Cherokee people.
*'''1817:''' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Turkeytown "Treaty of Turkeytown"] finalized the exchange for land in [[Indians of Arkansas|Arkansas]]. The "Old Settlers" begin their migration.
*'''1819-1821:''' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequoyah Sequoyah] (George Gist) created the Cherokee alphabet.
*'''1827: '''Tribal leaders recorded their constitution
*'''1828:''' [[Indians of Georgia|Georgia]] held a lottery for Cherokee lands.
*'''1828:''' ''Cherokee Phoenix,'' a bilingual newspaper, contained columns in both English and Cherokee. Editor -- Elias Boudinot
*'''December 1835:''' Treaty of New Echota, traded Cherokee lands in the southeast for land in Indian Territory (Oklahoma)
*'''1838: '''First Group; Start of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trail_of_Tears Trail of Tears], 800-mile journey; 1838-39 - Second group; 4,000 Cherokees died
*Cherokee Nation created and divided into the following '''districts''' or counties: Canadian, Cooweescoowee, Delaware, Going Snake, Flint, Illinois, Saline, Sequoyah and Tahlequah
*'''1851:''' Drennen Roll, Is a roll of the Cherokee Emigrants who were forced to remove from the Cherokee Nation and the Old Settlers who moved voluntarily before the forced removal.
*'''1861:''' Beginning of the [[American Indians in the Civil War|Civil War]]. A treaty was signed between the Cherokee Nation and the Confederate government.
*'''1861-1865:''' Civil War Some Cherokee fought with the Confederate and others with the Union
*'''1865:'''Eastern Band lost many to a smallpox epidemic
*'''1866:''' July 19, Treaty provided for the cession of the Cherokee "neutral lands" in [[Indians of Kansas|Kansas]]. Native Americans living on the land could receive a patent to 320 acres but stipulated that they would no longer be members of the Cherokee nation. The treaty also gave emancipation to all the Cherokee slaves. and citizenship to the Cherokee freedmen. <br>
*'''1880:''' Cherokee Nation Census FS Library film 989204
*'''1887:''' General [[American Indian Allotment Records|Allotment Act]] passed. This act required individual ownership of lands once held in common by the Cherokee people.
*'''1889:''' Unassigned lands in Indian Territory were opened to white settlers. ([[Oklahoma Land and Property|Oklahoma Land Rush]])
*'''1893:''' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherokee_Outlet Cherokee Outlet] was opened for white settlers.
*'''1898:''' The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curtis_Act_of_1898 Curtis Act] dismantled tribal governments.
*'''1906:''' A final agreement was reached between the federal government and the Cherokee people. The [[Dawes Commission Enrollment Records for Five U.S. Indian Tribes|Dawes Commission]] (all [[Five Civilized Tribes]]: Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Cree and Seminole) created the enrollment records.
*'''1907:''' Oklahoma became the 46th State.
*Cherokee Nation divided into '''ten counties''': Adair, Cherokee, Craig, Delaware, Maynes, Nowata, Rogers, Sequoyah, Tulsa, and Washington
*'''1909:''' [[The U.S. Eastern Cherokee or Guion Miller Roll|Guion Miller Rolls]], Cherokee only, who applied for a share of the money from a law suit settlement against the United States
*'''1953:''' U.S. Congress began a new policy of [http://digital.library.okstate.edu/encyclopedia/entries/t/te014.html termination] for the Native American tribes. The policy ended the protected trust status of all native-owned lands. The BIA began a voluntary urban [http://digital.library.okstate.edu/encyclopedia/entries/t/te014.html relocation] program. Native Americans could move from their rural tribes to a metropolitan area. Many indigenous people relocated to Chicago, Denver, Los Angeles, San Francisco, San Jose, St. Louis, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Dallas and Seattle. It is estimated that 750,000 Native Americans migrated to the cities between 1950-1980. <br>
*'''1968:''' [http://www.tribal-institute.org/lists/icra1968.htm Indian Civil Rights Act] restored the right to hold popular elections.
 
'''Additional References to the History of the Tribe and/or Bands'''
 
*Frederick Webb Hodge, in his [https://accessgenealogy.com/native/cherokee-tribe.htm Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico], gave a more complete history of the Cherokee tribe, with estimations of the population of the tribe at various time periods. Additional details are given in John Swanton's [https://accessgenealogy.com/native/handbook-of-american-indians-north-of-mexico.htm The Indian Tribes of North America].
*Benjamin Greenleaf. Cherokee Almanac. 1860. FS Library Film 989199 item 3
*Fredrea Marilyn Hermann Cook. Forgotten Oklahoma Records. Cullman, Alabama: Gregath Co., 1981. FS Library Book 970.3 C424co
*Allen, Maud Bliss. ''Census Records and Cherokee Muster Rolls''. Washington, D.C.: n.p., 1935. This source contains the Cherokee census of 1835 of Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, and Tennessee. Online at:[https://www.familysearch.org/library/books/records/item/568464-census-records-and-cherokee-muster-rolls?offset=1 FamilySearch Digital Library].
 
*United States. Bureau of Indian Affairs. ''Census Roll, 1835, of the Cherokee Indians East of the Mississippi and Index to the Roll, Tennessee, Alabama, North Carolina, Georgia.'' National Archives Microfilm Publications, T0496. Washington, D.C.: National Archives, 1960. {{FSC|284332|item|disp=FS Library film 833322}}
 
*Siler, David W. ''The Eastern Cherokees, A Census of the Cherokee Nation in North Carolina, Tennessee, Alabama and Georgia in 1851.'' Cottonport, Louisiana: Polyanthus, 1972. {{FSC|60983|item|disp=FS Catalog book 970.3 C424sd}} This list contains the names of each person’s father, mother and children, with their ages and relationship (De Kalb, Jackson, and Marshall Counties). An index is included.
 
*Malone, Henry Thompson. ''Cherokees of the Old South: A People in Transition''. Athens, Georgia: University of Georgia Press, 1956. {{FSC|81182|item|disp=FS Catalog book 970.3 C424ma}} See the maps before the preface. At the end of the book there is a bibliography.
 
*''Cherokee scion''. Nelson, Karleen Emmrich and Nelson, Eugene P. Emmrich Publishing, March 2005. Online at:[https://www.familysearch.org/library/books/records/item/37018-cherokee-scion?offset=2 FamilySearch Digital Library].
*''The Eastern Cherokees''. Gilbert, William Harlen. Smithsonian Institution, 1943. Online at:[https://www.familysearch.org/library/books/records/item/325369-the-eastern-cherokees?offset=3 FamilySearch Digital Library].
*''Census records and Cherokee muster rolls''. Allen, Maud Bliss. 1935. Online at:[https://www.familysearch.org/library/books/records/item/568464-census-records-and-cherokee-muster-rolls?offset=1 FamilySearch Digital Library].
*''Cherokee census record of 1835 and muster rolls : copied 1935 in Washington, D.C.''. Allen, Maud Bliss. 1935. Online at:[https://www.familysearch.org/library/books/records/item/605229-cherokee-census-record-of-1835-and-muster-rolls-copied-1935-in-washington-d-c?offset=2 FamilySearch Digital Library].
 
*[https://cherokeeregistry.com/ The Cherokee Registry]. This site is meant to aid families in researching their Cherokee ancestry.


There are three band of Cherokee recognized by the Federal government; Cherokee Nation, Eastern Band of Cherokee, and [[United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians in Oklahoma|United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee]]
*United States. Bureau of Indian Affairs. [[Cherokee Indian Agency (Tennessee)|Cherokee Agency]]. ''Records of the Cherokee Agency in Tennessee, 1801–1835.'' National Archives Microfilm Publications, M0208. Washington, D.C.: National Archives, 1952. {{FSC|285733|item|disp=FS Library films 1024418–31}} These records deal with the entire Cherokee Nation. They contain information about passes given to people during 1801 to 1804 allowing them to go through the Cherokee lands. These records also mention claims filed 1816 to 1833 and include the names of Army officers at posts; unauthorized settlements on Indian lands; land office records; and names of traders, settlers, missionaries, chiefs, and members of the tribe. See the introduction at the beginning of the first film to learn about the contents of these records. Many individuals are listed, however there is no index.


==== Brief Timeline  ====
*United States. Office of Indian Affairs. ''Letters Received, 1824–1881; Registers of Letters Received, 1824–1880.'' National Archives Microfilm Publications, M0018, M0234. Washington, D.C.: National Archives, 1942, 1956. {{FSC|403528|item|disp=FS Library film 1638620 (first of 1088 films)}} There are letters in this collection pertaining to each of the major tribes, but they are not indexed.


