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The word Minnesota comes from a Dakota Indian word meaning "sky-tinted water"
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| link3=[[Minnesota, United States Genealogy|Minnesota]]
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To learn how to get started with American Indian research, find research facilities, and American Indian websites [[American Indian Genealogy|click here]].<br>
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Two major Native American tribes—the Dakota (or Sioux) and the Ojibwa (Anishinabe or Chippewa)—lived in the area that is now Minnesota. Small groups from other tribes now also reside in the state, including the Winnebago, who once had reservation land there. By the late 1860s treaties had pushed the Indians off lands they had occupied and moved them onto reservations.
=== Online Resources ===


Many American Indians still live on reservations in Minnesota. Seven Ojibwa reservations are located in the northern part of the state, and four Dakota communities occupy lands in the southern part. Other American Indians reside in urban areas. More than 9,000 people of Ojibwa ancestry live in Minneapolis, and about 3,000 Ojibwa, Dakota, and Winnebago are in St. Paul. There are smaller groups of American Indian people in Duluth and Bemidji.  
*[http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=4184 Minnesota Native Americans, 1823] ($), index
*[http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=4232 Minnesota Native Americans, 1851] ($), index
*[http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=2339 Minnesota, Indian Allotment Records, 1888-1919] ($), free index<br><br>
*[http://www.ironrangeresearchcenter.org/search/ Iron Range Research Center], index


== Tribes and Bands of Minnesota  ==
=== Introduction ===
The word Minnesota comes from a Dakota word meaning "sky-tinted water"


The following list of American Indians who have lived in Minnesota has been compiled from Hodge's ''Handbook of American Indians...''<ref>Hodge, Frederick Webb. ''Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico''. Washington D.C.:Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #30 1907. [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/handbook_american_indians.htm Available online].</ref> and from Swanton's ''The Indian Tribes of North America''<ref>Swanton John R. ''The Indian Tribes of North America''. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #145 [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/minnesota/index.htm Available online].</ref>. Some may simply be variant spellings for the same tribe.  
Two major Native American tribes—the Dakota (or [[Sioux Indians|Sioux]]) and the [[Ojibwa Indians|Ojibwa]] (Anishinabe or Chippewa)—lived in the area that is now Minnesota. Small groups from other tribes now also reside in the state, including the [[Winnebago Indians|Winnebago]], who once had reservation land there. By the late 1860s treaties had pushed the Native Americans off lands they had occupied and moved them onto reservations.  


*[[Arapaho Indians|Arapaho]]  
Many Native Americans still live on reservations in Minnesota. Seven Ojibwa reservations are located in the northern part of the state, and four Dakota communities occupy lands in the southern part. Other Native Americans reside in urban areas. More than 9,000 people of Ojibwa ancestry live in Minneapolis, and about 3,000 Ojibwa, Dakota, and Winnebago are in St. Paul. There are smaller groups of indigenous people in Duluth and Bemidji.
*[[Cheyenne Indians|Cheyenne]]  
 
*[[Chippewa Indians|Chippewa]] or Ojibwa  
=== Tribes and Bands of Minnesota  ===
*Dakota  
 
*Fox  
The following list of Native Americans who have lived in Minnesota has been compiled from Hodge's ''Handbook of American Indians...''<ref>Hodge, Frederick Webb. Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico I . Washington D.C.:Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #30 1907. [https://archive.org/details/handbookamindians02hodgrich Available online] [https://archive.org/details/handbookamindians02hodgrich Available online].</ref> and from Swanton's ''The Indian Tribes of North America''<ref>Swanton John R. I;''The Indian Tribes of North America.'' Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #145 [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/minnesota/index.htm Available online] [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/minnesota/index.htm Available online].</ref>. Some may simply be variant spellings for the same tribe.
*[[Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska|Iowa]]  
 
*[[Arapaho Indians|Arapaho Indians]]  
*[[Cheyenne Indians|Cheyenne Indians]]  
*[[Chippewa Indians|Chippewa Indians]]Chippewa or Ojibwa  
*[[Sioux Indians|Dakota]]
*[[Sac and Fox Tribe|Fox]]
*[[Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska|Iowa Tribe]] of Kansas and Nebraska
*Missouri  
*Missouri  
*[[Omaha Indians|Omaha]]  
*[[Omaha Indians|Omaha Indians]]  
*[[Oto Indians|Oto]]  
*[[Oto Indians|Oto Indians]]  
*[[Ottawa Indians|Ottawa]]  
*[[Ottawa Indians|Ottawa Indians]]  
*[[Ponca Tribe|Ponca]]  
*[[Ponca Tribe|Ponca Tribe]]  
*Sauk  
*[[Sac and Fox Tribe|Sauk]]
*[[Winnebago Indians|Winnebago]]  
*[[Winnebago Indians|Winnebago Indians]]  
*[[Wyandot Indians|Wyandot]]
*[[Wyandot Indians|Wyandot Indians]]


