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Learn about the Indians of Maine, the tribes and bands, reservation and records
 
To learn how to get started with Native American research, find research facilities, and native American websites [[American Indian Genealogy|click here]].


== Tribes and Bands of Maine  ==
== Tribes and Bands of Maine  ==


The following list of American Indians who have lived in Maine has been compiled from Hodge's ''Handbook of American Indians...''<ref>Hodge, Frederick Webb. ''Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico''. Washington D.C.:Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #30 1907. [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/handbook_american_indians.htm Available online].</ref> and from Swanton's ''The Indian Tribes of North America''<ref>Swanton John R. ''The Indian Tribes of North America''. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #145 [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/maine/index.htm Available online].</ref>. Some may simply be variant spellings for the same tribe.  
The following list of American Indians who have lived in Maine has been compiled from Hodge's ''Handbook of American Indians...''<ref>Hodge, Frederick Webb. ''Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico''. Washington D.C.:Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #30 1907. [https://archive.org/details/handbookamindians02hodgrich Available online].</ref> and from Swanton's ''The Indian Tribes of North America''<ref>Swanton John R. ''The Indian Tribes of North America''. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #145 [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/maine/index.htm Available online].</ref>. Some may simply be variant spellings for the same tribe.  


*[[Abenaki Indians|Abenaki]] (Abnaki, Wabanaki)  
*[[Abenaki Indians|Abnaki]] (Abnaki, Wabanaki) Abnaki Confederacy: there were and estimated 25,000 Abnakis at the time of the Puritan settlement. 
*Malecite  
*[http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/malecite-tribe.htm Malecite]
*[[Passamaquoddy Indians|Passamaquoddy]]  
*[[Passamaquoddy Indians|Passamaquoddy]]  
*[[Penobscot Indians|Penobscot]]  
*[[Penobscot Indians|Penobscot]]  
*[[Pennacook Indians|Pennacook]]
*[[Pennacook Indians|Pennacook]]


==== Minor or Historical Tribes or Tribes with Minimal Connection to Maine  ====
*The Wabanakis of Maine and the Maritimes: A Resource book about Penobscot, Passamaquoddy, Maliseet, Micmac and Abenaki Indians. By American Friends Service Committee. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: c 1989 {{FSC|452961|item|disp=FS Catalog book 970.3 Ab71w}} [http://www.worldcat.org/title/wabanakis-of-maine-and-the-maritimes-a-resource-book-about-penobscot-passamaquoddy-maliseet-micmac-and-abenaki-indians/oclc/866270243 WorldCat]
 
=== Minor or Historical Tribes or Tribes with Minimal Connection to Maine  ===
 
[http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/arosaguntacook-tribe.htm Anasaguntacooks], Etechemin, [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/norridgewock-tribe.htm Norridgewock]
 
*The Indians of Maine. by Roger B. Ray. Maine Historical Society (Portland,Maine) {{FSC |45138 |item| disp=FS Catalog book 970.1 R213i}} [http://www.worldcat.org/title/indians-of-maine-a-bibliographical-guide-being-largely-a-selected-inventory-of-material-on-the-subject-in-the-societys-library/oclc/516943 WorldCat]
 
== Agencies of the Bureau of Indian Affairs  ==
 
== Records  ==
 
The '''majority of records of individuals were those created by the agencies'''. Some records may be available to tribal members through the tribal headquarters. They were (and are) the local office of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, and were charged with maintaining records of the activities of those under their responsibility. Among these records are:<br>
 
*[[American Indian Allotment Records|Allotment records]]
*[[American Indian Annuity Rolls|Annuity rolls]]
*[[American Indian Census Rolls|Census records]]
*[[American Indian Correspondence and Reports|Correspondence]]
*[[American Indian Health Records|Health records]]
*[[American Indian Correspondence and Reports|Reports]]
*[[American Indian School Records|School census and records]]
*[[American Indian Vital Records Supplements in Census Rolls|Vital records]]
 
=== Census  ===
 
Census of the Penobscot Tribe of Indians: as compiled by the tribal committee on February 11,1971, at Indian Island, Maine. by Penobscot Nation. Tribal Committee. {{FSC|160710|item|disp=FS Librarybook 970.3P386p}} [http://www.worldcat.org/title/census-of-the-penobscot-tribe-of-indians-as-compiled-by-the-tribal-comittee-on-february-11-1971-at-indian-island-maine/oclc/865973334 WorldCat]
 