*'''1689-1763:''' French and Indian War, the Cherokee supported the English
*Tyner, James W. ''Those Who Cried: The 16,000: A Record of the Individual Cherokees Listed in the United States Official Census of the Cherokee Nation Conducted in 1835''. N.p.: Chi-ga-u, 1974. {{FSC|438530|item|disp=FS Catalog book 970.3 C424tj}} Non-Cherokee census takers in 1835 made lists of Cherokees in Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, and Tennessee. There are some errors because they did not understand the native languages. The government defined a person as an Indian if he or she had one-quarter degree of Indian blood. The book is indexed and has excellent maps for that period.<br>
*'''1736:''' Jesuit Mission was founded
*'''1738-1750:''' Smallpox epidemics
*'''1775-83:''' During Revolutionary War supported the British
*'''1800: '''"Moravians," Protestant missionaries of German origin, established the first mission at Spring Place.  
*'''1801-1823:''' An Indian agent, Return J. Meigs, lived among the Cherokee.
*'''1819-1821:''' Sequoyah (George Gist) created the Cherokee alphabet.
*'''1827: '''Tribal leaders recorded their constitution
*'''1828:''' ''Cherokee Phoenix,'' a bilingual newspaper, contained columns in both English and Cherokee. Editor -- Elias Boudinot
*'''December 1835:''' Treaty of New Echota
*'''1838: '''First Group; Start of Trail of Tears, 800-mile journey; 1838-39 - Second group; 4,000 Cherokees died
*'''1865:<span id="fck_dom_range_temp_1271186596656_863" /> '''Eastern Band lost many to a smallpox epidemic
*'''1866:''' July 19, Treaty provided for the cession of the Cherokee "neutral lands" in Kansas.&nbsp; Indians living on the land could receive a patent to 320 acres but stipulated that they would no longer be members of the Cherokee nation.


==== '''Additional References to the History of the Tribe and/or Bands'''  ====
==Jurisdictions==


Frederick Webb Hodge, in his [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/cherokee/cherohist.htm Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico<span id="fck_dom_range_temp_1264036454169_785" />], gave a more complete history of the Cherokee tribe, with estimations of the population of the tribe at various time periods. Additional details are given in John Swanton's [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tennessee/cherokeeindianhist.htm The Indian Tribes of North America].
===The Cherokee Tribe was under the following jurisdictions:===


==== The Cherokee Tribe was under the following jurisdictions  ====
====Agencies====


===== Agencies  =====
The '''majority of records of individuals were those created by the agencies'''. Some records may be available to tribal members through the tribal headquarters. They were (and are) the local office of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, and were charged with maintaining records of the activities of those under their responsibility. Among these records are:<br>


[[Cherokee Indian Agency (North Carolina)|Cherokee Agency]] (North Carolina and [[Cherokee Indian Agency (Arkansas)|Arkansas]])
*[[American Indian Allotment Records|Allotment records]]
*[[American Indian Annuity Rolls|Annuity rolls]]
*[[American Indian Census Rolls|Census records]]
*[[American Indian Correspondence and Reports|Correspondence]]
*[[American Indian Health Records|Health records]]
*[[American Indian Correspondence and Reports|Reports]]
*[[American Indian School Records|School census and records]]
*[[American Indian Vital Records Supplements in Census Rolls|Vital records]]


[[Union Indian Agency (Oklahoma)|Union Agency]]  
*[[Cherokee Indian Agency (North Carolina)|Cherokee Agency]] (North Carolina and [[Cherokee Indian Agency (Arkansas)|Arkansas]])
*[[Union Indian Agency (Oklahoma)|Union Agency]]


===== Reservations =====
====Reservations====


*'''Qualla Reservation '''for Eastern Cherokees, in Swain and Jackson counties, North Carolina  
*'''Qualla Reservation '''for Eastern Cherokees, in Swain and Jackson counties, North Carolina
*'''Cheowah Reservation '''in Graham county, North Carolina
*'''Cheowah Reservation '''in Graham county, North Carolina


===== Superintendencies  =====
====Superintendency====


[[Arkansas Superintendency of Indian Affairs|Arkansas Superintendency]]  
*[[Arkansas Superintendency of Indian Affairs|Arkansas Superintendency]]
*[[Western Superintendency of Indian Affairs|Western Superintendency]]
*[[Southern Superintendency of Indian Affairs|Southern Superintendency]]
*[[Central Superintendency of Indian Affairs|Central Superintendency]]


[[Western Superintendency of Indian Affairs|Western Superintendency]]
==Records==


[[Southern Superintendency of Indian Affairs|Southern Superintendency]]
Cherokee Nation. Oklahoma Historical Society. Indian Archives (Vital, Land and Property, Court, Probate, and School records) {{FSC|529945|item|disp=FS Library film 1666294}} first of 129 films


[[Central Superintendency of Indian Affairs|Central Superintendency]]
*Genealogy; Cherokee Notes by James Manford Carselowey. 1980. {{FSC| 768983|item|disp= FS Library Book: 970.3 C424jmc}}
*Records of the Cherokee Indian Agency in Tennessee, 1801-1835. {{FSC|285733|item|disp=FS Library film 1024418}}
*Cherokee Almanac, 1860. by Benjamin Greenleaf {{FSC|276475|item|disp=FS Library Film 989199 Item 3}}
*Cherokee Almanac, 1861. By Benjamin Greenleaf {{FSC|737764|item|disp=FS Library Fiche 6333956}}


=== '''Records'''  ===
===Agency Records===


Genealogy; Cherokee Notes by James Manford Carselowey. 1980. {{FHL|Book: 970.3 C424cay}}  
Agency Records 1898-1950 (East) Cherokee Agency. United States. Bureau of Indian Affairs. {{FSC|144388|item|disp=FS Library film 1249974}} first film of 7


Forgotten Oklahoma Records ( Allotment) by Fredrea Marlyn Hermann Cook. 1981. {{FHL|Film: 1035512}} item 4 or {{FHL|Book: 970.3 C424co }}  
Cherokee Indian Agency in Tennessee, 1801-1835. United States. Bureau of Indian Affairs. (M0208) {{FSC|285733|item|disp= FS Library 1024418}} first of 14 films


Township Plats, Cherokee Nation. Ttahlequah, Oklahoma. {{FHL|Film: 989209 }}
===Allotment Records===


Cherokee emigration rolls, 1817-1835. {{FHL|Book: 970.3 C424be }}  
*Five Civilized Indian Tribes Land Allotment Records, 1899-1907, (NARA RG 75) Oklahoma, Indian Territory, Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs. On Line. {{FSC |1390101|item|disp=FS Library film 4124879}} first film


==== '''Census Records'''  ====
*Forgotten Oklahoma Records ( Allotment) by Fredrea Marilyn Hermann Cook. 1981. {{FSC|105053|item|disp= Film: 1035512}} item 4 or FS Library Book: 970.3 C424co
*Township Plats, Cherokee Nation. Tahlequah, Oklahoma. {{FSC|118773|item|disp= FS Library Film: 989209}}


*'''1835''' Cherokee Nation [http://hometown.aol.com http://hometown.aol.com]
===Annuity Records===
*1835,1837,1838 Cherokee Muster Rolls (Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, Tennessee) {{FHL|Film: 908999}} Item 2
*'''1851 '''Chapman Roll [http://www.tngennet.org www.tngennet.org]
*1851 Drennen Roll (Eastern Cherokees who came west after 1835) {{FHL|Film: 924606}} item 5
*'''1851 '''Old Settler Roll [http://www.accessgenealogy.com www.accessgenealogy.com] (A list of Cherokee still living in1851 who lived in Indian Territory before 1839)
*'''1852 '''Siler Roll [http://members.aol.com http://members.aol.com] {{FHL|Book: 970.3 C424sd }}
*'''1854''' Roll Cherokee Indians prepared by Mallay [http://www.accessgenealogy.com www.accessgenealogy.com]
*'''1880''' Cherokee Census [http://www.accessgenealogy.com www.accessgenealogy.com] {{FHL|Film: 989204 }}
*'''1890 '''Wallace Roll - Cherokee Freedmen (African Americans - Cherokee citizenship) [http://www.afregeneas.com www.afregeneas.com]&nbsp;{{dead link}}
*1890 Eastern Band of Cherokees {{FHL film: 1009060 item 5
*1896 Tahlequah District {{FHL|Film: 989203}} item 2
*'''1896-1897 '''Kern - Clifton Roll [http://www.accessgenealogy.com www.accessgenealogy.com] (contains 4523 individules missed on the Wallace Roll.)
*'''1924 '''Baker Roll [http://www.easternband.com www.easternband.com] also on {{FHL|Film: 847744}} and {{FHL|Film: 847745}}


===== Additional Records Available through the Family History Library =====
Annuity Records, 1905-1910 {{FSC|29521|item|disp=FS Library film 1030883}}


*Mullary Roll 1848, Siler Roll 1851, 1852, Chapman Roll 1852, Swetland Roll 1869 and Hester Roll 1883 {{FHL|Film: 847743}} Item 2
===Census Records===
*Revised Roll 1924-1970 {{FHL|Films: 847746-847748}}
*Historical Roll 1908, Churchill Roll 1908, Baker Roll 1924, Miller Roll 1909, Baker-revised Roll 1967 {{FHL|Film: 847749 }}
*''The Cherokee Phoenix'', 1828-1835. {{FHL|Film: 825726 }}
*''Cherokee Advocate'', October 1844-September 1846, {{FHL|Film: 989202 }}item 7
*''Cherokee One Feather'', 1969-1973. {{FHL|Film: 965784}} item 4 and {{FHL|Film 979257}} item 8
*Probate Records 1892-1908, Northern District Cherokee Nation by Orpha Jewell Wever {{FHL|Book: 976.6 P2w}}


