Shoshone Tribes: Difference between revisions

Shoshone
Population
Regions with significant populations
	Ancestral Homelands: west of Rocky Mountains and east of the Sierra Nevada. The Eastern Shoshone lived near Grand Teton and Wind River Mountains. The Northern Shoshone ranged through southern Idaho, eastern Oregon and northern Nevada. The Southern Shoshone lived in Nevada, Wyoming and Utah. Later a Western Shoshone group was recognized in 1982.; Descendants:; Fort Hall Reservation in Idaho and numerous reservations and colonies in Nevada and Oregon.;
Status
	Federally recognized
Linguistic Group
	Shoshonian ; Shoshoni - Comanche
Cultural Group
	not yet researched
Other Related Ethnic Groups
	Bannock, Arapaho, Paiute, Monache, Washo, and Hopi

VisualWikitext

Latest revision as of 01:30, 9 December 2022

United States

Indigenous Peoples of the United States

Indigenous Peoples of Idaho

Indigenous Peoples of Montana

Indigenous Peoples of Nevada

Indigenous Peoples of Oregon

Indigenous Peoples of Utah

Indigenous Peoples of Wyoming

Shoshone Tribes

Guide to Shoshone Tribes ancestry, family history and genealogy: birth records, marriage records, death records, census records, parish registers, and other agency records.

Alternate Names: Shoshoni

Tribal Headquarters

Duckwater Shoshone:

Duckwater Reservation
P.O. Box 140068
Duckwater, NV 89314
Phone: 702-863-0227
Duckwater Shoshone Tribe
Website

Ely Shoshone:

Ely Shoshone
16 Shoshone Circle
Ely, Nevada 89301
Phone: 702-289-3013
Ely Shoshone Tribe

Fallon Band of Paiute-Shoshone

Fallon Band of Paiute-Shoshone
565 Rio Vista Drive
Fallon, Nevada 89406
Phone: 702-423-6075
Website

Shoshone-Bannock

Tribes of the Fort Hall Reservation
P.O. Box 306
Fort Hall, ID 83203-0306
Phone: 208-238-3700
Toll Free: 888-297-1378
Shoshone-Bannock
Website

South Fork Shoshone

South Fork Shoshone
HC 30 Box B-13
Elko, Nevada 89801
Phone: 702-744-4273
Website

Wells Shoshone

Wells Shoshone
P.O. Box 809
Wells, Nevada 89835
Phone: 702-752-3045
Website

Yomba Band of Shoshone

Yomba Band of Shoshone
HC 61 Box 6275
Austin, Nevada 89310
Phone: 775-964-6020
Yomba Band of Shoshone
Website

History

The ancestral homeland of the Shoshone was in the Mountain West. At an early point in history the tribe sub divided into:The Eastern Shoshone, Northern Shoshone and the Southern Shoshone. The Eastern Shoshone lived near Grand Teton and Wind River Mountains. The Northern Shoshone ranged through southern Idaho, eastern Oregon and northern Nevada. The Southern Shoshone lived in Nevada, Wyoming and Utah.

The tribes early contact with non-Indians included the Lewis and Clark Expedition, Jedediah Smith and fur traders and trappers at the Rocky Mountain rendezvous. The first rendezvous was promoted by Jedediah Smith in 1825. A prominent Shoshone: Sacajawea joined the Lewis and Clark Expedition-1803-06

In 1841 immigrants began moving to the west and northwest by way of the Oregon and California trails. Both of these trails cut through the homeland of the Shoshone and Bannock tribes. Problems occurred as the resources of the area were drained by many immigrants going west. These trails provided a "highway" for over twenty years serving the forty-niners and silver seekers headed to California, Nevada and the northwest.

In the 1840 Washakie was a chief who ruled for 60 years dying in 1900 at the approximate age of 102 years. He was always friendly to his non-Indian neighbors and helped protect them from the raids of hostile Sioux and Cheyennes . He prevented an uprising when the Arapahoes were brought to the Shoshone land. Crowheart Butte stands as a monument to his courage, for this is where he fought a hand-to-hand battle with a Crow Chief for hunting rights to the Wind River Valley.

A military campaign of 300 soldiers led by Colonel Patrick Conner in January of 1863, killed 224 Indians this became known as the Bear River Massacre.

In 1863 four treaties were ratified, with the Eastern Shoshone, Shoshone-Northwestern Bands, Western Shoshone and the the Shoshone-Goship.

The Union Pacific and Central Pacific Railroad completed their lines and came together at Promontory Point, Utah in 1869.

1860-70 assigned to reservations

Northern Shoshoni

Fort Hall Band: Pohogwe Shoshone
Mountain Shoshone Bands : Sheepeaters (Snake) and Lemhi
Northwestern Bands: Bannock Creek, Cache Valley, Weber Utes, and Bear Lake
Western Groups: Boise, Bruneau and Weiser

Significant Tribal Leaders

Treaties below will provide the names of the Indians who signed the Treaty

Sacajaawea

Chief Little Soldier

Chief Pocatello

Chief Bear Hunter
Chief Washakie

Significant individuals who interacted with the Tribe

Meriwether Lewis and William Clark
Jedediah Smith
Colonel Patrick Donner
Indian Agents and Superintendents see the Agency pages and *Superintendancy pages.
The Treaties below will provide the names of government officials, agents, and military leaders involved with the Treaty

Brief Timeline

	The usage of "Mormon" and "LDS" on this page is approved according to current policy.

1782: Smallpox epidemic
1803-06: Lewis and Clark Expedition
1825: Jedediah Smith
1825: First Rocky Mountain rendezvous at Green River in Wyoming
1841-1869: The Oregon and California Trails both go right through the homeland of the Shoshone and Bannock.
1847: Mormon Pioneers settled in the Great Salt Lake valley
1849: Gold was discovered in California
1855: Treaty
1857: Comstock Lode - Silver in Nevada
1862: Colonel Patrick Conner founded Fort Douglas Salt Lake City
1863: January 29, Bear River Massacre, Campaign lead by Colonel Patrick Conner, 300 soldiers, 224 Indians killed; only 22 soldiers killed
1863: July, Treaty at Fort Bridger Gave the tribe land of their own choosing in Colorado, Idaho, Utah. and Wyoming. (Wind River Reservation)
1868: Treaty
1869: Union Pacific and Central Pacific Railroad met at Promontory Point, Utah
1860-1870: All Shoshone bands assigned to reservations
1870's Lack of sufficient rations continuing problem at Fort Hall
1878: Bannock War
1878: A band - Sheepeaters, including Bannock and Shoshone Indians, were part of an uprising in the Salmon River Mountains of Idaho.
1878: The Federal Government moved the Northern Arapaho to the Shoshone Reservation.
1880's: Railroad Rights-of-Way
1896: April 21, the Shoshone and Arapaho tribes signed an agreement for the sale of the Owl Creek or Big Horn Hot Spring. (Senate Doc. no. 247. 54th Congress 1st Session, pages 3-6)
1982: Western Shoshone federally recognized