=== Church  ===
 
The Catholic Indian Missions in Maine, 1611-1820. by Mary Celeste Leger. {{FSC|656536|item|disp=FS Catalog book 970.1 L524c}} [http://www.worldcat.org/title/catholic-indian-missions-in-maine-1611-1820-a-dissertation-submitted-to-the-faculty-of-philosophy-of-the-catholic-university-of-america-in-partial-fulfillment-of-the-requirements-for-the-degree-of-doctor-of-philosophy/oclc/866305843 WorldCat]
 
== FamilySearch Library  ==
 
*Masta, Henry Lorne, ''Abenaki Indian Legends, Grammar and Place Names'' (Victoriaville, Quebec:LaVoix de Bois-Frances, c1932) {{WorldCat|2627355|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}}; {{FSC|58819|item|disp=FS Catalog book 970.3 Ab71m}}
 
*Whitney, Seth Harding, ''The Kennebec Valley'' (Tucson, Arizona:W.C. Cox, 1974) {{WorldCat|1199925|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}}; {{FSC|119794|item|disp=FS Library film 1000057 item 1}}
 
*Penobscot Nation Tribal Committee, ''Census of the Penobscot tribe of Indians: as compiled by the tribal committee on February 11, 1971, at Indian Island, Maine'' (Indian Island, Maine:[s.n.], 1971) {{FSC|160710|item|disp=FS Catalog book 970.3 P386p}}


Anasaguntacooks, Etechemin, Norridgewock
*Speck, Frank Gouldsmith, ''Penobscot Man:the Life History of a Forest Tribe in Maine'' (Ann Arbor, Michigan: Xerox University Microfilms, 1974) {{WorldCat|924202|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}}; {{FSC|271694|item|disp=FS Library film 1009059 item 1}}


== Reservations  ==
*American Friends Service Committee, ''The Wabanakis of Maine and the Maritimes: a resource book about Penobscot, Passamaquoddy, Maliseet, Micmac and Abenaki Indians'' (Philadelphi, Pennsylvania: American Friends Service Committe, c1989). {{FSC|452961|item|disp=FS Catalog book 970.3 Ab71w}}


From the mid-1800s, the official policy of the United States government toward the American Indian was to confine each tribe to a specific parcel of land called a reservation. Agencies were established on or near each reservation. A government representative, usually called an agent (or superintendent) was assigned to each agency. Their duties included maintaining the peace, making payments to the Native Americans based on the stipulations of the treaties with each tribe, and providing a means of communication between the native population and the federal government.  
*Leger, Sister Mary Celeste, ''The Catholic Indian missions in Maine, 1611-1820: a dissertation submitted to the faculty of Philosophy of the Catholic University of America in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy'' (Washington (DC): Catholic University of America, 1929) {{FSC|656536|item|disp=FS Catalog book 970.1 L524c}}


Sometimes, a single agency had jurisdiction over more than one reservation. And sometimes, if the tribal population and land area required it, an agency may have included sub-agencies.  
*Lorraine Henry (Rainwaters) and Jane Curtis Joseph Waters, ''Native American Directory of: Maine, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, Wisconsin'' {{WorldCat|39334447|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}}; {{FSC|728264|item|disp=FS Catalog book 970.1 H396n}}


The boundaries of reservations, over time, have changed. Usually, that means the reservations have been reduced in size. Sometimes, especially during the later policy of "termination," the official status of reservations was ended altogether.  
See also the FamilySearch Catalog [https://familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titlehitlist&columns=*%2C0%2C0&keyword=Maine+Native+Races&prekeyword=Maine+Native+Races Maine Native Races]


The following list of reservations has been compiled from the ''National Atlas of the United States of America''<ref>National Atlas of the United States of America -- Federal Lands and Indian Reservations [http://www.nationalatlas.gov/printable/images/pdf/fedlands/me.pdf Available online.]</ref>, the ''Omni Gazetteer of the United States of America''<ref>Isaacs. Katherine M., editor. ''Omni Gazetteer of the United States of America''. U.S. Data Sourcebook, Volume 11 Appendices, Bureau of Indian Affairs List of American Indian Reservations, Appendix E, Indian Reservations. Omnigraphics, Inc., 1991.</ref>, and other sources. Those reservations named in '''bold''' are current federally-recognized reservations, with their associated agency and tribe(s). Others have historically been associated with the state or are not currently recognized by the federal government.<br>
'''History'''


*'''Aroostook Band of Micmac Indians'''
1525-1775 The Abnaki carried on an extensive fur trade. The city of Pemaquid was a trade center for New England.
*Houlton Band of Malecite (Maliseet): State, Tribe: Malecite
*'''Indian Township Reservation: '''State, Tribe: Passamaqoddy
*'''Passamaquoddy Reservation: '''State, Tribe:&nbsp;Passamaquody
*'''Penobscot Reservation: '''State, Tribe: Penobscot
*'''Pleasant Point Reservation: '''State, Tribe Passamaquody


== Agencies of&nbsp; the Bureau of Indian Affairs  ==
The Abnaki were constantly at war with the English.  At the end of French power, most of the Abnaki withdrew to Quebec Canada.


