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=== Latin Genealogical Word List  ===
This list contains Latin words with their English translations. The words included here are those that you are likely to find in genealogical sources. If the word (or some form of it) that you are looking for is not on this list, please consult a Latin-English dictionary. (See the "Additional Resources" section below.)
Latin is the mother language for many modern European languages. Many words in English, Spanish, French, and other languages resemble Latin words and have the same or similar meanings.
Latin was used in the records of most European countries and in the Roman Catholic records of the United States and Canada. Because Latin was used in so many countries, local usage varied. Certain terms were commonly used in some countries but not in others. In addition, the Latin used in British records has more abbreviations than the Latin used in European records.
=== Language Characteristics  ===
==== Variant Forms of Words  ====
In Latin, the endings of most words vary according to how the words are used in a sentence. Who—whose— whom or marry—marries—married are examples of words in English with variant forms. This word list gives the most commonly seen form of each Latin word. As you read Latin records, be aware that almost all words vary with usage.
==== Gender  ====
Latin words for persons, places, and things (nouns) are classified as masculine, feminine, or neuter. For example, rex (king) is a masculine word, aetas (age) is a feminine word, and oppidum (town) is a neuter word.
Words that describe persons, places, or things (adjectives) will have either masculine, feminine, or neuter endings. For example, in Latin you would write magnus rex (great king), magna aetas (great age), and magnum oppidum (large town).
This word list gives only the masculine form of adjectives. For example:
noster, nostra, nostrum (our) is listed as noster
magnus, magna, magnum (great, large) is listed as magnus
nobilis, nobile (noble, known) is listed as nobilis
Some words have both a male (-us) and female (-a) form, such as patrinus (godfather) and patrina (godmother). This word list usually gives only the male form even though a female form may occur in Latin records. Thus, given the word famulus (servant), you can conclude that famula is a female servant.
Similarly, this word list gives only natus est ("he was born"). You can conclude that nata est means "she was born." The plural form nati sunt means "they were born."
==== Plurals  ====
Plural forms of Latin words usually end in -i, -ae, or -es. Thus patrinus (godfather) becomes patrini (godparents), filia (daughter) becomes filiae (daughters), and pater (father) becomes patres (fathers). However, these same endings may also indicate other grammatical changes besides plurality.
==== Grammatical Use  ====
The endings of Latin words can also vary depending on the grammatical use of the words. Latin grammar requires a specific type of ending for a word used as the subject of the sentence, used in the possessive, used as the object of a verb, or used with a preposition. Latin words fall into several classes, each with its own set of grammatical endings.
If you do not find a Latin word in this list with the same ending as the word in your Latin document, find a similar ending in the examples below to see how the word in your document is used:
{| width="100%"
|-
| '''Latin'''
| '''English'''
|-
| filius
| son
|-
| (pater) filii
| (father) of the son
|-
| (baptizavi) filium
| (I baptized the) son
|-
| (ex) filio
| (from) the son
|-
| vidua
| widow
|-
| (filius) viduae
| (son) of the widow
|-
| (sepelivi) viduam
| (I buried the) widow
|-
| (ex) vidua
| (from) the widow
|-
| pater
| father
|-
| (filius) patris
| (son) of the father
|-
| (sepelivi) patrem
| (I buried the) father
|-
| (ex) patre
| (from) the father
|}
Other noun endings change as follows to show possession:
-as may change to -atis
-ns may change to -ntis
-or may change to -oris
-tio may change to -tionis
Example: sartor (tailor) changes to sartoris (of the tailor)
Words that show action (verbs) also vary depending on who is doing the action and whether the action is past, present, or future. For example, the Latin word baptizare (to baptize) will appear with various endings:
{| width="100%"
|-
|
| '''Present'''
| '''Past'''
|-
|
| ''baptize''
| ''have baptized, baptized''
|-
| (I)
| baptizo
| baptizavi, baptizabam
|-
| (he)
| baptizat
| baptizavit, baptizabat
|-
| (they)
| baptizant
| baptizaverunt, baptizabant
|-
|
|-
|
| ''is baptized''
| ''was baptized''
|-
| (he/she)
| baptizatur
| baptizatus/baptizata est
|}
=== Spelling  ===
Spelling rules were not standardized in earlier centuries. The following spelling variations are common in Latin documents:
i and j used interchangeably
u and v used interchangeably
e used for ae (æ)
e used for oe (œ)
c used for qu
Examples:
ejusdem or eiusdem
civis or ciuis
preceptor or praeceptor
celebs or coelebs
quondam or condam
=== Additional Resources  ===
This word list includes only the words most commonly found in genealogical sources. For further help, use a Latin-English dictionary. Latin-English dictionaries are available on each floor of the FamilySearch Library. The call numbers begin with 473.21.
The following Latin-English dictionary is available on microfilm for use in FamilySearch Centers:
*Ainsworth, Robert. ''Ainsworth's Latin Dictionary'', rev. ed. London: F. Westly and A.H. Davis, 1836. {{FSC|473Ai65a 1836}}; {{FSC|599,788}}.
Additional dictionaries are listed under LATIN LANGUAGE - DICTIONARIES in the "Subject" section of the FamilySearch Catalog. Most bookstores carry useful, inexpensive Latin-English dictionaries.
The following sources can also be helpful for reading Latin records:
*Baxter, J. H. and Charles Johnson. ''Medieval Latin Word-List From British and Irish Sources.'' London: Oxford University Press, n.d. {{FSC|942 A8bm}}.
*Grun, Paul A. ''Schlüssel zur alten und neuen Abkürzungen: Wörterbuch lateinischer und deutscher Abkürzungen des späten Mittlealters und der Neuzeit.'' Limburg/Lahn, Germany: Starke Verlag, 1966. {{FSC|943 B4gg}} Vol. 6, Key to ancient and modern abbreviations: Dictionary of Latin and German abbreviations of the late middle age and modern times.
*Jensen, C. Russell. ''Parish Register Latin: An Introduction''. Salt Lake City, Utah: Vita Nova Books, 1988.{{FSC|475 J453p}} A guide to understanding Latin as it appears in continental European church records.
*Martin, Charles Trice. ''The Record Interpreter: A Collection of Abbreviations, Latin Words and Names Used in English Historical Manuscripts and Records,'' 2nd ed. London, England: Stevens, 1910. {{FSC|422.471 M363re}} 1910.
*McLaughlin, Eve. ''Simple Latin for Family Historians,'' 2nd ed. Birmingham, England, London: Federation of Family History Societies, 1987. {{FSC|471.1 M273}} This booklet lists Latin words frequently used in English parish registers.
=== Key Words  ===
To find and use specific types of Latin records, you will need to know some key words in Latin. This section lists key genealogical terms in English and gives the Latin words that have the same or similar meanings.
For example, in the first column you will find the English word marriage. In the second column you will find Latin words with meanings such as marry, marriage, wedding, wedlock, unite, legitimate, joined, and other words used in Latin records to indicate marriage.
{| width="100%"
|-
| '''English'''
| '''Latin'''
|-
| birth
| nati, natus/nata, genitus, natales, ortus, oriundus
|-
| burial
| sepulti, sepultus, humatus, humatio
|-
| christening
| baptismi, baptizatus, renatus, plutus, lautus, purgatus, ablutus, lustratio
|-
| child
| infans, filius/filia, puer, proles
|-
| death
| mortuus, defunctus, obitus, denatus, decessus, peritus, mors, mortis, obiit, decessit
|-
| father
| pater
|-
| godparents
| patrini, levantes, susceptores, compater, commater, matrina
|-
| husband
| maritus, sponsus, conjux, vir
|-
| marriage
| matrimonium, copulatio, copulati, conjuncti, intronizati, nupti, sponsati, ligati, mariti
|-
| marriage banns
| banni, proclamationes, denuntiationes
|-
| mother
| mater
|-
| name (given)
| nomen
|-
| name (surname)
| cognomen
|-
| parents
| parentes, genitores
|-
| wife
| uxor, marita, conjux, sponsa, mulier, femina, consors
|}
=== External Links  ===
*[http://www.freedict.com/onldict/ita.html Online English to Italian to English Dictionary]
*[http://italian.about.com/od/italiandictionaries/Dictionaries.htm Italian Dictionaries - Italian Glossaries - Dizionario Italiano: About.com]
*[https://script.byu.edu/Pages/the-latin-documents-pages/the-latin-documents(english) BYU Script Latin Tutorial]