Bands, Groups and Subdivisions

The term or designation of Shoshone Indians is a very broad categorization of several bands and/or federally recognized tribes within the group so named. For the most part, they have historically lived in the Great Basin area, and have ranged from Oregon and Idaho on the north to Arizona and southern California on the south, and from Wyoming on the east to northern California on the west. They were often referred to as the Snakes. Some of the tribes, bands, or groups of Shoshone, with their colonies or reservations, include:

Death Valley Shoshone -- see Timbisha Shoshone
Duckwater Shoshone -- Duckwater Reservation (Nevada)
Ely Shoshone Tribe of Nevada -- Ely Colony (Nevada)
Fort McDermitt Paiute and Shoshone Tribes -- Fort McDermitt Reservation (Nevada and Oregon)
Mountain Shoshone or Sheepeaters -- Fort Lemhi and Fort Hall Reservation(Idaho and Montana)
Northwestern Band of Shoshone Nation of Utah (Washakie)
Paiute-Shoshone Indians -- Bishop Colony (California)
Paiute-Shoshone Indians -- Fallon Reservation and Colony (Nevada)
Paiute-Shoshone Indians -- Lone Pine Reservation (California)
Ruby Valley Shoshone
Shoshone Tribe of the Wind River Reservation -- Wind River Reservation (Wyoming)
Shoshone-Bannock Tribes -- Fort Hall Reservation (Idaho)
Shoshone-Paiute Tribes -- Duck Valley Reservation (Idaho and Nevada)
Te-Moak Tribe of Western Shoshone

Battle Mountain Band -- Battle Mountain Colony (Nevada)

Elko Band -- Elko Colony (Nevada)

South Fork Band -- South Fork Reservation (Nevada)

Wells Band -- Wells Colony (Nevada)

Timbisha Shoshone Tribe
Weiser (Eagle Eye's) Band
Western Shoshone Reservation in Duck Valley on the Nevada-Idaho border.
Yomba Western Shoshone Tribe -- Yomba Reservation (Nevada)

Additional References

Frederick Webb Hodge, in his Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico, gave a more complete history of the Shoshone tribe, with estimations of the population of the tribe at various time periods.
A brief history of the Northwestern Bands of the Shoshone Indians is available inline.
Another brief history is also available online.

Records

The majority of records of individuals were those created by the agencies. Some records may be available to tribal members through the tribal headquarters.They were (and are) the local office of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, and were charged with maintaining records of the activities of those under their responsibility. Among these records are:

Agencies

The following agencies of the Bureau of Indian Affairs had jurisdiction over the Shoshone for the time periods indicated. BIA agencies were responsible to keep such records as census rolls, allotment (land) records, annuity rolls, school records, correspondence, and other records of individual Indians under their jurisdiction. For details, see the page for the respective agency.

Superindenencies

Records for Superintendencies exist in the National Archives and copies of many of them are also available in other research facilities.

IIdaho Superintendency

Montana Superintendency

Nevada Superintendency

Oregon Superintendency

Utah Superintendency

Wyoming Supterintendency

Census Records

The 1900 federal census included population schedules for the Shoshone Indians of Northern Utah. These schedules were not classified in the Bureau of Census records as a separate district but were simply included in District 207, Portage Precinct in Box Elder County, Utah. However, the Shoshone Indians in this precinct are recorded on Indian Population Schedules

The Bureau of Indian Affairs compiled annual Indian Census Rolls on many of the reservations from 1885 to 1940. They list the names of individuals, their age, and other details about each person enumerated. For more information about these records, click here.

1894 Census of the Bannock and Shoshone Indians of Fort Hall, Idaho. by Thomas Benton Teter. FS Library Book Q970.1 Al#1 or FS Library Film: 928110-928115

The following table lists the census rolls for the Shoshone Indians:

Tribe	Agency	Location of Original Records	Post 1885-Census M595 RG 75 Rolls 693	FS Library Film Number
Shoshone	Wind River Agency, 1873-1952	Denver	167, 498-504, 631, 663	FS Library Films: 581873-581879
Shoshone	Fort Hall, 1885-87, 1890-91, 1894-1939	Seattle	138-44, 498-504	FLH Films: 576493-576499
Shoshone	Lemhi Agency, 1885, 1887-1906	Seattle	248	FS Library Film: 576494
Shoshone, Western	Western Shoshone Agency, 1897-1916	San Francisco	646-48	FS Library Films: 583105-583107
Shoshone	Carson School, 1909-39	San Francisco	18-21	FS Library Films: 573864-573867

Annuity

1901-1910 Annuity Payments Fort Hall Agency for Bannock and Shoshone at the National Archives

1898-1905; 1907-1910;1911-1935; 1937-1947 Annuity Payments Shoshone Annuity rolls. at the National Archives.

The above taken from:

Hart, Royal. List of the Rolls of Annuity Payments Made to Indians. Record Group 75, GSA, Washington D.C. 1954.

Allotment

Duck River Reservation, Nevada and Idaho. Paiute and Shoshone - not allotted.

Fort Hall Reservation, Idaho. Shoshone, Bannock - Allotted.

Wind River Reservation, Wyoming. Nothern Arapaho, Shoshone - Allotted

Enrollment

Enrollment requirements are contained in Tribal Constitutions.

Treaties

During the latter part of the 18th Century and most of the 19th Century, treaties were negotiated between the federal government and individual Indian tribes. The treaties provide helpful information about the history of the tribe, but usually only include the names of those persons who signed the treaty. For more information about treaties, click here.

Treaties to which the Shoshone Indians were a part were:

1855 June 9, referred to in Wallawalla Treaty
1863 July 2, at Fort Bridger, with Eastern Shoshone
1863 July 30, at Box Elder Shoshone-Northwestern Bands
1863 October 1, at Ruby Valley with Western Shoshone
1863 October 12, at Tuilla Valley with Shoshone-Goship
1868:at Fort Bridger Eastern Band Shoshone and Bannock

Tribal Office Records

The Tribal Office is responsible for enrollment records, vital records, tribal police records, tribal court records, employment records and many others. They are an entirely different set of records from those kept by the Bureau of Indian Affairs. Most of them remain in the Tribal Office. For details, contact that office at the address for the Tribal Headquarters listed above.

Vital Records

Prior to the Indian Reorganization Act, the Bureau of Indian Affairs, through their agencies, may have recorded some vital events. Some were recorded on health forms, such as the "Sanitary Record of Sick, Injured, Births, Deaths, etc." Others were recorded as supplements to the "Indian Census Rolls." Some were included in the unindexed reports and other correspondence of the Bureau of Indian Affairs.