== Other Repositories  ==
== Other Repositories  ==


*Maine State Archives, State house Station 64, Augusta, ME 04333
*[http://www.maine.gov/sos/arc/ Maine State Archives,] State House Station 64, Augusta, ME 04333
 
== Reservations  ==
 
From the mid-1800s, the official policy of the United States government toward the Native American was to confine each tribe to a specific parcel of land called a reservation. Agencies were established on or near each reservation. A government representative, usually called an agent (or superintendent) was assigned to each agency. Their duties included maintaining the peace, making payments to the Native Americans based on the stipulations of the treaties with each tribe, and providing a means of communication between the native population and the federal government.
 
Sometimes, a single agency had jurisdiction over more than one reservation. And sometimes, if the tribal population and land area required it, an agency may have included sub-agencies.
 
The boundaries of reservations, over time, have changed. Usually, that means the reservations have been reduced in size. Sometimes, especially during the later policy of "termination," the official status of reservations was ended altogether.
 
For a current reservation map, see [https://www.doi.gov/sites/doi.gov/files/uploads/12_bia_regions.pdf Map of Indian Lands in the United States], U.S. Department of the Interior.


== Family History Library  ==
The following list of reservations has been compiled from the ''National Atlas of the United States of America''<ref>[https://www.loc.gov/item/79654043/ National Atlas of the United States, 1970], Federal Lands and Indian Reservations.</ref>, the ''Omni Gazetteer of the United States of America''<ref>Isaacs. Katherine M., editor. ''Omni Gazetteer of the United States of America''. U.S. Data Sourcebook, Volume 11 Appendices, Bureau of Indian Affairs List of American Indian Reservations, Appendix E, Indian Reservations. Omnigraphics, Inc., 1991.</ref>, and other sources. Those reservations named in '''bold''' are current federally-recognized reservations, with their associated agency and tribe(s). Others have historically been associated with the state or are not currently recognized by the federal government.<br>


*Catholic Indian Mission records
*'''Aroostook Band of Micmac Indians'''
*Houlton Band of Malecite (Maliseet): State, Tribe: Malecite
*'''Indian Township Reservation''': State, Tribe: Passamaqoddy
*'''Passamaquoddy Reservation''': State, Tribe:Passamaquody
*[[Penobscot Reservation|'''Penobscot Reservation''']]: State, Tribe: Penobscot Located in [[Penobscot County, Maine Genealogy|Penobscot County]]. Tribal enrollment 1969: 840; Land Tribally owned see also: [[Penobscot Indian Island Reservation|Penobscot Island Reservation]]<br>
*'''Pleasant Point Reservation''':State, Tribe Passamaquody


== See Also: ==
== See Also  ==


*[[Maine History|Maine-History]] for a calendar of events  
*[[Maine History|Maine-History]] for a calendar of events  
*[[Maine Military Records|Maine-Military]] for a list of forts
*[[Maine Military Records|Maine-Military]] for a list of forts  
*[[Ne-Do-Ba]] for additional information