==== School Records ====
*'''1835''' [https://web.archive.org/web/20170714171241/http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~itcherok/genealogy/rolls-census.htm Cherokee Nation]
*1835 Henderson Roll (Eastern Cherokee) (most detailed census) enumerated 16,000 Cherokees residing in Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina and Tennessee. [https://familysearch.org/search/catalog/284332 Film: 833322]<br>
*'''1835, 1837, 1838''' Cherokee Muster Rolls (Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, Tennessee) {{FSC|908999|disp=Film: 908999}} Item 2
*'''1848''' [http://cherokeeregistry.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=387&Itemid=582 Mullay Roll] Census of Cherokees remaining in North Carolina.
*'''1848-1970''' [https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/61907/ U.S., Eastern Cherokee Indian Reservation Rolls, 1848-1970] Ancestry - index & images ($)
*'''1851''' [http://www.tngennet.org/cherokee_by_blood/chapman.htm Chapman Roll]
*'''1851''' [https://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/drennen-rolls.htm Drennen Roll] (Eastern Cherokees who came west after 1835) {{FSC|924606|disp=Film: 924606}} item 5
*'''1851 '''[https://accessgenealogy.com/oklahoma/old-settlers-roll.htm Old Settler Roll] (A list of Cherokee still living in 1851 who lived in Indian Territory before 1839)
*'''1851''' Siler Roll, list of Eastern Cherokees entitled to payments per the 1835
*'''1852 '''Siler Roll {{FSC|970.3 C424sd|disp=Book: 970.3 C424sd }}
*'''1852''': [http://www.tngenweb.org/cherokee_by_blood/chapman.htm Chapman Roll,] supplement to the Siler Roll
*'''1854''' Roll Cherokee Indians prepared by Mallay [http://www.accessgenealogy.com www.accessgenealogy.com]
*'''1867''' Powell Roll, census of North Carolina Cherokees entitled to annuity payments
*'''1869''' [http://cherokeeregistry.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=387&Itemid=582 Swetland Roll] updated the Mullay Roll made to facilitate removal payments
*'''1880''' Cherokee Census [http://www.accessgenealogy.com www.accessgenealogy.com] {{FSC|989204|disp=Film: 989204}}
*'''1884''' [https://accessgenealogy.com/native/native-american-indian-rolls.htm Hester Roll] census of the remaining Eastern Cherokees in 1883
*'''1890 '''[https://accessgenealogy.com/native/wallace-roll.htm Wallace Roll - Cherokee Freedmen] (African Americans - Cherokee citizenship)
*'''1890''' Eastern Band of Cherokees {{FSC|1009060|disp=FS Library film: 1009060}} item 5
*'''1890''' Census of the Cherokee Nation, Canadian District.{{FSC|779062|item|disp=FS Library film 1666296}}
*'''1896''' Tahlequah District {{FSC|989203|disp=Film: 989203}} item 2
*'''1896-1897 '''Kern - Clifton Roll [http://www.accessgenealogy.com www.accessgenealogy.com] (contains 4523 individuals missed on the Wallace Roll.)
*'''1898-1939''' Indian Census rolls, Cherokee {{FSC| 737657|item|disp= FS Library film 573869}} first of five
*'''1924''' [https://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/1924-baker-roll.htm Baker Roll] also on {{FSC|847744|disp=Film: 847744}} and {{FSC|847745|disp=Film: 847745}}
*Maude Bliss Allen, Census Records and Cherokee Muster Rolls. Washington, 1935. {{FSC|970.1 Al|disp=FS Library Book 970.1 Al}} #54
*'''1896''' Census of Citizens of Tahlequah District, Cherokee Nation {{FSC|989203|disp=FS Library Film 989203}} item 2


*Saline District, Cherokee Nation, School records 1900 {{FHL|Film: 989202 }}item 6
The Bureau of Indian Affairs compiled annual Indian Census rolls on many of the reservations from 1885-1940. They list the names of individuals, their age, and other details about each person enumerated. For more information about these records [[American Indian Census Rolls|click here.]] <br>
*Delaware District, Cherokee Nation. Beatties Prairie School {{FHL|Film: 989203}} item 1
*Cherokee National Seminary, male and female seminary records, 1881-1882. {{FHL|Film: 1025299}} item 1
*Cherokee National Female Seminary 1876-1909. {{FHL|Film: 989203}} items 3, 6
*Cherokee National Male Seminary 1876-1909. {{FHL|Film: 989202}} item 5 and {{FHL|Film: 989203}} item 5


<br>
<br>  


The Bureau of Indian Affairs compiled annual Indian Census rolls on many of the reservations from 1885-1940. They list the names of individuals, their age, and other details about each person enumerated. For more information about these records [[American Indian Census Rolls|click here.]]
{| cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1"
 
{| border="1" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1"
|-
|-
! scope="col" | '''Tribe'''  
! scope="col" |'''Tribe'''
! scope="col" | '''Agency'''  
! scope="col" |'''Agency'''
! scope="col" | '''Location of Original records'''  
! scope="col" |'''Location of Original records'''
! scope="col" |  
! scope="col" |
'''Post - 1885 Census'''  
'''Post - 1885 Census'''  


'''M595 RG 75 Rolls 693'''  
'''M595 RG 75 Rolls 693'''  


'''Foll Number'''
'''Roll Number'''  


! scope="col" |  
! scope="col" |
'''FHL'''  
'''FHL'''  


'''Film'''  
'''Film'''  


'''Number'''
'''Number'''  


|-
|-
|  
|
Cherokee  
Cherokee  


North Carolina
North Carolina  


|  
|
Cherokee Indian Agency,  
Cherokee Indian Agency,  


1886-1952
1886-1952  


| Atlanta  
|Atlanta
| Roll 22  
|Roll 22
|FS Library Films: 573,868-573,872
|-
| -
| -
|-
|1898-1914
| 1898-1914  
| -
| -  
| -
| -  
|FS Library Film:573,868
| -
| {{FHL|Film:573868}}
|}
|}


{| border="1" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1"
<br>
 
'''Additional Census Records Available through the FamilySearch Library'''
 
*Mullary Roll 1848, Siler Roll 1851, 1852, Chapman Roll 1852, Swetland Roll 1869 and Hester Roll 1883 {{FSC|847743|disp=Film: 847743}} Item 2
*Revised Roll 1924-1970 {{FSC|847746|disp=Films: 847746-847748}}
*Historical Roll 1908, Churchill Roll 1908, Baker Roll 1924, Miller Roll 1909, Baker-revised Roll 1967 {{FSC|847749|disp=Film: 847749}}
*''The Cherokee Phoenix'', 1828-1835. {{FSC|825726|disp=Film: 825726}}
*''Cherokee Advocate'', October 1844-September 1846, {{FSC|989202|disp=Film: 989202}} item 7
*[https://familysearch.org/search/catalog/260726 ''Cherokee One Feather''], 1969-1973.
*Probate Records 1892-1908, Northern District Cherokee Nation by Orpha Jewell Wever {{FSC|976.6 P2w|disp=Book: 976.6 P2w}} <br>
 
===Church Records===
 
* '''1817 - 1861''' The American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions
 
* '''1803''' Moravian Missions
 
* '''1817''' Baptist Missions and Missionaries
 
* '''1822''' Methodist Missions
 
See: [[Moravian Church in the United States|Moravian Church]] Records
 
Crews, C. Daniel and Richard W. Starbuck. Records of the Moravians Among the Cherokees. Early Contact and the Establishment of the First Mission 1752-1802. Cherokee National Press. Tahlequah, OK  FS Library book 970.3 C424cdm Vol. C. 2010. [http://www.worldcat.org/title/faith-and-tears-the-moravian-mission-among-the-cherokee/oclc/44430426 WorldCat]
 
Crews, Daniel C. and Richard W. Starbuck. With Courage for the Future: The Story of the Moravian Church Southern Province Winston-Salem: Moravian Church in America, Southern Province, 2002. FS Library 973 K3cw [http://www.worldcat.org/title/with-courage-for-the-future-the-story-of-the-moravian-church-southern-province-1751-2003/oclc/866353972 WorldCat]<br>
 
McLoughlin. William G. Cherokees and Missionaries, 1789-1839. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1984.FS Library 970.3 mw [http://www.worldcat.org/title/cherokees-and-missionaries-1789-1839/oclc/866399877 WorldCat]<br>
 
Mc Clinton, Rowena. The Moravian Springplace Mission to the Cherokees Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press, 2007.  FS Library 970.1 C424gir [http://www.worldcat.org/title/moravian-springplace-mission-to-the-cherokees-1805-1821/oclc/866718675 WorldCat]<br>
 
Starr, Emmet. ''Early History of the Cherokees  Embracing Aboriginal Customs, Religion, Laws, Fork Lore and Civilization''. 1917. FS Library 970.3 C424sea [http://www.worldcat.org/title/early-history-of-the-cherokees-embracing-aboriginal-customs-religion-laws-folk-lore-and-civilization/oclc/738334024 WorldCat]
 
===Citizenship===
 
* '''1880''' [https://familysearch.org/search/catalog/785232 Cherokee citizenship documents, 1880.] Oklahoma Historical Society Indian Archives Division.
 
==Enrollment Records==
 
*[[Dawes Commission Enrollment Records for Five U.S. Indian Tribes|Dawes Commission Enrollment]] for [[Five Civilized Tribes]]
*Eastern Cherokee - [[The U.S. Eastern Cherokee or Guion Miller Roll|Guion Miller]]
 
Find out if you are a [https://www.archives.gov/research/microfilm/m2104.pdf Cherokee] by having your ancestor's name checked to the 1924 Baker Roll.
 