Some vital records for the Shoshone Indians include:

Wind River Agency, M595,

Births and deaths 1938-39, FS Library Film: 583122 Births and deaths 1924-1932, FS Library Film: 581878

Fort Hall Agency, M595,

Birth and deaths, FS Library Film: 576497 Births and deaths 1924-1934, FS Library Film: 576498 and 576499

Records Available through the FamilySearch Library

Census

1894 Census of the Bannock and Shoshone Indians of Fort Hall, Idaho. by Thomas Benton Teter. FS Library Book Q970.1 Al#1 or FS Library Film: 928110-928115

1885, 1890-1893, 1895-1899 Shoshone Agency, Wyoming. Shoshone and Arapaho Indians. FS Library film 581873 (M595 roll 498)

1900-1911 Shoshone Agency, Wyoming. Shoshone and Arapaho Indians. FS Library film 581874 (M595 roll 499)

1912-1918 Shoshone Agency, Wyoming. Shoshone and Arapaho Indians. FS Library film 581875 (M595 roll 500)

1919-1925 Shoshone Agency, Wyoming. Shoshone and Arapaho Indians. FS Library film 581876 (M595 roll 501)

1926-1929 Shoshone Agency, Wyoming. Shoshone and Arapaho Indians. FS Library film 581877 (M595 roll 502

1930-1932 Shoshone Agency, Wyoming. Shoshone and Arapaho, Wind River Reservation. Births and Deaths - 1922, 1924-1931. FS Library film 581878 (M595 roll 503)

1933-1937 Shoshone Agency, Wyoming. Shoshone and Arapaho Indians. FS Library film 581879 (M595 roll 504)

1930-1931 Walker River Agency, Carson Nevada. Paiute, Monache, Shoshone, and Washo Indians. FS Library film 583090 (M595 roll 631)

1931-1932 Carson Agency, Nevada. Paiute, Shoshone. Death roll, 1925-1931 and Birth roll, 1925-1931. FS Library film 573865 (M595 roll 19)

1933-1936 Carson Agency, Nevada. Paiute, Shoshone, Washo, Carson School. FS Library film 573866 (M595 roll 20)

1937-1939 Carson Agency, Nevada. Paiute, Shoshone, Washo Indians, Carson School. FS Library film 573867 (M595 roll 21)

1885-1887;1890-1891;1894-1901 Fort Hall, Idaho. Shoshone and Bannock Indians. FS Library film 576493 (M595 roll 138)

1902-1909 Fort Hall, Idaho. Shoshone and Bannock. FS Library film 576494 (M595 roll 139)

1910-1914 Fort Hall, Idaho. Shoshone and Bannock. FS Library film 576495 (M595 roll 140)

1919-1926 Fort Hall, Idaho. Shoshone and Bannock. FS Library film 576496 (M595 roll 141)

1927-1931 Fort Hall, Idaho. Shoshone and Bannock. FS Library film 576497 (M595 roll 142)

1932-1934 Fort Hall, Idaho. Shoshone and Bannock, Indians as Washakie, sub-agency, Utah - 1932. page 195 Live Births 1 July 1924- 31 Mar 1932, page 221 Death Rolls July 1924-April 1932,page 405-587 Washakie Sub-Agency rolls, 1934-1935

1917-1923 Goshute Agency Goshute, Shoshone, Paiute, Kanosh and Pahvant FS Library film 576856 (M595 roll 167)

1885,1887-1906 Lemhi Agency, Idaho. Shoshone, Bannock and Sheepeater FS Library film 576937 (M595 roll 248)

1938-1939 Wind River Agency, Wyoming. Shoshone and Arapaho Indians. Births and deaths 1938-1939. (For earlier rolls see Shoshone Winnebago Agency, Nebraska Omaha and Winnebago Indians - E. Kay Kirkham)

Websites

The Shoshone Indians -- History and description of the Shoshone Indian, especially the Eastern Shoshone of the Wind River Reservation.
Ely Shoshone Tribe Constitution
Constitution and By-Laws for the Shoshone-Bannock Tribes of the Fort Hall Reservation Idaho
Constitution and By-laws of the Fort McDermitt Paiute and Shoshone Tribe, Nevada
Constitution and By-Laws for the Shoshone-Paiute Tribes of the Duck Valley Reservation Nevada
Constitution of the Duckwater Shoshone Tribe of the Duckwater Reservation, Nevada
Shoshone Tribe Wikipedia

For Further Reading

Shoshone

Carlson, Paul H. The Plains Indians. College Station, Texas: Texas A M University Press, c1998. FS Library|book 970.1 C197p

Hill, George W. Vocabulary of the Shoshone Language. Salt Lake City, Utah : Deseret News Steam Press, 1877. Book 970.3 Sh82h and film 1597767 item 2

Trenholm, Virginia Cole - The Shoshonis; Sentinels of the Rockies. Norman University of Oklahoma Press, 1964. 367 pg. FS Library book 970.3n Sh82t

General

See For Further Reading.