==Description==
==Description==
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Italian is a Romance language derived from Latin. Italian is spoken in Italy and the southern part of Switzerland in the cantons of Ticino and Graubünden. Italian is also spoken in Yugoslavia near the border with Trieste. Some of the records of Corsica, Nice, and Savoy were written in Italian before those areas became part of France. Clusters of Italian immigrants in major cities like New York, Chicago, Montreal, Toronto, and Melbourne also speak Italian. Sicilian, Neapolitan, Romanesque, and Venetian are major dialects of Italian, and they use words similar to the words on this list. Several other minor dialects are spoken in the various provinces of Italy.  
Italian is a Romance language derived from Latin. Italian is spoken in Italy and the southern part of Switzerland in the cantons of Ticino and Graubünden. Italian is also spoken in Yugoslavia near the border with Trieste. Some of the records of Corsica, Nice, and Savoy were written in Italian before those areas became part of France. Clusters of Italian immigrants in major cities like New York, Chicago, Montreal, Toronto, and Melbourne also speak Italian. Sicilian, Neapolitan, Romanesque, and Venetian are major dialects of Italian, and they use words similar to the words on this list. Several other minor dialects are spoken in the various provinces of Italy.  
This list contains Latin words with their English translations. [[Latin Genealogical Word List|Latin Genealogical Word List]]. The words included here are those that you are likely to find in genealogical sources.
Latin is the mother language for many modern European languages. Many words in English, Spanish, French, and other languages resemble Latin words and have the same or similar meanings. Latin was used in the records of most European countries and in the Roman Catholic records of the United States and Canada. Because Latin was used in so many countries, local usage varied. Certain terms were commonly used in some countries but not in others. In addition, the Latin used in British records has more abbreviations than the Latin used in European records.