''Only the Names Remain''. by Sandi Garrett {{FSC|684750|item|disp=FS Catalog book 970.3 C424gs Vol 1-6 }}
 
==Removal==
 
The [http://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/Indian.html Indian Removal Act] was signed May 26, 1830 by President Andrew Jackson. The Act initiated a policy of removal of Native Americans tribes living east of the Mississippi River to land west of the river.
 
*[https://catalog.archives.gov/id/131051882 List and Schedule of Cherokees and their Families Enrolled for Emigration West Since July 1, 1833. NAID 131051882 - National Archives Catalog]
*Cherokee Emigration Rolls, 1817-1835. by Jack D. Baker. {{FSC|58571|item|disp= FS Library Book: 970.3 C424be}}
*Lists of North Carolina Cherokee who removed to the Cherokee Nation West, Cherokee (Tahlequah). Oklahoma Historical Society. Indian Archives Division {{FSC|77891|item|disp= FS Library film 1666295 item 3 }}
*Garrett,Sandi. ''AKA Also Known As''. Cherokee and Pioneer names they were known by before and after the forced removal {{FSC|669764|item|disp=FS Catalog book 9703 424ak}} '''These books link the Drennen Roll (1851) and the Guion Miller (1906-1910) Applications together to help establish family connections.'''
*"Indexes to Compiled Service Records of Volunteer Soldiers who Served During the Cherokee Disturbances and Removal in Organizations From the State of Tennessee and the Field and Staff of the Army of the Cherokee Nation" (NARA M908) ({{FSC|1205384|disp=FS Library film 1205384}}) ([http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/17249016 Worldcat]) The compiled service records have not been microfilmed.
 
:The above collection is also available online:
:*[https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/61592/ U.S. Army Indian Campaign Service Records Index, 1815-1858] (Ancestry) ($)
 
*The [https://okhistory.pastperfectonline.com/ Oklahoma Historical Society] site and research center has excellent information on Indian Removal, Census, Freedman Resources, Tribes in Oklahoma, Timelines for the removal of the Cherokee tribe and more.
 
*1835 [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/trail_of_tears.htm Trail of Tears]
*''Cherokee Removal:  The Journal of Rev. Daniel S. Butrick''. by Trail of Tears Association. FS Library book 970.3 Cv424bds
*Library and Archives of Thomas Gilcrease - Institute of American History in Tulsa, Oklahoma
 
==Newspapers==
 
[http://www.cherokeeobserver.org/ ''The Cherokee Observer''] The only independent Cherokee Newspaper. of the United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians in Oklahoma.
 
[https://www.facebook.com/pages/Cherokee-Phoenix/109012179336 ''The Cherokee Phoenix''] is a tribal media organization.
 
''Annotated Obituaries from the Cherokee Advance'', ''Canton, Georgia, 1880-1938'' by John Carver<br>2003.Over 600 pages.<br>
 
==School Records==
 
*Saline District, Cherokee Nation, School Records 1900 {{FSC|989202|disp=Film: 989202}} item 6
*Delaware District, Cherokee Nation. Beatties Prairie School {{FSC|989203|disp=Film: 989203}} item 1
*Cherokee National Seminary, Male and Female Seminary Records, 1881-1882. {{FSC|1025299|disp=Film: 1025299}} item 1
*Cherokee National Female Seminary 1876-1909. {{FSC|989203|disp=Film: 989203}} items 3, 6
*Cherokee National Male Seminary 1876-1909. {{FSC|989202|disp=Film: 989202}} item 5
*Arcadia School Records, 190. Saline District, Cherokee Nation {{FSC|989202|disp=FS Library Film: 989202}} item 6
*T. L. Ballenger. Early History of Northeastern State College {{FSC|989203|disp=FS Library Film 989203}}
*Beatties Prairie School, Registers of Pupils, 1876-1881. Delaware Cherokee Nation {{FSC|989203|disp=FS Library Film 989203}}
*Cherokee Agency (East) U.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs, School Records, 1907-1948 {{FSC|110544|item|disp=FS Library film 1249958}} first of two films
 
==Correspondence==
 
{| cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1"
|-
|-
! scope="col" | '''Tribe'''  
! scope="col" |'''Tribe'''
! scope="col" | '''Agency'''  
! scope="col" |'''Agency'''
! scope="col" | '''Location of Original Records'''  
! scope="col" |'''Location of Original Records'''
! scope="col" |  
! scope="col" |
'''Pre-1880 Correspondence M234'''  
'''Pre-1880 Correspondence M234'''  


'''RG 75 Rolls 962'''  
'''RG 75 Rolls 962'''  


'''Roll Number'''
'''Roll Number'''  


! scope="col" | '''FHL Film Number'''
! scope="col" |'''FS Library Film Number'''
|-
|-
| Cherokee  
|Cherokee
|  
|
Cherokee Agency,  
Cherokee Agency,  


1824-80
1824-80  


| Washington D.C.  
|Washington D.C.
| Rolls 71-118  
|Rolls 71-118
|1,660,801 - 848
|-
|Cherokee
|[[Union Indian Agency (Oklahoma)|Union Agency]], 1875-1914
|Washington D.C. and Fort Worth
|Rolls 865-77
|1,661,595 - 607
|-
|Cherokee
|[[Five Civilized Tribes Indian Agency (Oklahoma)|Five Civilized Tribes Agency]] Muskogee, 1914-60
|Fort Worth
| -
| -
|-
| Cherokee
| Union Agency, 1875-1914
| Washington D.C. and Fort Worth
| Rolls 865-77
| -
| -
|-
|-
| Cherokee  
|Cherokee, North Carolina
| Five Civilized Tribes Agency Muskogee, 1914-60
|Cherokee Indian Agency, 1886-1952
| Fort Worth
|Atlanta
| -
| -
| -
|-
| Cherokee, North Carolina
| Cherokee Indian Agency, 1886-1952
| Atlanta
| -
| -
| -
|-
|-
| Cherokee Eastern  
|Cherokee Eastern
| Cherokee Indian Agency, 1886-1952  
|Cherokee Indian Agency, 1886-1952
| Atlanta  
|Atlanta
| '''-'''  
|'''-'''
| '''-'''
|'''-'''
|}
|}


'''<br>'''
==Treaties==


==== '''Enrollment Records'''  ====
The year link (year of the treaty) will connect to an online copy of the treaty.


*[[Dawes Commission Enrollment Records for Five U.S. Indian Tribes|Dawes Commision Enrollement]] for Five Civilized Tribes
During the latter part of the 18th Century and most of the 19th Century, treaties were negotiated between the federal government and individual native tribes. The treaties provide helpful information about the history of the tribe, but usually only include the names of those persons who signed the treaty. For more information about treaties, [[American Indian Treaties with the United States|click here]].
*Eastern Cherokee - [[The U.S. Eastern Cherokee or Guion Miller Roll|Guion Miller]]
 
Treaties to which the Cherokee Indians were a part were:


Find out if you are a [http://www.cherokee-nc.com/genealogy-check2.php?page=108 Cherokee] by having your ancestor's name checked to the 1924 Baker Roll.  
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/che0008.htm '''1785'''] November 28, at Hopewell.
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/che0029.htm '''1791'''] July 2, on Holston River
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/che0033.htm '''1794'''] June 26, at Philadelphia
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/che0051.htm '''1798'''] October 2, at Tellico
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/che0073.htm '''1804'''] October 24,at Tellico
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/che0082.htm '''1805'''] October 25, at Tellico
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/che0084.htm '''1805'''] October 27, at Tellico
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/che0090.htm '''1806'''] '''January 7, at Washington'''
*September 11, 1807,
*August 9, 1814, referred to
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/che0124.htm '''1816'''] March 22, at Washington
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/che0133.htm '''1816'''] September 14, at Chickasaw Council House
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/che0140.htm '''1817'''] July 8, at Cherokee Agency
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/che0177.htm '''1819'''] February 27, at Washington
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/che0288.htm '''1828'''] May 6, at Washington, Western Cherokee
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/che0385.htm '''1833'''] February 14, at Fort Gibson
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/che1041.htm '''1835'''] March 14, unratified
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/com0435.htm '''1835'''] August 24, at Camp Holmes
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/che0439.htm '''1835'''] December 29, at New Echota
*March 1, 1836, supplementary
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/che0561.htm '''1846'''] August 6, at Washington, with Western Cherokee
*September 13, 1865, at Fort Smith - unratified
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/che0942.htm '''1866'''] July 19, at Washington
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/che0996.htm '''1868'''] April 27, Western Band Treaties
*May 6, 1828, at Washington
*February 14, 1833


=== '''Removal'''  ===
==Vital Records==


1835 Trail of Tears [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/trail_of_tears.htm www.accessgenealogy]&nbsp;
Prior to the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Reorganization_Act Indian Reorganization Act], the Bureau of Indian Affairs, through their agencies, may have recorded some vital events. Some were recorded on health forms, such as the "[[American Indian Sanitary Record of Sick, Injured, Births, Deaths, etc.|Sanitary Record of]] Sick, Injured, Births, Deaths, etc." Others were recorded as supplements to the "[[American Indian Census Rolls|Indian Census Rolls]]." Some were included in the unindexed reports and other correspondence of the Bureau of Indian Affairs.