== References  ==
== References  ==


<references />
<references />  


==== Bibliography  ====
== Bibliography  ==


*"Accompanying Pamphlet for Microcopy 1011", National Archives Microfilm Publications, Appendix.  
*"Accompanying Pamphlet for Microcopy 1011", National Archives Microfilm Publications, Appendix.  
*''American Indians: A Select Catalog of National Archives Microfilm Publications''. Washington DC: National Archives Trust Fund Board, National Archives and Records Administration, 1998.  
*''American Indians: A Select Catalog of National Archives Microfilm Publications''. Washington DC: National Archives Trust Fund Board, National Archives and Records Administration, 1998.  
*Gilbert, William Harlen, Jr. Surviving Indian Groups in the Eastern United States. Pp. 407-438 of the Smithsonian Report for 1948. [http://picasaweb.google.com/craingen/Surviving_Indian_Groups# Available online].  
*Gilbert, William Harlen, Jr. Surviving Indian Groups in the Eastern United States. Pp. 407-438 of the Smithsonian Report for 1948. [http://gilbert1948.webs.com/ Available online].  
*Hill, Edward E. (comp.). ''Guide to Records in the National Archives of the United States Relating to American Indians''. Washington DC: National Archives and Records Service, General Services Administration, 1981.  
*Hill, Edward E. (comp.). ''Guide to Records in the National Archives of the United States Relating to American Indians''. Washington DC: National Archives and Records Service, General Services Administration, 1981.  
*Hill, Edward E. ''The Office of Indian Affairs, 1824-1880: Historical Sketches''. New York, New York: Clearwater Publishing Company, Inc., 1974.  
*Hill, Edward E. ''The Office of Indian Affairs, 1824-1880: Historical Sketches''. New York, New York: Clearwater Publishing Company, Inc., 1974.  
*''Historical Sketches for Jurisdictional and Subject Headings Used for the Letters Received by the Office of Indian Affairs, 1824-1880''. National Archives Microcopy T1105.  
*''Historical Sketches for Jurisdictional and Subject Headings Used for the Letters Received by the Office of Indian Affairs, 1824-1880''. National Archives Microcopy T1105.  
*Hodge, Frederick Webb. ''Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico''. Washington D.C.:Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #30 1907. [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/handbook_american_indians.htm Available online].  
*Hodge, Frederick Webb. ''Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico''. Washington D.C.:Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #30 1907. [https://archive.org/details/handbookamindians02hodgrich Available online].  
*Isaacs. Katherine M., editor. ''Omni Gazetteer of the United States of America''. U.S. Data Sourcebook, Volume 11 Appendices, Bureau of Indian Affairs List of American Indian Reservations, Appendix E, Indian Reservations. Omnigraphics, Inc., 1991.  
*Isaacs. Katherine M., editor. ''Omni Gazetteer of the United States of America''. U.S. Data Sourcebook, Volume 11 Appendices, Bureau of Indian Affairs List of American Indian Reservations, Appendix E, Indian Reservations. Omnigraphics, Inc., 1991.  
*National Atlas of the United States of America -- Federal Lands and Indian Reservations [http://www.nationalatlas.gov/printable/images/pdf/fedlands/ME.pdf Available online].  
*[https://www.loc.gov/item/79654043/ National Atlas of the United States, 1970], Federal Lands and Indian Reservations.
*''Preliminary Inventory No. 163: Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs''. Washington DC: National Archives and Records Services. [http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~texlance/records/bia(dc)intro.htm Available online]  
*''Preliminary Inventory No. 163: Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs''. Washington DC: National Archives and Records Services. [http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~texlance/records/bia(dc)intro.htm Available online]  
*Swanton John R. ''The Indian Tribes of North America''. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #145 [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/maine/index.htm Available online].
*Swanton John R. ''The Indian Tribes of North America''. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #145 [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/maine/index.htm Available online].


{{Maine | Maine}}  
{{Native American nav}} {{Maine | Maine}}  


[[Category:Maine]] [[Category:Indians_of_the_United_States]]
[[Category:Indigenous Tribes of Maine]] [[Category:Indigenous Tribes of the United States]]
[[Category:Maine Cultural Groups]]

Latest revision as of 14:17, 18 April 2024

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Learn about the Indians of Maine, the tribes and bands, reservation and records

To learn how to get started with Native American research, find research facilities, and native American websites click here.

Tribes and Bands of Maine

The following list of American Indians who have lived in Maine has been compiled from Hodge's Handbook of American Indians...[1] and from Swanton's The Indian Tribes of North America[2]. Some may simply be variant spellings for the same tribe.

  • The Wabanakis of Maine and the Maritimes: A Resource book about Penobscot, Passamaquoddy, Maliseet, Micmac and Abenaki Indians. By American Friends Service Committee. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: c 1989 FS Catalog book 970.3 Ab71w WorldCat

Minor or Historical Tribes or Tribes with Minimal Connection to Maine

Anasaguntacooks, Etechemin, Norridgewock

Agencies of the Bureau of Indian Affairs

Records

The majority of records of individuals were those created by the agencies. Some records may be available to tribal members through the tribal headquarters. They were (and are) the local office of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, and were charged with maintaining records of the activities of those under their responsibility. Among these records are:

Census

Census of the Penobscot Tribe of Indians: as compiled by the tribal committee on February 11,1971, at Indian Island, Maine. by Penobscot Nation. Tribal Committee. FS Librarybook 970.3P386p WorldCat

Church

The Catholic Indian Missions in Maine, 1611-1820. by Mary Celeste Leger. FS Catalog book 970.1 L524c WorldCat