==Word List(s)==
==Word List(s)==
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*[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/italian.htm Italian Alphabet and Pronunciation (Omniglot)]
*[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/italian.htm Italian Alphabet and Pronunciation (Omniglot)]
*[https://forvo.com/languages/it/ Italian pronunciation dictionary (Forvo)]
*[https://forvo.com/languages/it/ Italian pronunciation dictionary (Forvo)]
*[https://script.byu.edu/latin-handwriting/introduction Latin Script Tutorial (BYU)]


==Language Aids and Dictionaries==
==Language Aids and Dictionaries==
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*[https://glosbe.com/en/it English to Italian Dictionary (Glosbe)]
*[https://glosbe.com/en/it English to Italian Dictionary (Glosbe)]
*[https://www.lexilogos.com/english/italian_dictionary.htm Italian dictionary (Lexilogos)]
*[https://www.lexilogos.com/english/italian_dictionary.htm Italian dictionary (Lexilogos)]
*[https://www.freedict.com/onldict/ita.html English to Italian Dictionary (FreeDict)]
* Bulhosen, Pat, Francesca Logi, and Loredana Riu. ''The pocket Oxford Italian dictionary : English-Italian, Italian-English.'' Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/649197419 WorldCat].
* Bulhosen, Pat, Francesca Logi, and Loredana Riu. ''The pocket Oxford Italian dictionary : English-Italian, Italian-English.'' Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/649197419 WorldCat].
*[http://ilovelanguages.org/italian.php Italian Lessons (ILoveLanguages)]
*[http://ilovelanguages.org/italian.php Italian Lessons (ILoveLanguages)]
*[https://www.duolingo.com/course/it/en/Learn-Italian Learn Italian (Duolingo)]
*[https://www.duolingo.com/course/it/en/Learn-Italian Learn Italian (Duolingo)]
* Medina, Sarah. ''Italian.'' Chicago, Ill.: Heinemann Library, 2012. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/670238315 WorldCat].
* Medina, Sarah. ''Italian.'' Chicago, Ill.: Heinemann Library, 2012. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/670238315 WorldCat].
*[https://script.byu.edu/Pages/the-latin-documents-pages/the-latin-documents(english) BYU Script Latin Tutorial]
*[https://script.byu.edu/latin-handwriting/introduction BYU Script Latin Tutorial]
* Orlandi, Giuseppe. ''Dizionario italiano-inglese, inglese-italiano.'' Milano: Carlo Signorelli, 1957. '''''Available at:''''' [https://worldcat.org/title/865779562 WorldCat].
* Orlandi, Giuseppe. ''Dizionario italiano-inglese, inglese-italiano.'' Milano: Carlo Signorelli, 1957. '''''Available at:''''' [https://worldcat.org/title/865779562 WorldCat].
* ''Il nuovo dizionario inglese Garzanti (The new Garzanti English dictionary).'' Milano,: Garzanti, 1984. '''''Available at:''''' [https://worldcat.org/title/797721478 WorldCat].
* ''Il nuovo dizionario inglese Garzanti (The new Garzanti English dictionary).'' Milano,: Garzanti, 1984. '''''Available at:''''' [https://worldcat.org/title/797721478 WorldCat].
'''Latin'''
* Ainsworth, Robert. ''Ainsworth's Latin dictionary.'' London: F. Westley and A.H. Davis, 1836. '''''Available at:''''' [https://worldcat.org/title/865640847 WorldCat].
* Baxter, James Houston, Charles Johnson, and Phyllis Abrahams. ''Medieval Latin word-list from British and Irish sources.'' Geoffrey Cumberlege, London: Oxford University Press, 1947. '''''Available at:''''' [https://worldcat.org/title/10562543 WorldCat].
* Jensen, C. Russell. ''Parish register latin : an introduction.'' Salt Lake City, UT: Vita Nova Books, 1988. '''''Available at:''''' [https://worldcat.org/title/20991732 WorldCat].
* Martin, Charles Trice. ''The record interpreter: a collection of abbreviations, Latin words and names used in English historical manuscripts and records..'' London: Stevens and Sons, Limited, 1910. '''''Available at:''''' [https://worldcat.org/title/4212879 WorldCat].
* McLaughlin, Eve. ''A McLaughlin Guide Simple Latin for Family Historians.'' Birmingham, England: Federation of Family History Societies, 1988. '''''Available at:''''' [https://worldcat.org/title/989935668 WorldCat].