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-To get started in [[American Indian Genealogy|American Indian Research]]
+{{breadcrumb
+| link1=[[United States Genealogy|United States]]
+| link2=[[Indigenous Peoples of the United States Genealogy|Indigenous Peoples of the United States]]
+| link3=[[Indigenous Peoples of Idaho|Indigenous Peoples of Idaho]]
+| link4=[[Indigenous Peoples of Montana|Indigenous Peoples of Montana]]
+| link5=
+}}
-''[[Indians of Idaho|Indians of Idaho]] &gt; Shoshone Indians''<br>''[[Indians of Montana|Indians of Montana]] &gt; Shoshone Indians''<br>''[[Indians of Nevada|Indians of Nevada]] &gt; Shoshone Indians''<br>''[[Indians of Oregon|Indians of Oregon]] &gt; Shoshone Indians''<br>''[[Indians of Utah|Indians of Utah]] &gt; Shoshone Indians''<br>''[[Indians of Wyoming|Indians of Wyoming]] &gt; Shoshone Indians''
+{{breadcrumb
+| link1=[[Indigenous Peoples of Nevada|Indigenous Peoples of Nevada]]
+| link2=[[Indigenous Peoples of Oregon|Indigenous Peoples of Oregon]]
+| link3=[[Indigenous Peoples of Utah|Indigenous Peoples of Utah]]
+| link4=[[Indigenous Peoples of Wyoming|Indigenous Peoples of Wyoming]]
+| link5={{PAGENAME}}
+}}
+Guide to '''{{PAGENAME}} ancestry, family history and genealogy:''' birth records, marriage records, death records, census records, parish registers, and other agency records.
 {{infobox ethnic group
@@ Line 27: / Line 40: @@
 [[Fort Hall Indian Reservation (Idaho)|Fort Hall Reservation]] in Idaho and numerous reservations and colonies in Nevada and Oregon.<br>
 |status = Federally recognized
-|linguistic = not yet researched
+|linguistic = Shoshonian ; Shoshoni - Comanche
 |cultural = not yet researched
-|related-c = Bannock
+|related-c = Bannock, Arapaho, Paiute, Monache, Washo, and Hopi
 }}
-'''Alternate Names:''' Shoshoni<br>
+'''Alternate Names:''' Shoshoni
 === Tribal Headquarters  ===
@@ Line 38: / Line 51: @@
 ==== Duckwater Shoshone:  ====
-Duckwater Shoshone Tribe of the Duckwater Reservation<br>P.O. Box 140068<br>Duckwater, Nevada 89314<br>Telephone: 1-702-863-0227<br>Fax: 1-702-863-0301
+'''Duckwater Reservation'''<br>P.O. Box 140068<br>Duckwater, NV 89314<br>Phone: 702-863-0227<br>[[Duckwater Shoshone Tribe|Duckwater Shoshone Tribe]]<br>[http://www.duckwatertribe.org/ Website]
 ==== Ely Shoshone:  ====
-Ely Shoshone Tribe<br>16 Shoshone Circle<br>Ely, Nevada 89301<br>Telephone: 1-702-289-3013<br>Fax:1-702-289-3156
+'''Ely Shoshone'''<br>16 Shoshone Circle<br>Ely, Nevada 89301<br>Phone: 702-289-3013<br>[[Ely Shoshone Tribe, Nevada|Ely Shoshone Tribe]]<br>
 ==== Fallon Band of Paiute-Shoshone  ====
-Fallon Band of Paiute-Shoshone<br>8955 Mission Road<br>Fallon, Nevada 89406<br>Telephone: (=1-702-423-6075<br>Local call from the Reno area: 323-3780<br>Fax:1-702-423-5202
+'''Fallon Band of Paiute-Shoshone'''<br>565 Rio Vista Drive<br>Fallon, Nevada 89406<br>Phone: 702-423-6075<br>[http://www.fpst.org/ Website]
 ==== Shoshone-Bannock  ====
-Shoshone-Bannock Tribes of the Fort Hall Reservation <br>P.O. Box 306<br>Fort Hall, ID 83203-0306<br>Phone: 1.208.238.3700<br>Fax: 1.208.237.0797 <br>
+'''Tribes of the Fort Hall Reservation'''<br>P.O. Box 306<br>Fort Hall, ID 83203-0306<br>Phone: 208-238-3700<br>Toll Free: 888-297-1378<br>[[Shoshone-Bannock Tribes, Idaho|Shoshone-Bannock]]<br>[http://www.sbtribes.com/ Website]
 ==== South Fork Shoshone  ====
-South Fork Shoshone<br>HC 30 Box B-13<br>Elko, Nevada 89801<br>Telephone: 1-702-744-4273<br>Fax:1-702-744-4523
+'''South Fork Shoshone'''<br>HC 30 Box B-13<br>Elko, Nevada 89801<br>Phone: 702-744-4273<br>[http://www.southforkbandcouncil.org/South%20Fork1.html Website]
 ==== Wells Shoshone  ====
-Wells Shoshone<br>P.O. Box 809<br>Wells, Nevada 89835<br>Telephone: 1-702-752-3045
+'''Wells Shoshone'''<br>P.O. Box 809<br>Wells, Nevada 89835<br>Phone: 702-752-3045<br>[https://www.temoaktribe.com/wells.shtml Website]
 ==== Yomba Band of Shoshone  ====
-Yomba Band of Shoshone<br>HC 61 Box 6275<br>Austin, Nevada 89310<br>Telephone: 1-702-964-2463<br>Fax:1-702-964-2443
+'''Yomba Band of Shoshone'''<br>HC 61 Box 6275<br>Austin, Nevada 89310<br>Phone: 775-964-6020<br>[[Yomba Shoshone Tribe, Nevada|Yomba Band of Shoshone]]<br>[http://www.yombatribe.org/ Website]
-<br>
 === History  ===
@@ Line 70: / Line 81: @@
 The ancestral homeland of the Shoshone was in the Mountain West. At an early point in history the tribe sub divided into:The Eastern Shoshone, Northern Shoshone and the Southern Shoshone. The Eastern Shoshone lived near Grand Teton and Wind River Mountains. The Northern Shoshone ranged through southern Idaho, eastern Oregon and northern Nevada. The Southern Shoshone lived in Nevada, Wyoming and Utah.
-The tribes early contact with non-Indians included the Lewis and Clark Expedition, Jedediah Smith and fur traders and trapers at the Rocky Mountain rendezvous. The first rendezvous was promoted by Jedediah Smith in 1825. A prominent Shoshone: Sacajawea joined the Lewis and Clark Expedition-1803-06
+The tribes early contact with non-Indians included the Lewis and Clark Expedition, Jedediah Smith and fur traders and trappers at the Rocky Mountain rendezvous. The first rendezvous was promoted by Jedediah Smith in 1825. A prominent Shoshone: Sacajawea joined the Lewis and Clark Expedition-1803-06
-In 1841 immigrants began moving to the west and northwest by way of the Oregon and California trails. Both of these trails cut through the homeland of the Shoshoni and Bannock tribes. Problems occured as the resourses of the area were drained by many immigrants going west. These trails provided a "hightway" for over twenty years serving the fourty-niners and silver seekers headed to California, Nevada and the northwest.
+In 1841 immigrants began moving to the west and northwest by way of the Oregon and California trails. Both of these trails cut through the homeland of the Shoshone and Bannock tribes. Problems occurred as the resources of the area were drained by many immigrants going west. These trails provided a "highway" for over twenty years serving the forty-niners and silver seekers headed to California, Nevada and the northwest.
-A military campaign of 300 soldiers&nbsp;led by Colonel Patrick Conner in January of 1863, killed 224 Indians this became known as the Bear river Massacre.