=== '''Treaties'''  ===
Some vital records for the Cherokee Nation include:


The year link (year of the treaty) will connect to an online copy of the treaty.  
*Cherokee Agency, M 595, births and deaths 1924-1932, [https://familysearch.org/search/catalog/results?count=20&query=%2Bfilm_number%3A573871 1926-1939], [https://familysearch.org/search/catalog/results?count=20&query=%2Bfilm_number%3A573872 FS Library Film: 573872]<br>


During the latter part of the 18th Century and most of the 19th Century, treaties were negotiated between the federal government and individual Indian tribes. The treaties provide helpful information about the history of the tribe, but usually only include the names of those persons who signed the treaty. For more information about treaties, [[American Indian Treaties with the United States|click here]].
*Marriage Records for the Cherokee Indian in Delaware District, 1867-1898 Oklahoma Historical Society. Indian Archives Division. {{FSC|779081|item|disp= FS Library film 1666325 item 1 }}first of four films


Treaties to which the Cherokee Indians were a part were:
*Marriage records for Cooweescoowee District, 1867-1898. Oklahoma Historical Society. Indian Archives Division {{FSC|779077|item|disp=FS Library film 1666317}}


*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/che0008.htm '''1785'''] November 28, at Hopewell.
*Marriages for Flint District, 1874-1895. Oklahoma Historical Society. Indian Archives Division. {{FSC|784662|item|disp=FS Library film 1666331 item 3 and item 8}}
*November 28, 1785, referred to
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/che0029.htm '''1791''']July 2, on Holston River
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/che0033.htm '''1794'''] June 26, at Philadelphia
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/che0051.htm '''1798'''] October 2, at Tellico
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/che0073.htm '''1804'''] October 24,at Tellico
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/che0082.htm '''1805'''] October 25, at Tellico
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/che0084.htm '''1805'''] October 27, at Tellico
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/che0090.htm '''1806''']'''January 7, at Washington'''
*September 11, 1807,
*August 9, 1814, referred to
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/che0124.htm '''1816'''] March 22, at Washington
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/che0133.htm '''1816'''] September 14, at Chickasaw Council House
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/che0140.htm '''1817'''] July 8, at Cherokee Agency
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/che0177.htm '''1819'''] February 27, at Washington
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/che0288.htm '''1828'''] May 6, at Washington, Western Cherokee
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/che0385.htm '''1833'''] February 14, at Fort Gibson
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/che1041.htm '''1835'''] March 14, unratified
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/com0435.htm '''1835'''] August 24, at Camp Holmes
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/che0439.htm '''1835'''] December 29, at New Echota
*March 1, 1836, supplementary
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/che0561.htm '''1846'''] August 6, at Washington,with Western Cherokee
*September 13, 1865, at Fort Smith-unratified
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/che0942.htm '''1866'''] July 19, at Washington
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/che0996.htm '''1868'''] April 27,Western Band Treaties
*May 6, 1828, at Washington
*February 14, 1833,


==== '''Vital Records'''  ====
*Marriages for Going Snake District, 1880-1898 {{FSC|784476|item| disp= FS Library film 1666332}}


Prior to the Indian Reorganization Act, the Bureau of Indian Affairs, through their agencies, may have recorded some vital events. Some were recorded on health forms, such as the "[[American Indian Sanitary Record of Sick, Injured, Births, Deaths, etc.|Sanitary Recordof]] Sick, Injured, Births, Deaths, etc." Others were recorded as supplements to the "[[American Indian Census Rolls|Indian Census Rolls]]." Some were included in the unindexed reports and other correspondence of the Bureau of Indian Affairs.
*Marriage Records for Illinois District, 1868-1898 {{FSC|778910|item|disp= FS Library film 1666334}}


Some vital records for the Cherokee Indians include:
*Marriage Records for the Saline District of the Cherokee Nation, 1868-1894. Oklahoma Historical Society. Indian Archives Division. {{FSC|784841|item|disp=FS Library film 1666337 Item 1 and 2}}


*Cherokee Agency, M 595, births and deaths 1924-1932, {{FHL|Film: 573871 }}1926-1939, {{FHL|Film: 573872}}
*Marriage licenses and marks and brands for Sequoyah District in the Cherokee District, 1874-1898 {{FSC|784845|item|disp= FS Library film 1666339}}


==== '''Indian Pioneer Papers'''  ====
*Marriage records for Tahlelquah District in the Cherokee Nation, 1892-1897. Oklahoma Historical Society, Indian Archives Division. {{FSC|785224|item|dips= FS Library film 1666341 item 12}}


In 1936, the Oklahoma Historical Society and University of Oklahoma requested a writer's project grant from the Works Progress Administration (WPA) in which interviews would be conducted with early settlers in Oklahoma who had lived on Indian land. More than 100 writers conducted over 11,000 interviews and were asked to "call upon early settlers and (record) the story of the migration to Oklahoma and their early life here." <ref>Blackburn, Bob L. "Battle Cry for History: The First Century of the Oklahoma Historical Society." n.d. Oklahoma Historical Society. 5 Oct. 1998.</ref> The [http://digital.libraries.ou.edu/whc/pioneer/ University of Oklahoma Western History Collection] has digitized the Indian Pioneer Papers which consists of approximately 80,000 indexed entries arranged alphabetically by personal name, place name, or subject. <ref>The University of Oklahoma Western History Collections http://digital.libraries.ou.edu/whc/pioneer/</ref> An index to the Indian Pioneer Papers may also be found at [http://www.okgenweb.org/pioneer/ OkGenWeb Oklahoma Genealogy.] A separate index of Indians interviewed, including the Cherokee, may be viewed at: [http://goodoowah.50megs.com/indpio/ “Indians in the Indian Pioneer Papers”] Some of the surnames from the Cherokee tribe found in the collection are: Adair (Rider), Anderson, Beaver, Brewer, Bohanan, Burch (Choate), Campbell, Candy, Chambers (Ketcher), Coodey, Crutchfield (Lane), Daniels (Cummins), Daughtery (Morris), Drew, Dugan, Duncan, Harlan (James), Keys (Porter), Ketcher (Langley), Langley, Lynch, Marcham, McClure (Keith), Miller (Watts), Morris, Phillips (Keith), Rider (Howland), Ross, Rutherford (Rider), Starr, Vann, West (Spring).
==Indian Pioneer Papers==


===== References  =====
In 1936, the Oklahoma Historical Society and University of Oklahoma requested a writer's project grant from the Works Progress Administration (WPA) in which interviews would be conducted with early settlers in Oklahoma who had lived on Indian land. More than 100 writers conducted over 11,000 interviews and were asked to "call upon early settlers and (record) the story of the migration to Oklahoma and their early life here." <ref>Blackburn, Bob L. "Battle Cry for History: The First Century of the Oklahoma Historical Society." n.d. Oklahoma Historical Society. 5 Oct. 1998.</ref> The [http://digital.libraries.ou.edu/whc/pioneer/ University of Oklahoma Western History Collection] has digitized the Indian Pioneer Papers which consists of approximately 80,000 indexed entries arranged alphabetically by personal name, place name, or subject. <ref>The University of Oklahoma Western History Collections http://digital.libraries.ou.edu/whc/pioneer/</ref> An index to the Indian Pioneer Papers may also be found at [http://www.okgenweb.org/pioneer/ OKGenWeb Oklahoma Genealogy.] A separate index of Native Americans interviewed, including the Cherokee, may be viewed at: [http://goodoowah.50megs.com/indpio/ “Indians in the Indian Pioneer Papers”] Some of the surnames from the Cherokee tribe found in the collection are: Adair (Rider), Anderson, Beaver, Brewer, Bohanan, Burch (Choate), Campbell, Candy, Chambers (Ketcher), Coodey, Crutchfield (Lane), Daniels (Cummins), Daughtery (Morris), Drew, Dugan, Duncan, Harlan (James), Keys (Porter), Ketcher (Langley), Langley, Lynch, Marcham, McClure (Keith), Miller (Watts), Morris, Phillips (Keith), Rider (Howland), Ross, Rutherford (Rider), Starr, Vann, West (Spring). FS Library microfiche number: 6,016,865 (first fiche number)<br>


{{reflist}}
===FamilySearch Library===


=== '''Important Web Sites'''  ===
The FamilySearch Catalog has over 1670 records of interest to the [https://familysearch.org/search/catalog/results?count=20&query=%2Bsubject%3ACherokee%20%2Bsubject%3AIndians Cherokee Indians]


{{Wikipedia|Cherokee}}
The following is a FS Library book which is an ebook and may be downloaded.