==Additional Resources==
==Additional Resources==

Latest revision as of 12:19, 20 March 2024


Italy Wiki Topics
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Description

The official and most widely spoken language across Italy is Italian.
Of the indigenous languages, twelve are officially acknowledged as spoken by linguistic minorities: [1]

This list contains Italian words with their English translations. Italian Genealogical Word List. The words included here are those that you are likely to find in genealogical sources.

Italian is a Romance language derived from Latin. Italian is spoken in Italy and the southern part of Switzerland in the cantons of Ticino and Graubünden. Italian is also spoken in Yugoslavia near the border with Trieste. Some of the records of Corsica, Nice, and Savoy were written in Italian before those areas became part of France. Clusters of Italian immigrants in major cities like New York, Chicago, Montreal, Toronto, and Melbourne also speak Italian. Sicilian, Neapolitan, Romanesque, and Venetian are major dialects of Italian, and they use words similar to the words on this list. Several other minor dialects are spoken in the various provinces of Italy.

This list contains Latin words with their English translations. Latin Genealogical Word List. The words included here are those that you are likely to find in genealogical sources.

Latin is the mother language for many modern European languages. Many words in English, Spanish, French, and other languages resemble Latin words and have the same or similar meanings. Latin was used in the records of most European countries and in the Roman Catholic records of the United States and Canada. Because Latin was used in so many countries, local usage varied. Certain terms were commonly used in some countries but not in others. In addition, the Latin used in British records has more abbreviations than the Latin used in European records.

Word List(s)

Most materials used in Italian research are written in Italian. However, you do not need to speak or read Italian to do research in Italian records. You will, however, need to know some key words and phrases to understand the records.

Because the Roman Catholic Church is predominant, most church records are in Latin. Because of the various political situations through the years, you may also find records from the northern areas in French or German.

Latin grammar may affect the way names appear in the church records. For example, the names Dominica and Dominicam refer to the same person. Translated into Italian, this same person would be Domenica. If the records are in Italian, the spelling of your ancestor’s name will not be affected by grammar.

For word lists and help researching in Italian records, see:

Italian

Alphabet and Pronunciation

Italian

Language Aids and Dictionaries

Italian

Latin

  • Ainsworth, Robert. Ainsworth's Latin dictionary. London: F. Westley and A.H. Davis, 1836. Available at: WorldCat.
  • Baxter, James Houston, Charles Johnson, and Phyllis Abrahams. Medieval Latin word-list from British and Irish sources. Geoffrey Cumberlege, London: Oxford University Press, 1947. Available at: WorldCat.
  • Jensen, C. Russell. Parish register latin : an introduction. Salt Lake City, UT: Vita Nova Books, 1988. Available at: WorldCat.
  • Martin, Charles Trice. The record interpreter: a collection of abbreviations, Latin words and names used in English historical manuscripts and records.. London: Stevens and Sons, Limited, 1910. Available at: WorldCat.
  • McLaughlin, Eve. A McLaughlin Guide Simple Latin for Family Historians. Birmingham, England: Federation of Family History Societies, 1988. Available at: WorldCat.

Additional Resources

References

  1. ↑ Wikipedia contributors, "Languages of Italy," in Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_Italy, accessed 24 May 2023.
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