+In the 1840 Washakie was a chief who ruled for 60 years dying in 1900 at the approximate age of 102 years. He was always friendly to his non-Indian neighbors and helped protect them from the raids of hostile Sioux and Cheyennes . He prevented an uprising when the Arapahoes were brought to the Shoshone land. Crowheart Butte stands as a monument to his courage, for this is where he fought a hand-to-hand battle with a Crow Chief for hunting rights to the Wind River Valley.
-In 1863 four treaties were ratified, with the Eastern Shoshone, Shoshone-Northwestern Bands, Western Shoshoni and the the Shoshoni-Goship.
+A military campaign of 300 soldiers led by Colonel Patrick Conner in January of 1863, killed 224 Indians this became known as the Bear River Massacre.
+In 1863 four treaties were ratified, with the Eastern Shoshone, Shoshone-Northwestern Bands, Western Shoshone and the the Shoshone-Goship.
 The Union Pacific and Central Pacific Railroad completed their lines and came together at Promontory Point, Utah in 1869.
--70 assigned to reservations<br>
+-70 assigned to reservations
+'''Northern Shoshoni'''
+* Fort Hall Band: Pohogwe Shoshone
+* Mountain Shoshone Bands : Sheepeaters (Snake) and Lemhi
+* Northwestern Bands: Bannock Creek, Cache Valley, Weber Utes, and Bear Lake
+* Western Groups: Boise, Bruneau and Weiser
+==== Significant Tribal Leaders  ====
+*Treaties below will provide the names of the Indians who signed the Treaty
+*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacagawea Sacajaawea]
+*Chief Little Soldier
+*Chief Pocatello
+*Chief Bear Hunter
+*[http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/shoshoni-indian-chiefs-and-leaders.htm Chief Washakie]<br>
+==== Significant individuals who interacted with the Tribe  ====
+*Meriwether Lewis and William Clark
+*Jedediah Smith
+*Colonel Patrick Donner
+*Indian Agents and Superintendents '''see''' the Agency pages and *Superintendancy pages.
+*The Treaties below will provide the names of government officials, agents, and military leaders involved with the Treaty
 ==== Brief Timeline  ====
+{| style="float:right;
+|-
+|{{MormonLDSRemoval}}
+|}
 *'''1782:''' Smallpox epidemic
 *'''1803-06:''' Lewis and Clark Expedition
 *'''1825:''' Jedediah Smith
 *'''1825:''' First Rocky Mountain rendezvous at Green River in Wyoming
-*'''1841-1869:''' The Oregon and California Trails both go right through the homeland of the Shoshoni and Bannock.
+*'''1841-1869:''' The Oregon and California Trails both go right through the homeland of the Shoshone and Bannock.
-*'''1847:''' Mormons settled in the Great Salt Lake valley
+*'''1847:''' Mormon Pioneers settled in the Great Salt Lake valley
 *'''1849:''' Gold was discovered in California
 *'''1855:''' Treaty
@@ Line 95: / Line 138: @@
 *'''1862: '''Colonel Patrick Conner founded Fort Douglas Salt Lake City
 *'''1863:''' January 29, Bear River Massacre, Campaign lead by Colonel Patrick Conner, 300 soldiers, 224 Indians killed; only 22 soldiers killed
-*'''1863:''' July, Treaty
+*'''1863:''' July, Treaty at Fort Bridger Gave the tribe land of their own choosing in Colorado, Idaho, Utah. and Wyoming. (Wind River Reservation)
 *'''1868:''' Treaty
 *'''1869:''' Union Pacific and Central Pacific Railroad met at Promontory Point, Utah
-*'''1860-1870:''' all Shoshone bands assigned to reservations
+*'''1860-1870:''' All Shoshone bands assigned to reservations
-*'''1870s''' lack of sufficient rations continuing problem at Fort Hall
+*'''1870's''' Lack of sufficient rations continuing problem at Fort Hall
 *'''1878:''' Bannock War
-*'''1878:''' a band - Sheepeaters, including Bannock and Shoshone Indians, were part of an uprising in the Salmon River Mountains of Idaho.
+*'''1878:''' A band - Sheepeaters, including Bannock and Shoshone Indians, were part of an uprising in the Salmon River Mountains of Idaho.
-*'''1880s:''' Railroad Rights-of-Way
+*'''1878:''' The Federal Government moved the Northern Arapaho to the Shoshone Reservation.
+*'''1880's:''' Railroad Rights-of-Way
+*'''1896:''' April 21, the Shoshone and Arapaho tribes signed an agreement for the sale of the Owl Creek or Big Horn Hot Spring. (Senate Doc. no. 247. 54th Congress 1st Session, pages 3-6)
 *'''1982:''' Western Shoshone federally recognized
-==== Bands, Groups and Subdivisions of Shoshone Indians and Their Reservations  ====
+==== Bands, Groups and Subdivisions  ====
 The term or designation of Shoshone Indians is a very broad categorization of several bands and/or federally recognized tribes within the group so named. For the most part, they have historically lived in the Great Basin area, and have ranged from Oregon and Idaho on the north to Arizona and southern California on the south, and from Wyoming on the east to northern California on the west. They were often referred to as the Snakes. Some of the tribes, bands, or groups of Shoshone, with their colonies or reservations, include:
 *Death Valley Shoshone -- see [[Timbisha Shoshone Indians|Timbisha Shoshone]]<br>
 *Duckwater Shoshone -- [[Duckwater Indian Reservation (Nevada)|Duckwater Reservation (Nevada)]]
-*Ely Shoshone Tribe of Nevada -- [[Ely Indian Colony (Nevada)|Ely Colony (Nevada)]]<br>
+*Ely Shoshone Tribe of Nevada -- [[Ely Shoshone Tribe|Ely Colony (Nevada)]]<br>
 *Fort McDermitt Paiute and Shoshone Tribes -- [[Fort McDermitt Indian Reservation|Fort McDermitt Reservation]] (Nevada and Oregon)
 *Mountain Shoshone or [[Sheepeater Indians|Sheepeaters]] -- [[Fort Lemhi Indian Reservation (Idaho)|Fort Lemhi]] and [[Fort Hall Indian Reservation (Idaho)|Fort Hall]] Reservation(Idaho and Montana)
-*Northwestern Band of Shoshoni Nation of Utah (Washakie)
+*Northwestern Band of Shoshone Nation of Utah (Washakie)
 *Paiute-Shoshone Indians -- [[Bishop Indian Reservation (California)|Bishop Colony (California)]]
 *Paiute-Shoshone Indians -- [[Fallon Indian Colony and Reservation (Nevada)|Fallon Reservation and Colony (Nevada)]]
 *Paiute-Shoshone Indians -- [[Lone Pine Indian Reservation (California)|Lone Pine Reservation (California)]]
 *[[Ruby Valley Shoshone Indians|Ruby Valley Shoshone]]<br>
 *Shoshone Tribe of the Wind River Reservation -- [[Wind River Indian Reservation (Wyoming)|Wind River Reservation (Wyoming)]]