*Constitution of the [http://www.cherokee.org/Government/Default.aspx?section=Commissions&Commission=CCC Cherokee Nation]
[https://familysearch.org/search/catalog/365633 ''Martha Jane (Thornton) Williams (1842-1918), Indian History and Genealogy''].
*Official Web Site of the [http://www.cherokee.org/ Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma]
*[http://www.allthingscherokee.com/ All Things Cherokee website]-- a largely commercial website with a free message board and some free information about Cherokee research and records'''.'''
*[http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/cherokee/cherohist.htm Cherokee]  
*Cherokee Native Americans [http://cherokeenativeamericans.blogspot.com http://cherokeenativeamericans.blogspot.com]
*Native American Research [http://nativeamericanresearch.blogspot.com http://nativeamericanresearch.blogspot.com]


<br>
==Websites==
*Constitution of the [https://www.cherokee.org/our-government/cherokee-nation-constitution/ Cherokee Nation]
*Official Web Site of the [http://www.cherokee.org/ Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma]
*[http://www.allthingscherokee.com/ All Things Cherokee website]-- a largely commercial website with a free message board and some free information about Cherokee research and records'''.'''
*[http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/cherokee/cherohist.htm Cherokee]
*Cherokee Native Americans http://cherokeenativeamericans.blogspot.com
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20170714171241/http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~itcherok/genealogy/rolls-census.htm Cherokee Nation Indian Territory Research]


=== '''Bibliography'''  ===
==For Further Reading==


*[http://www.archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/075.html Guide to Federal Records in the National Archives; Record Group 75], Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs.
For background information to help find Native American ancestors see [[American Indian For Further Reading|'''For Further Reading''']].  
*Hodge, Frederick Webb. ''Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico''. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1906 [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/ Available online].
*Klein, Barry T., ed. ''Reference Encyclopedia of the American Indian''. Nyack, New York: Todd Publications, 2009. 10th ed. [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/317923332?referer=list_view WorldCat 317923332]; {{FHL|1122745|title-id|disp=Family History Library book 970.1 R259e}}.
*Malinowski, Sharon and Sheets, Anna, eds. The Gale Encyclopedia of Native American Tribes. Detroit: Gale Publishing, 1998. 4 volumes. Includes: Lists of Federally Recognized Tribes for U.S., Alaska, and Canada – pp. 513-529 Alphabetical Listing of Tribes, with reference to volume and page in this series Map of “Historic Locations of U.S. Native Groups” Map of “Historic Locations of Canadian Native Groups” Map of “Historic Locations of Mexican, Hawaiian and Caribbean Native Groups” Maps of “State and Federally Recognized U.S. Indian Reservations. [http://www.worldcat.org/search?q=no:037475188 WorldCat 37475188]; {{FHL|831087|title-id|disp=Family History Library book 970.1 G131g}}.


:Vol. 1 -- Northeast, Southeast, Caribbean
'''See also:'''
:Vol. 2 -- Great Basin, Southwest, Middle America
:Vol. 3 -- Arctic, Subarctic, Great Plains, Plateau
:Vol. 4 -- California, Pacific Northwest, Pacific Islands


*Schultz, Janice. ''[http://broadcast.lds.org/elearning/fhd/Community/Mid_Continent_Library/Cherokee_Genealogy/Player.html Cherokee Genealogy]'' (32 minute online video) [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/education/frameset_education.asp?PAGE=education_research_series_online.asp%3FActiveTab=2 FamilySearch Research Classes Online, and Mid-Continent Public Library Midwest Genealogy Center], 2010.
*[[Eastern Cherokee or Guion Miller Roll]]
*[[The U.S. Eastern Cherokee or Guion Miller Roll]]
*[[Dawes Commission Enrollment Records]]
*[[Dawes Commission Enrollment Records for Five U.S. Indian Tribes]]
*[[American Indian Enrollment Records]]


*Sturtevant, William C. ''Handbook of North American Indians''. 20 vols., some not yet published. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1978– . <br>
==References==


:Volume 1 -- Not yet published
{{reflist}}  
:Volume 2 -- Indians in Contemporary Society (pub. 2008) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/234303751&referer=brief_results WorldCat 234303751]<br>
:Volume 3 -- Environment, Origins, and Population (pub. 2006) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/255572371&referer=brief_results WorldCat 255572371]<br>
:Volume 4 -- History of Indian-White Relations (pub. 1988) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/19331914&referer=brief_results WorldCat 19331914]; {{FHL|248632|title-id|disp=Family History Library book 970.1 H191h v.4}}.<br>
:Volume 5 -- Arctic (pub. 1984) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/299653808&referer=brief_results WorldCat 299653808]; {{FHL|248632|title-id|disp=Family History Library book 970.1 H191h v.5}}.<br>
:Volume 6 -- Subarctic (pub. 1981) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/247493742&referer=brief_results WorldCat 247493742]; {{FHL|248632|title-id|disp=Family History Library book 970.1 H191h v.6}}.<br>
:Volume 7 -- Northwest Coast (pub. 1990) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/247493311&referer=brief_results WorldCat 247493311]<br>
:Volume 8 -- California (pub. 1978) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/13240086&referer=brief_results WorldCat 13240086]; {{FHL|248632|title-id|disp=Family History Library book 970.1 H191h v.8}}.<br>
:Volume 9 -- Southwest (pub. 1979) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/26140053&referer=brief_results WorldCat 26140053]; {{FHL|248632|title-id|disp=Family History Library book 970.1 H191h v.9}}.<br>
:Volume 10 -- Southwest (pub. 1983) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/301504096&referer=brief_results WorldCat 301504096]; {{FHL|248632|title-id|disp=Family History Library book 970.1 H191h v.10}}.
:Volume 11 -- Great Basin (pub. 1986) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/256516416&referer=brief_results WorldCat 256516416]; {{FHL|248632|title-id|disp=Family History Library book 970.1 H191h v.11}}.<br>
:Volume 12 -- Plateau (pub. 1998) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/39401371&referer=brief_results WorldCat 39401371]; {{FHL|248632|title-id|disp=Family History Library book 970.1 H191h v.12}}.<br>
:Volume 13 -- Plains, 2 vols. (pub. 2001) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/48209643&referer=brief_results WorldCat 48209643]<br>
:Volume 14 -- Southeast (pub. 2004) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/254277176&referer=brief_results WorldCat 254277176]
:Volume 15 -- Northwest (pub. 1978) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/256517503&referer=brief_results WorldCat 356517503]; {{FHL|248632|title-id|disp=Family History Library book 970.1 H191h v.15}}.<br>
:Volume 16 -- Not yet published
:Volume 17 -- Languages (pub. 1996) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/43957746&referer=brief_results WorldCat 43957746]<br>
:Volume 18 -- Not yet published
:Volume 19 -- Not yet published
:Volume 20 -- Not yet published


*Swanton John R. ''The Indian Tribes of North America''. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #145 [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/indianlocation.htm Available online].
{{Native American nav}}  
*Waldman, Carl. ''Encyclopedia of Native American Tribes''. New York, New York: Facts on File, 2006. 3rd ed. [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/14718193?referer=list_view WorldCat 14718193]; {{FHL|1465222|title-id|disp=Family History Library book 970.1 W146e 2006}}.


[[Category:Indian_Tribes_of_the_United_States|Indian_Tribes_of_the_United_States]] [[Category:Indian_Tribes_of_North_America|Indian_Tribes_of_North_America]] [[Category:FamilySearch_Research_Classes_Online]]
[[Category:Indigenous Tribes of Tennessee]]  
[[Category:Indigenous Tribes of South Carolina]]  
[[Category:Indigenous Tribes of North Carolina]]
[[Category:Indigenous Tribes of Oklahoma]]
[[Category:Indigenous Tribes of the United States]]
[[Category:FamilySearch_Research_Classes_Online]]
[[Category:Indigenous Tribes of Georgia (state)]]

Latest revision as of 14:29, 18 April 2024


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Beginning Research
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Guide to Cherokee Nation ancestry, family history and genealogy: birth records, marriage records, death records, census records, parish registers, and other agency records.

Cherokee
Cherokees Indians in London.jpg
Regions with significant populations
Ancestral Homelands: Alabama to Virginia, northern Georgia, western North Carolina, and southern Tennessee

Descendants:
A large portion of the tribe was removed to Indian Territory in the 1830s. Some remained in North Carolina.

Status

Federally recognized

Linguistic Group

Iroquoian

Cultural Group

Southern Appalachian Mountains

Other Related Ethnic Groups

One of what is often called the "Five Civilized Tribes"

Introduction

Cherokee Tribe is one of the Five Civilized Tribes: Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Creek and Seminole

Leaders: Sequoyah, Elias Boudinot, Nancy Ward

Clans: Wolf (Aniwahya), Wild Potato (Anigatogewi) , Deer (Anikawi), Bird (Ani Tsiskwa), Paint (Aniwodi), Blue (Anisahoni), and Long Hair (Anigilohi)

Bands:

Tribal Headquarters

Cherokee Nation Tribal
17675 S. Muskogee Ave.
Tahlequah, OK 74464
P.O. Box 948
Tahlequah, OK 74465
Phone: 918-453-5000
Website

Cherokee Heritage Center - Cherokee National Historical Society
21192 S. Keller Drive
Park Hill, OK 74451
Phone: 918-456-6007
PO Box 515
Tahlequah, OK 74465-0515
Cherokee Heritage Center Website


History

The Spanish explorer De Soto was the first to encounter the Cherokee in the 1540s.

During the French and Indian War and the Revolutionary War the tribe supported the British.

By 1820 a group that had tired of the encroachment by settlers migrated to Indian Territory which is now Arkansas.

Sequoya (George Grist) a mixed blood, developed the Cherokee alphabet, helping to make the tribe a literate people.

In the 1830s gold was discovered in their Nation, this became a catalyst for removal. With the signing of the Treaty of New Echota (see Wikipedia for more information), December 29, 1835 the tribe sold their remaining land and despite much tribe disapproval, were moved west of the Mississippi.

The removal to Indian Territory (Oklahoma) occurred in the winter of 1838-1839, with an 800 mile journey, this became known as the "Trail of Tears", with a loss of one-fourth of their tribe. They joined an earlier group known as "old settlers" who had been in Arkansas. Another group that had been in Mexico (Texas) was forced by government troops to move, they went to the mountains of North Carolina where in 1842, they obtained permission to stay. The Texas group are now a part of the Eastern Band of Cherokee.