FamilySearch Library

  • Penobscot Nation Tribal Committee, Census of the Penobscot tribe of Indians: as compiled by the tribal committee on February 11, 1971, at Indian Island, Maine (Indian Island, Maine:[s.n.], 1971) FS Catalog book 970.3 P386p
  • American Friends Service Committee, The Wabanakis of Maine and the Maritimes: a resource book about Penobscot, Passamaquoddy, Maliseet, Micmac and Abenaki Indians (Philadelphi, Pennsylvania: American Friends Service Committe, c1989). FS Catalog book 970.3 Ab71w
  • Leger, Sister Mary Celeste, The Catholic Indian missions in Maine, 1611-1820: a dissertation submitted to the faculty of Philosophy of the Catholic University of America in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Washington (DC): Catholic University of America, 1929) FS Catalog book 970.1 L524c

See also the FamilySearch Catalog Maine Native Races

History

1525-1775 The Abnaki carried on an extensive fur trade. The city of Pemaquid was a trade center for New England.

The Abnaki were constantly at war with the English. At the end of French power, most of the Abnaki withdrew to Quebec Canada.

Other Repositories

Reservations

From the mid-1800s, the official policy of the United States government toward the Native American was to confine each tribe to a specific parcel of land called a reservation. Agencies were established on or near each reservation. A government representative, usually called an agent (or superintendent) was assigned to each agency. Their duties included maintaining the peace, making payments to the Native Americans based on the stipulations of the treaties with each tribe, and providing a means of communication between the native population and the federal government.

Sometimes, a single agency had jurisdiction over more than one reservation. And sometimes, if the tribal population and land area required it, an agency may have included sub-agencies.

The boundaries of reservations, over time, have changed. Usually, that means the reservations have been reduced in size. Sometimes, especially during the later policy of "termination," the official status of reservations was ended altogether.

For a current reservation map, see Map of Indian Lands in the United States, U.S. Department of the Interior.

The following list of reservations has been compiled from the National Atlas of the United States of America[3], the Omni Gazetteer of the United States of America[4], and other sources. Those reservations named in bold are current federally-recognized reservations, with their associated agency and tribe(s). Others have historically been associated with the state or are not currently recognized by the federal government.

  • Aroostook Band of Micmac Indians
  • Houlton Band of Malecite (Maliseet): State, Tribe: Malecite
  • Indian Township Reservation: State, Tribe: Passamaqoddy
  • Passamaquoddy Reservation: State, Tribe:Passamaquody
  • Penobscot Reservation: State, Tribe: Penobscot Located in Penobscot County. Tribal enrollment 1969: 840; Land Tribally owned see also: Penobscot Island Reservation
  • Pleasant Point Reservation:State, Tribe Passamaquody

See Also

References

  1. ↑ Hodge, Frederick Webb. Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico. Washington D.C.:Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #30 1907. Available online.
  2. ↑ Swanton John R. The Indian Tribes of North America. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #145 Available online.
  3. ↑ National Atlas of the United States, 1970, Federal Lands and Indian Reservations.
  4. ↑ Isaacs. Katherine M., editor. Omni Gazetteer of the United States of America. U.S. Data Sourcebook, Volume 11 Appendices, Bureau of Indian Affairs List of American Indian Reservations, Appendix E, Indian Reservations. Omnigraphics, Inc., 1991.

Bibliography

  • "Accompanying Pamphlet for Microcopy 1011", National Archives Microfilm Publications, Appendix.
  • American Indians: A Select Catalog of National Archives Microfilm Publications. Washington DC: National Archives Trust Fund Board, National Archives and Records Administration, 1998.
  • Gilbert, William Harlen, Jr. Surviving Indian Groups in the Eastern United States. Pp. 407-438 of the Smithsonian Report for 1948. Available online.
  • Hill, Edward E. (comp.). Guide to Records in the National Archives of the United States Relating to American Indians. Washington DC: National Archives and Records Service, General Services Administration, 1981.
  • Hill, Edward E. The Office of Indian Affairs, 1824-1880: Historical Sketches. New York, New York: Clearwater Publishing Company, Inc., 1974.
  • Historical Sketches for Jurisdictional and Subject Headings Used for the Letters Received by the Office of Indian Affairs, 1824-1880. National Archives Microcopy T1105.
  • Hodge, Frederick Webb. Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico. Washington D.C.:Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #30 1907. Available online.
  • Isaacs. Katherine M., editor. Omni Gazetteer of the United States of America. U.S. Data Sourcebook, Volume 11 Appendices, Bureau of Indian Affairs List of American Indian Reservations, Appendix E, Indian Reservations. Omnigraphics, Inc., 1991.
  • National Atlas of the United States, 1970, Federal Lands and Indian Reservations.
  • Preliminary Inventory No. 163: Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs. Washington DC: National Archives and Records Services. Available online
  • Swanton John R. The Indian Tribes of North America. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #145 Available online.
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