 *Shoshone-Bannock Tribes -- [[Fort Hall Indian Reservation (Idaho)|Fort Hall Reservation (Idaho)]]
 *Shoshone-Paiute Tribes -- [[Duck Valley Indian Reservation (Idaho and Nevada)|Duck Valley Reservation (Idaho and Nevada)]]
 *Te-Moak Tribe of Western Shoshone
 :Battle Mountain Band -- [[Battle Mountain Indian Colony (Nevada)|Battle Mountain Colony (Nevada)]]
 :Elko Band -- [[Elko Indian Colony (Nevada)|Elko Colony (Nevada)]]
 :South Fork Band -- [[South Fork Indian Reservation (Nevada)|South Fork Reservation (Nevada)]]
 :Wells Band -- [[Wells Indian Colony (Nevada)|Wells Colony (Nevada)]]
 *[[Timbisha Shoshone Indians|Timbisha Shoshone Tribe]]
 *Weiser (Eagle Eye's) Band
@@ Line 132: / Line 179: @@
 *Yomba Western Shoshone Tribe -- [[Yomba Indian Reservation (Nevada)|Yomba Reservation (Nevada)]]
-==== Famous Tribal Members  ====
+==== Additional References  ====
-[http://sacajaweahshoshone.blogspot.com Sacajawea]
-==== Additional References to the History of the Tribe  ====
 *Frederick Webb Hodge, in his [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/shoshoni/shoshoniindianhist.htm Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico], gave a more complete history of the Shoshone tribe, with estimations of the population of the tribe at various time periods.
-*A brief history of the Northwestern Bands of the Shoshoni Indians is [http://www.onlineutah.com/shoshonehistory.shtml available inline].
+*A brief history of the Northwestern Bands of the Shoshone Indians is [http://www.onlineutah.com/shoshonehistory.shtml available inline].
 *Another brief history is also [http://www.pbs.org/lewisandclark/native/sho.html available online].
 === Records  ===
+The '''majority of records of individuals were those created by the agencies'''. Some records may be available to tribal members through the tribal headquarters.They were (and are) the local office of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, and were charged with maintaining records of the activities of those under their responsibility. Among these records are:<br>
+*[[American Indian Allotment Records|Allotment records]]
+*[[American Indian Annuity Rolls|Annuity rolls]]
+*[[American Indian Census Rolls|Census records]]
+*[[American Indian Correspondence and Reports|Correspondence]]
+*[[American Indian Health Records|Health records]]
+*[[American Indian Correspondence and Reports|Reports]]
+*[[American Indian School Records|School census and records]]
+*[[American Indian Vital Records Supplements in Census Rolls|Vital records]]
 ==== Agencies  ====
@@ Line 148: / Line 202: @@
 The following [[Agencies of the Bureau of Indian Affairs|agencies of the Bureau of Indian Affairs]] had jurisdiction over the Shoshone for the time periods indicated. BIA agencies were responsible to keep such records as census rolls, allotment (land) records, annuity rolls, school records, correspondence, and other records of individual Indians under their jurisdiction. For details, see the page for the respective agency.
-*Wind River Agency
+*[[Wind River Indian Agency (Wyoming)|Wind River Agency]]
-*Fort Hall Agency
+*[[Fort Hall Indian Agency (Idaho)|Fort Hall Agency]]
-*Western Shoshone Agency
+*[[Western Shoshone Indian Agency (Nevada)|Western Shoshone Agency]]
+*[[Carson Indian Colony (Nevada)|Carson Agency]]
+*[[Shoshone_Indian_Agency_(Wyoming)|Shoshone Agency]]
+*[[Walker River Indian Agency (Nevada)|Walker River Agency]]<br>
+=== Superindenencies  ===
+Records for Superintendencies exist in the [[National Archives and Records Administration|National Archives]] and copies of many of them are also available in other research facilities.
+I[[Idaho Superintendency of Indian Affairs|Idaho Superintendency]]
+[[Montana_Superintendency_of_Indian_Affairs|Montana Superintendency]]
+[[Nevada_Superintendency_of_Indian_Affairs|Nevada Superintendency]]
+[[Oregon_Superintendency_of_Indian_Affairs|Oregon Superintendency]]
+[[Utah_Superintendency_of_Indian_Affairs|Utah Superintendency]]
+[[Wyoming_Superintendency_of_Indian_Affairs|Wyoming Supterintendency]]
 ==== Census Records  ====
-The 1900 federal census included population schedules for the Shoshone Indians of Northern Utah. These schedules were not classified in the Bureau of Census records as a separate district, but were simply included in District 207, Portage Precinct in Box Elder County, Utah. However, the Shoshone Indians in this precinct are recorded on [[Indian Population Schedules -- 1900 United States Census|Indian Population Schedules]]
+The 1900 federal census included population schedules for the Shoshone Indians of Northern Utah. These schedules were not classified in the Bureau of Census records as a separate district but were simply included in District 207, Portage Precinct in Box Elder County, Utah. However, the Shoshone Indians in this precinct are recorded on [[Indian Population Schedules -- 1900 United States Census|Indian Population Schedules]]
 The Bureau of Indian Affairs compiled annual Indian Census Rolls on many of the reservations from 1885 to 1940. They list the names of individuals, their age, and other details about each person enumerated. For more information about these records, [[American Indian Census Rolls|click here]].
+Census of the Bannock and Shoshone Indians of Fort Hall, Idaho. by Thomas Benton Teter. {{FSC|49365|item|disp=FS Library Book Q970.1 Al#1 or FS Library Film: 928110-928115}}
 The following table lists the census rolls for the Shoshone Indians:
-{| border="1" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1"
+{| cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1"
 |-
 ! scope="col" | Tribe
@@ Line 168: / Line 243: @@
 Post 1885-Census
 M595 RG 75 Rolls 693
 ! scope="col" |
-FHL
+FS Library
 Film
 Number
 |-
@@ Line 182: / Line 257: @@
 | Denver
 | 167, 498-504, 631, 663
-| {{FHL|Films: 581873-581879}}
+| FS Library Films: 581873-581879
 |-
 | Shoshone
@@ Line 188: / Line 263: @@
 | Seattle
 | 138-44, 498-504
-| {{FLH|Films:576493-576499}}
+| FLH Films: 576493-576499
 |-
 | Shoshone
@@ Line 194: / Line 269: @@
 | Seattle
 | 248
-| {{FHL|Film: 576494}}
+| FS Library Film: 576494
 |-
 | Shoshone, Western
@@ Line 200: / Line 275: @@
 | San Francisco
 | 646-48
-| {{FHL|Films: 583105-583107}}