The Cherokee were slave owners, and resided in areas encompassed by southern influence many of them enlisted in the Confederate Army. A Treaty signed in 1866 remitted them to the United States. They were required to release their slaves. Others had joined the Union Army.

In 1870 some Delaware and Shawnee from Kansas were admitted to the tribe.

There are three band of Cherokee recognized by the Federal government; Cherokee Nation, Eastern Band of Cherokee, and United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee

Brief Timeline

  • 1689-1763: French and Indian War, the Cherokee supported the English
  • 1710-1715 The Cherokee and Chickasaw were allies with the British and fought the Shawnee who were alies with the French
  • 1721: The Governor of the Carolinas signed the Cherokee Treaty. This was one of the first concession of land.
  • 1736: Jesuit Mission was founded
  • 1738-1750: Smallpox epidemics
  • 1775-83: During Revolutionary War supported the British
  • 1800: "Moravian," Protestant missionaries of German origin, established the first mission at Spring Place.
  • 1801-1823: An Indian agent, Return J. Meigs, lived among the Cherokee.
  • 1805-1833: The State of Georgia holds eight lotteries to distribute land seized from the Cherokee and Creeks
  • 1806: a Federal road from Savannah, Georgia to Knoxville, Tennessee was built through Cherokee land.
  • 1816: Lovely's Purchase. Osage agreed to cede land in Arkansas to the United States for the Cherokee people.
  • 1817: "Treaty of Turkeytown" finalized the exchange for land in Arkansas. The "Old Settlers" begin their migration.
  • 1819-1821: Sequoyah (George Gist) created the Cherokee alphabet.
  • 1827: Tribal leaders recorded their constitution
  • 1828: Georgia held a lottery for Cherokee lands.
  • 1828: Cherokee Phoenix, a bilingual newspaper, contained columns in both English and Cherokee. Editor -- Elias Boudinot
  • December 1835: Treaty of New Echota, traded Cherokee lands in the southeast for land in Indian Territory (Oklahoma)
  • 1838: First Group; Start of Trail of Tears, 800-mile journey; 1838-39 - Second group; 4,000 Cherokees died
  • Cherokee Nation created and divided into the following districts or counties: Canadian, Cooweescoowee, Delaware, Going Snake, Flint, Illinois, Saline, Sequoyah and Tahlequah
  • 1851: Drennen Roll, Is a roll of the Cherokee Emigrants who were forced to remove from the Cherokee Nation and the Old Settlers who moved voluntarily before the forced removal.
  • 1861: Beginning of the Civil War. A treaty was signed between the Cherokee Nation and the Confederate government.
  • 1861-1865: Civil War Some Cherokee fought with the Confederate and others with the Union
  • 1865:Eastern Band lost many to a smallpox epidemic
  • 1866: July 19, Treaty provided for the cession of the Cherokee "neutral lands" in Kansas. Native Americans living on the land could receive a patent to 320 acres but stipulated that they would no longer be members of the Cherokee nation. The treaty also gave emancipation to all the Cherokee slaves. and citizenship to the Cherokee freedmen.
  • 1880: Cherokee Nation Census FS Library film 989204
  • 1887: General Allotment Act passed. This act required individual ownership of lands once held in common by the Cherokee people.
  • 1889: Unassigned lands in Indian Territory were opened to white settlers. (Oklahoma Land Rush)
  • 1893: Cherokee Outlet was opened for white settlers.
  • 1898: The Curtis Act dismantled tribal governments.
  • 1906: A final agreement was reached between the federal government and the Cherokee people. The Dawes Commission (all Five Civilized Tribes: Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Cree and Seminole) created the enrollment records.
  • 1907: Oklahoma became the 46th State.
  • Cherokee Nation divided into ten counties: Adair, Cherokee, Craig, Delaware, Maynes, Nowata, Rogers, Sequoyah, Tulsa, and Washington
  • 1909: Guion Miller Rolls, Cherokee only, who applied for a share of the money from a law suit settlement against the United States
  • 1953: U.S. Congress began a new policy of termination for the Native American tribes. The policy ended the protected trust status of all native-owned lands. The BIA began a voluntary urban relocation program. Native Americans could move from their rural tribes to a metropolitan area. Many indigenous people relocated to Chicago, Denver, Los Angeles, San Francisco, San Jose, St. Louis, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Dallas and Seattle. It is estimated that 750,000 Native Americans migrated to the cities between 1950-1980.
  • 1968: Indian Civil Rights Act restored the right to hold popular elections.

Additional References to the History of the Tribe and/or Bands

  • Frederick Webb Hodge, in his Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico, gave a more complete history of the Cherokee tribe, with estimations of the population of the tribe at various time periods. Additional details are given in John Swanton's The Indian Tribes of North America.
  • Benjamin Greenleaf. Cherokee Almanac. 1860. FS Library Film 989199 item 3
  • Fredrea Marilyn Hermann Cook. Forgotten Oklahoma Records. Cullman, Alabama: Gregath Co., 1981. FS Library Book 970.3 C424co
  • Allen, Maud Bliss. Census Records and Cherokee Muster Rolls. Washington, D.C.: n.p., 1935. This source contains the Cherokee census of 1835 of Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, and Tennessee. Online at:FamilySearch Digital Library.
  • United States. Bureau of Indian Affairs. Census Roll, 1835, of the Cherokee Indians East of the Mississippi and Index to the Roll, Tennessee, Alabama, North Carolina, Georgia. National Archives Microfilm Publications, T0496. Washington, D.C.: National Archives, 1960. FS Library film 833322
  • Siler, David W. The Eastern Cherokees, A Census of the Cherokee Nation in North Carolina, Tennessee, Alabama and Georgia in 1851. Cottonport, Louisiana: Polyanthus, 1972. FS Catalog book 970.3 C424sd This list contains the names of each person’s father, mother and children, with their ages and relationship (De Kalb, Jackson, and Marshall Counties). An index is included.
  • Malone, Henry Thompson. Cherokees of the Old South: A People in Transition. Athens, Georgia: University of Georgia Press, 1956. FS Catalog book 970.3 C424ma See the maps before the preface. At the end of the book there is a bibliography.
  • United States. Bureau of Indian Affairs. Cherokee Agency. Records of the Cherokee Agency in Tennessee, 1801–1835. National Archives Microfilm Publications, M0208. Washington, D.C.: National Archives, 1952. FS Library films 1024418–31 These records deal with the entire Cherokee Nation. They contain information about passes given to people during 1801 to 1804 allowing them to go through the Cherokee lands. These records also mention claims filed 1816 to 1833 and include the names of Army officers at posts; unauthorized settlements on Indian lands; land office records; and names of traders, settlers, missionaries, chiefs, and members of the tribe. See the introduction at the beginning of the first film to learn about the contents of these records. Many individuals are listed, however there is no index.
  • United States. Office of Indian Affairs. Letters Received, 1824–1881; Registers of Letters Received, 1824–1880. National Archives Microfilm Publications, M0018, M0234. Washington, D.C.: National Archives, 1942, 1956. FS Library film 1638620 (first of 1088 films) There are letters in this collection pertaining to each of the major tribes, but they are not indexed.
  • Tyner, James W. Those Who Cried: The 16,000: A Record of the Individual Cherokees Listed in the United States Official Census of the Cherokee Nation Conducted in 1835. N.p.: Chi-ga-u, 1974. FS Catalog book 970.3 C424tj Non-Cherokee census takers in 1835 made lists of Cherokees in Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, and Tennessee. There are some errors because they did not understand the native languages. The government defined a person as an Indian if he or she had one-quarter degree of Indian blood. The book is indexed and has excellent maps for that period.

Jurisdictions

The Cherokee Tribe was under the following jurisdictions:

Agencies

The majority of records of individuals were those created by the agencies. Some records may be available to tribal members through the tribal headquarters. They were (and are) the local office of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, and were charged with maintaining records of the activities of those under their responsibility. Among these records are:

Reservations

  • Qualla Reservation for Eastern Cherokees, in Swain and Jackson counties, North Carolina
  • Cheowah Reservation in Graham county, North Carolina

Superintendency

Records

Cherokee Nation. Oklahoma Historical Society. Indian Archives (Vital, Land and Property, Court, Probate, and School records) FS Library film 1666294 first of 129 films

Agency Records

Agency Records 1898-1950 (East) Cherokee Agency. United States. Bureau of Indian Affairs. FS Library film 1249974 first film of 7

Cherokee Indian Agency in Tennessee, 1801-1835. United States. Bureau of Indian Affairs. (M0208) FS Library 1024418 first of 14 films

Allotment Records

  • Five Civilized Indian Tribes Land Allotment Records, 1899-1907, (NARA RG 75) Oklahoma, Indian Territory, Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs. On Line. FS Library film 4124879 first film
  • Forgotten Oklahoma Records ( Allotment) by Fredrea Marilyn Hermann Cook. 1981. Film: 1035512 item 4 or FS Library Book: 970.3 C424co
  • Township Plats, Cherokee Nation. Tahlequah, Oklahoma. FS Library Film: 989209

Annuity Records

Annuity Records, 1905-1910 FS Library film 1030883

Census Records

The Bureau of Indian Affairs compiled annual Indian Census rolls on many of the reservations from 1885-1940. They list the names of individuals, their age, and other details about each person enumerated. For more information about these records click here.