+| FS Library Films: 583105-583107
 |-
 | Shoshone
@@ Line 206: / Line 281: @@
 | San Francisco
 | 18-21
-| {{FHL|Films: 573864-573867}}
+| FS Library Films: 573864-573867
 |}
+==== Annuity  ====
+-1910 Annuity Payments Fort Hall Agency for Bannock and Shoshone at the National Archives
+-1905; 1907-1910;1911-1935; 1937-1947 Annuity Payments Shoshone Annuity rolls. at the National Archives.
+The above taken from:
+*Hart, Royal. List of the Rolls of Annuity Payments Made to Indians. Record Group 75, GSA, Washington D.C. 1954.
+==== Allotment  ====
+Duck River Reservation, Nevada and Idaho. Paiute and Shoshone - not allotted.
+Fort Hall Reservation, Idaho. Shoshone, Bannock -&nbsp; Allotted.
+Wind River Reservation, Wyoming. Nothern Arapaho, Shoshone - Allotted
+==== Enrollment  ====
+Enrollment requirements are contained in Tribal Constitutions.
 ==== Treaties  ====
@@ Line 216: / Line 313: @@
 *1855 June 9, referred to in Wallawalla Treaty
-*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/sho0848.htm 1863] July 2, at Fort Bridger, with Eastern Shoshone
+*[https://dc.library.okstate.edu/digital/collection/kapplers/id/26689 1863] July 2, at Fort Bridger, with Eastern Shoshone
-*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/sho0850.htm 1863] July 30, at Box Elder Shoshone-Northwestern Bands&nbsp;
+*[https://dc.library.okstate.edu/digital/collection/kapplers/id/26691 1863] July 30, at Box Elder Shoshone-Northwestern Bands
-*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/sho0851.htm 1863] October 1,at Ruby Valley with Western Shoshoni&nbsp;
+*[https://dc.library.okstate.edu/digital/collection/kapplers/id/26692 1863] October 1, at Ruby Valley with Western Shoshone
-*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/sho0859.htm 1863] October 12, at Tuilla Valley with Shoshoni-Goship
+*[https://dc.library.okstate.edu/digital/collection/kapplers/id/26700 1863] October 12, at Tuilla Valley with Shoshone-Goship
-*1868:at Fort Bridger Eastern Band Shoshoni and Bannock
+*1868:at Fort Bridger Eastern Band Shoshone and Bannock
 ==== Tribal Office Records  ====
@@ Line 232: / Line 329: @@
 Some vital records for the Shoshone Indians include:
-*Wind River Agency, M595, births and deaths 1938-39, {{FHL|Film: 583122}} and births and deaths 1924-1932, {{FHL|Film: 581878 }}
+*Wind River Agency, M595,
-*Fort Hall Agency, M595, birth and deaths, {{FHL|Film: 576497}} and births and deaths 1924-1934, {{FHL|Film: 576498 and 576499}}
+Births and deaths 1938-39, FS Library Film: 583122 Births and deaths 1924-1932, FS Library Film: 581878 <br>
+*Fort Hall Agency, M595,
+Birth and deaths, FS Library Film: 576497 Births and deaths 1924-1934, FS Library Film: 576498 and 576499
+=== Records Available through the FamilySearch Library  ===
+==== Census  ====
+Census of the Bannock and Shoshone Indians of Fort Hall, Idaho. by Thomas Benton Teter. {{FSC|49365|item|disp=FS Library Book Q970.1 Al#1 or FS Library Film: 928110-928115}} <br>
+, 1890-1893, 1895-1899 '''Shoshone Agency''', Wyoming. Shoshone and Arapaho Indians. FS Library film 581873 (M595 roll 498) <br>
-=== Important Web Sites  ===
+-1911 Shoshone Agency, Wyoming. Shoshone and Arapaho Indians. FS Library film 581874 (M595 roll 499) <br>
+-1918 Shoshone Agency, Wyoming. Shoshone and Arapaho Indians. FS Library film 581875 (M595 roll 500) <br>
+-1925 Shoshone Agency, Wyoming. Shoshone and Arapaho Indians. FS Library film 581876 (M595 roll 501) <br>
+-1929 Shoshone Agency, Wyoming. Shoshone and Arapaho Indians. FS Library film 581877 (M595 roll 502 <br>
+-1932 Shoshone Agency, Wyoming. Shoshone and Arapaho, Wind River Reservation. '''Births and Deaths''' - 1922, 1924-1931. FS Library film 581878 (M595 roll 503) <br>
+-1937 Shoshone Agency, Wyoming. Shoshone and Arapaho Indians. FS Library film 581879 (M595 roll 504) <br>
+-1931 '''Walker River Agency''', Carson Nevada. Paiute, Monache, Shoshone, and Washo Indians. FS Library film 583090 (M595 roll 631) <br>
+-1932 '''Carson Agency''', Nevada. Paiute, Shoshone. '''Death roll''', 1925-1931 and '''Birth roll''', 1925-1931. FS Library film 573865 (M595 roll 19) <br>
+-1936 Carson Agency, Nevada. Paiute, Shoshone, Washo, '''Carson School'''. FS Library film 573866 (M595 roll 20) <br>
+-1939 Carson Agency, Nevada. Paiute, Shoshone, Washo Indians, Carson School. FS Library film 573867 (M595 roll 21) <br>
+-1887;1890-1891;1894-1901 '''Fort Hall''', Idaho. Shoshone and Bannock Indians. FS Library film 576493 (M595 roll 138) <br>
+-1909 Fort Hall, Idaho. Shoshone and Bannock. FS Library film 576494 (M595 roll 139) <br>
+-1914 Fort Hall, Idaho. Shoshone and Bannock. FS Library film 576495 (M595 roll 140)<br>
+-1926 Fort Hall, Idaho. Shoshone and Bannock. FS Library film 576496 (M595 roll 141)<br>
+-1931 Fort Hall, Idaho. Shoshone and Bannock. FS Library film 576497 (M595 roll 142)<br>
+-1934 Fort Hall, Idaho. Shoshone and Bannock, Indians as Washakie, sub-agency, Utah - 1932. page 195 '''Live Births''' 1 July 1924- 31 Mar 1932, page 221 '''Death Rolls''' July 1924-April 1932,page 405-587 '''Washakie Sub-Agency rolls''', 1934-1935 <br>
+-1923 '''Goshute Agency''' Goshute, Shoshone, Paiute, Kanosh and Pahvant FS Library film 576856 (M595 roll 167) <br>
+,1887-1906 '''Lemhi Agency, Idaho. Shoshone, Bannock and Sheepeater FS Library film 576937 (M595 roll 248) <br>'''
+-1939 Wind River Agency, Wyoming. Shoshone and Arapaho Indians. '''Births and deaths''' 1938-1939. (For earlier rolls see Shoshone Winnebago Agency, Nebraska Omaha and Winnebago Indians - E. Kay Kirkham) <br>
+=== Websites  ===
 *[http://www.shoshoneindian.com/default.htm The Shoshone Indians] -- History and description of the Shoshone Indian, especially the Eastern Shoshone of the Wind River Reservation.
@@ Line 245: / Line 393: @@
 *Shoshone Tribe [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoshone Wikipedia]
-=== References  ===
+=== For Further Reading  ===
-<references />
+==== Shoshone  ====
-=== Bibliography  ===
+*Carlson, Paul H. ''The Plains Indians''. College Station, Texas: Texas A M University Press, c1998. FS Library|book 970.1 C197p
-==== Shoshone  ====
+Hill, George W. Vocabulary of the Shoshone Language. Salt Lake City, Utah&nbsp;: Deseret News Steam Press, 1877. {{FSC|607538|item|disp=Book 970.3 Sh82h and film 1597767}} item 2
-*Carlson, Paul H. ''The Plains Indians''. College Station, Texas: Texas A M University Press, c1998. {{FHL|book 970.1 C197p}}
+*Trenholm, Virginia Cole - The Shoshonis; Sentinels of the Rockies. Norman University of Oklahoma Press, 1964. 367 pg. FS Library book 970.3n Sh82t
 ==== General  ====
-*[http://www.archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/075.html Guide to Federal Records in the National Archives; Record Group 75], Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs.
+See '''[[American Indian For Further Reading|For Further Reading]]'''.
-*Hodge, Frederick Webb. ''Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico''. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1906 [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/ Available online].
-*Klein, Barry T., ed. ''Reference Encyclopedia of the American Indian''. Nyack, New York: Todd Publications, 2009. 10th ed. [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/317923332?referer=list_view WorldCat 317923332]; {{FHL|1122745|title-id|disp=FHL book 970.1 R259e}}.
-*Madsen, Brigham D, ''The Northern Shoshoni.'' The Caxton Printers, Ltd. Caldwel, Idaho. C. 1980. ISBN 0-87004-289-0 &nbsp;
-*Malinowski, Sharon and Sheets, Anna, eds. The Gale Encyclopedia of Native American Tribes. Detroit: Gale Publishing, 1998. 4 volumes. Includes: Lists of Federally Recognized Tribes for U.S., Alaska, and Canada – pp. 513-529 Alphabetical Listing of Tribes, with reference to volume and page in this series Map of “Historic Locations of U.S. Native Groups” Map of “Historic Locations of Canadian Native Groups” Map of “Historic Locations of Mexican, Hawaiian and Caribbean Native Groups” Maps of “State and Federally Recognized U.S. Indian Reservations. [http://www.worldcat.org/search?q=no:037475188 WorldCat 37475188]; {{FHL|831087|title-id|disp=FHL book 970.1 G131g}}.
-:Vol. 1 -- Northeast, Southeast, Caribbean
+=== References  ===
-:Vol. 2 -- Great Basin, Southwest, Middle America
-:Vol. 3 -- Arctic, Subarctic, Great Plains, Plateau
-:Vol. 4 -- California, Pacific Northwest, Pacific Islands
-*Sturtevant, William C. ''Handbook of North American Indians''. 20 vols., some not yet published. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1978– . <br>
-:Volume 1 -- Not yet published
-:Volume 2 -- Indians in Contemporary Society (pub. 2008) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/234303751&referer=brief_results WorldCat 234303751]<br>
-:Volume 3 -- Environment, Origins, and Population (pub. 2006) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/255572371&referer=brief_results WorldCat 255572371]<br>
-:Volume 4 -- History of Indian-White Relations (pub. 1988) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/19331914&referer=brief_results WorldCat 19331914]; {{FHL|248632|title-id|disp=FHL book 970.1 H191h v.4}}.<br>
-:Volume 5 -- Arctic (pub. 1984) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/299653808&referer=brief_results WorldCat 299653808]; {{FHL|248632|title-id|disp=FHL book 970.1 H191h v.5}}.<br>
-:Volume 6 -- Subarctic (pub. 1981) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/247493742&referer=brief_results WorldCat 247493742]; {{FHL|248632|title-id|disp=FHL book 970.1 H191h v.6}}.<br>
-:Volume 7 -- Northwest Coast (pub. 1990) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/247493311&referer=brief_results WorldCat 247493311]<br>
-:Volume 8 -- California (pub. 1978) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/13240086&referer=brief_results WorldCat 13240086]; {{FHL|248632|title-id|disp=FHL book 970.1 H191h v.8}}.<br>
-:Volume 9 -- Southwest (pub. 1979) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/26140053&referer=brief_results WorldCat 26140053]; {{FHL|248632|title-id|disp=FHL book 970.1 H191h v.9}}.<br>
-:Volume 10 -- Southwest (pub. 1983) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/301504096&referer=brief_results WorldCat 301504096]; {{FHL|248632|title-id|disp=FHL book 970.1 H191h v.10}}.
-:Volume 11 -- Great Basin (pub. 1986) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/256516416&referer=brief_results WorldCat 256516416]; {{FHL|248632|title-id|disp=FHL book 970.1 H191h v.11}}.<br>
-:Volume 12 -- Plateau (pub. 1998) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/39401371&referer=brief_results WorldCat 39401371]; {{FHL|248632|title-id|disp=FHL book 970.1 H191h v.12}}.<br>
-:Volume 13 -- Plains, 2 vols. (pub. 2001) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/48209643&referer=brief_results WorldCat 48209643]<br>
-:Volume 14 -- Southeast (pub. 2004) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/254277176&referer=brief_results WorldCat 254277176]
-:Volume 15 -- Northwest (pub. 1978) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/256517503&referer=brief_results WorldCat 356517503]; {{FHL|248632|title-id|disp=FHL book 970.1 H191h v.15}}.<br>
-:Volume 16 -- Not yet published
-:Volume 17 -- Languages (pub. 1996) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/43957746&referer=brief_results WorldCat 43957746]<br>
-:Volume 18 -- Not yet published
-:Volume 19 -- Not yet published
-:Volume 20 -- Not yet published
-*Swanton John R. ''The Indian Tribes of North America''. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #145 [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/indianlocation.htm Available online].
+{{reflist}} {{Native American nav}}
-*Waldman, Carl. ''Encyclopedia of Native American Tribes''. New York, New York: Facts on File, 2006. 3rd ed. [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/14718193?referer=list_view WorldCat 14718193]; {{FHL|1465222|title-id|disp=FHL book 970.1 W146e 2006}}.
-[[Category:Indian_Tribes_of_the_United_States]] [[Category:Indian_Tribes_of_North_America]] [[Category:California_Indian_Tribes]] [[Category:Idaho_Indian_Tribes]] [[Category:Nevada_Indian_Tribes]] [[Category:Utah_Indian_Tribes]] [[Category:Wyoming_Indian_Tribes]]
+[[Category:Indigenous Tribes of California]] [[Category:Indigenous Tribes of Idaho]] [[Category:Indigenous Tribes of Montana]] [[Category:Indigenous Tribes of Nevada]] [[Category:Indigenous Tribes of Oregon]] [[Category:Indigenous Tribes of Utah]] [[Category:Indigenous Tribes of Wyoming]]