Tribe Agency Location of Original records

Post - 1885 Census

M595 RG 75 Rolls 693

Roll Number

FHL

Film

Number

Cherokee

North Carolina

Cherokee Indian Agency,

1886-1952

Atlanta Roll 22 FS Library Films: 573,868-573,872
- 1898-1914 - - FS Library Film:573,868


Additional Census Records Available through the FamilySearch Library

  • Mullary Roll 1848, Siler Roll 1851, 1852, Chapman Roll 1852, Swetland Roll 1869 and Hester Roll 1883 Film: 847743 Item 2
  • Revised Roll 1924-1970 Films: 847746-847748
  • Historical Roll 1908, Churchill Roll 1908, Baker Roll 1924, Miller Roll 1909, Baker-revised Roll 1967 Film: 847749
  • The Cherokee Phoenix, 1828-1835. Film: 825726
  • Cherokee Advocate, October 1844-September 1846, Film: 989202 item 7
  • Cherokee One Feather, 1969-1973.
  • Probate Records 1892-1908, Northern District Cherokee Nation by Orpha Jewell Wever Book: 976.6 P2w

Church Records

  • 1817 - 1861 The American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions
  • 1803 Moravian Missions
  • 1817 Baptist Missions and Missionaries
  • 1822 Methodist Missions

See: Moravian Church Records

Crews, C. Daniel and Richard W. Starbuck. Records of the Moravians Among the Cherokees. Early Contact and the Establishment of the First Mission 1752-1802. Cherokee National Press. Tahlequah, OK FS Library book 970.3 C424cdm Vol. C. 2010. WorldCat

Crews, Daniel C. and Richard W. Starbuck. With Courage for the Future: The Story of the Moravian Church Southern Province Winston-Salem: Moravian Church in America, Southern Province, 2002. FS Library 973 K3cw WorldCat

McLoughlin. William G. Cherokees and Missionaries, 1789-1839. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1984.FS Library 970.3 mw WorldCat

Mc Clinton, Rowena. The Moravian Springplace Mission to the Cherokees Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press, 2007. FS Library 970.1 C424gir WorldCat

Starr, Emmet. Early History of the Cherokees Embracing Aboriginal Customs, Religion, Laws, Fork Lore and Civilization. 1917. FS Library 970.3 C424sea WorldCat

Citizenship

Enrollment Records

Find out if you are a Cherokee by having your ancestor's name checked to the 1924 Baker Roll.

Only the Names Remain. by Sandi Garrett FS Catalog book 970.3 C424gs Vol 1-6

Removal

The Indian Removal Act was signed May 26, 1830 by President Andrew Jackson. The Act initiated a policy of removal of Native Americans tribes living east of the Mississippi River to land west of the river.

The above collection is also available online:
  • The Oklahoma Historical Society site and research center has excellent information on Indian Removal, Census, Freedman Resources, Tribes in Oklahoma, Timelines for the removal of the Cherokee tribe and more.
  • 1835 Trail of Tears
  • Cherokee Removal: The Journal of Rev. Daniel S. Butrick. by Trail of Tears Association. FS Library book 970.3 Cv424bds
  • Library and Archives of Thomas Gilcrease - Institute of American History in Tulsa, Oklahoma

Newspapers

The Cherokee Observer The only independent Cherokee Newspaper. of the United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians in Oklahoma.

The Cherokee Phoenix is a tribal media organization.

Annotated Obituaries from the Cherokee Advance, Canton, Georgia, 1880-1938 by John Carver
2003.Over 600 pages.

School Records

  • Saline District, Cherokee Nation, School Records 1900 Film: 989202 item 6
  • Delaware District, Cherokee Nation. Beatties Prairie School Film: 989203 item 1
  • Cherokee National Seminary, Male and Female Seminary Records, 1881-1882. Film: 1025299 item 1
  • Cherokee National Female Seminary 1876-1909. Film: 989203 items 3, 6
  • Cherokee National Male Seminary 1876-1909. Film: 989202 item 5
  • Arcadia School Records, 190. Saline District, Cherokee Nation FS Library Film: 989202 item 6
  • T. L. Ballenger. Early History of Northeastern State College FS Library Film 989203
  • Beatties Prairie School, Registers of Pupils, 1876-1881. Delaware Cherokee Nation FS Library Film 989203
  • Cherokee Agency (East) U.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs, School Records, 1907-1948 FS Library film 1249958 first of two films

Correspondence

Tribe Agency Location of Original Records

Pre-1880 Correspondence M234

RG 75 Rolls 962

Roll Number

FS Library Film Number
Cherokee

Cherokee Agency,

1824-80

Washington D.C. Rolls 71-118 1,660,801 - 848
Cherokee Union Agency, 1875-1914 Washington D.C. and Fort Worth Rolls 865-77 1,661,595 - 607
Cherokee Five Civilized Tribes Agency Muskogee, 1914-60 Fort Worth - -
Cherokee, North Carolina Cherokee Indian Agency, 1886-1952 Atlanta - -
Cherokee Eastern Cherokee Indian Agency, 1886-1952 Atlanta - -

Treaties

The year link (year of the treaty) will connect to an online copy of the treaty.

During the latter part of the 18th Century and most of the 19th Century, treaties were negotiated between the federal government and individual native tribes. The treaties provide helpful information about the history of the tribe, but usually only include the names of those persons who signed the treaty. For more information about treaties, click here.

Treaties to which the Cherokee Indians were a part were:

  • 1785 November 28, at Hopewell.
  • 1791 July 2, on Holston River
  • 1794 June 26, at Philadelphia
  • 1798 October 2, at Tellico
  • 1804 October 24,at Tellico
  • 1805 October 25, at Tellico
  • 1805 October 27, at Tellico
  • 1806 January 7, at Washington
  • September 11, 1807,
  • August 9, 1814, referred to
  • 1816 March 22, at Washington
  • 1816 September 14, at Chickasaw Council House
  • 1817 July 8, at Cherokee Agency
  • 1819 February 27, at Washington
  • 1828 May 6, at Washington, Western Cherokee
  • 1833 February 14, at Fort Gibson
  • 1835 March 14, unratified
  • 1835 August 24, at Camp Holmes
  • 1835 December 29, at New Echota
  • March 1, 1836, supplementary
  • 1846 August 6, at Washington, with Western Cherokee
  • September 13, 1865, at Fort Smith - unratified
  • 1866 July 19, at Washington
  • 1868 April 27, Western Band Treaties
  • May 6, 1828, at Washington
  • February 14, 1833

Vital Records

Prior to the Indian Reorganization Act, the Bureau of Indian Affairs, through their agencies, may have recorded some vital events. Some were recorded on health forms, such as the "Sanitary Record of Sick, Injured, Births, Deaths, etc." Others were recorded as supplements to the "Indian Census Rolls." Some were included in the unindexed reports and other correspondence of the Bureau of Indian Affairs.

Some vital records for the Cherokee Nation include:

  • Marriage Records for the Cherokee Indian in Delaware District, 1867-1898 Oklahoma Historical Society. Indian Archives Division. FS Library film 1666325 item 1first of four films
  • Marriage records for Cooweescoowee District, 1867-1898. Oklahoma Historical Society. Indian Archives Division FS Library film 1666317
  • Marriage licenses and marks and brands for Sequoyah District in the Cherokee District, 1874-1898 FS Library film 1666339
  • Marriage records for Tahlelquah District in the Cherokee Nation, 1892-1897. Oklahoma Historical Society, Indian Archives Division. FS Library Collection

Indian Pioneer Papers

In 1936, the Oklahoma Historical Society and University of Oklahoma requested a writer's project grant from the Works Progress Administration (WPA) in which interviews would be conducted with early settlers in Oklahoma who had lived on Indian land. More than 100 writers conducted over 11,000 interviews and were asked to "call upon early settlers and (record) the story of the migration to Oklahoma and their early life here." [1] The University of Oklahoma Western History Collection has digitized the Indian Pioneer Papers which consists of approximately 80,000 indexed entries arranged alphabetically by personal name, place name, or subject. [2] An index to the Indian Pioneer Papers may also be found at OKGenWeb Oklahoma Genealogy. A separate index of Native Americans interviewed, including the Cherokee, may be viewed at: “Indians in the Indian Pioneer Papers” Some of the surnames from the Cherokee tribe found in the collection are: Adair (Rider), Anderson, Beaver, Brewer, Bohanan, Burch (Choate), Campbell, Candy, Chambers (Ketcher), Coodey, Crutchfield (Lane), Daniels (Cummins), Daughtery (Morris), Drew, Dugan, Duncan, Harlan (James), Keys (Porter), Ketcher (Langley), Langley, Lynch, Marcham, McClure (Keith), Miller (Watts), Morris, Phillips (Keith), Rider (Howland), Ross, Rutherford (Rider), Starr, Vann, West (Spring). FS Library microfiche number: 6,016,865 (first fiche number)

FamilySearch Library

The FamilySearch Catalog has over 1670 records of interest to the Cherokee Indians

The following is a FS Library book which is an ebook and may be downloaded.

Martha Jane (Thornton) Williams (1842-1918), Indian History and Genealogy.

Websites

For Further Reading

For background information to help find Native American ancestors see For Further Reading.

See also:

References

  1. ↑ Blackburn, Bob L. "Battle Cry for History: The First Century of the Oklahoma Historical Society." n.d. Oklahoma Historical Society. 5 Oct. 1998.
  2. ↑ The University of Oklahoma Western History Collections http://digital.libraries.ou.edu/whc/pioneer/
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