<br>'''Chippewa Bands:'''  
'''Chippewa Bands:'''  


*[[Bois Forte Band of Chippewa Indians|Bois Fort]]  
*[[Bois Forte Band of Chippewa Indians|Bois Forte Band]] of Chippewa Indians
*[[Cass Lake Band of Chippewa Indians|Cass Lake]]  
*[[Cass Lake Band of Chippewa Indians|Cass Lake Band of]] Chippewa Indians
*[[Fond du Lac Band of Chippewa Indians, Minnesota|Fond Du Lac]]  
*[[Fond du Lac Band of Chippewa Indians, Minnesota|Fond du Lac Band]] of Chippewa Indians, Minnesota
*[[Grand Portage Band of Chippewa Indians, Minnesota|Grand Portage]]  
*[[Grand Portage Band of Chippewa Indians, Minnesota|Grand Portage Band]] of Chippewa Indians, Minnesota
*[[Lake Winnibigoshish Band of Chippewa Indians|Lake Winnibigoshish]]  
*[[Lake Winnibigoshish Band of Chippewa Indians|Lake Winnibigoshish Band]] of Chippewa Indians
*[[Mille Lac Band of Chippewa Indians, Minnesota|Mille Lac]]  
*[[Mille Lac Band of Chippewa Indians, Minnesota|Mille Lac Band]] of Chippewa Indians, Minnesota
*[[Pembina Band of Chippewa Indians|Pembina]]  
*[[Pembina Band of Chippewa Indians|Pembina Band of]] Chippewa Indians
*[[Pillager Band of Chippewa Indians|Pillager]]  
*[[Pillager Band of Chippewa Indians|Pillager Band]] of Chippewa Indians
*Rainy Lake  
*Rainy Lake  
*Snake River  
*Snake River  
*[[White Oak Point Band of Chippewa Indians|White Oak Point]]&nbsp;
*[[White Oak Point Band of Chippewa Indians|White Oak Point Band]] of Chippewa Indians


== Reservations ==
=== Agencies of the Bureau of Indian Affairs ===


From the mid-1800s, the official policy of the United States government toward the American Indian was to confine each tribe to a specific parcel of land called a reservation. Agencies were established on or near each reservation. A government representative, usually called an agent (or superintendent) was assigned to each agency. Their duties included maintaining the peace, making payments to the Native Americans based on the stipulations of the treaties with each tribe, and providing a means of communication between the native population and the federal government.  
Agencies and sub agencies were created as administrative offices of the [[Bureau of Indian Affairs|Bureau of Indian Affairs]] and its predecessors. Their purpose was (and is) to manage Indian affairs with the tribes, to enforce policies, and to assist in maintaining the peace. The names and location of these agencies may have changed, but their purpose remained basically the same.'''Many of the records of genealogical value were created by these offices.'''


Sometimes, a single agency had jurisdiction over more than one reservation. And sometimes, if the tribal population and land area required it, an agency may have included sub-agencies.  
The following list of agencies that have operated or now exist in Minnesota has been compiled from Hill's ''Office of Indian Affairs...''<ref>Hill, Edward E. The Office of Indian Affairs, 1824-1880: Historical Sketches Clearwater Publishing Co., Inc. 1974. (FamilySearch Library IMG class=FCK__MWTemplate src="https://www.familysearch.org/wiki/en/extensions/FCKeditor/fckeditor/editor/images/spacer.gif" width=1 height=1  </ref>, Hill's ''Guide to Records in the National Archives Relating to American Indians''<ref>Hill, Edward E. (comp.). Guide to Records in the National Archives of the United States Relating to American Indians. Washington DC: National Archives and Records Service, General Services Administration, 1981. (FS Library IMG class=FCK__MWTemplate src="https://www.familysearch.org/wiki/en/extensions/FCKeditor/fckeditor/editor/images/spacer.gif")</ref>, and others.  


The boundaries of reservations, over time, have changed. Usually, that means the reservations have been reduced in size. Sometimes, especially during the later policy of "termination," the official status of reservations was ended altogether.
*[[Birch Cooley Indian Agency (Minnesota)|Birch Cooley Indian Agency]] (Minnesota)<br>
*[[Consolidated Chippewa Indian Agency (Minnesota)|Consolidated Chippewa Indian Agency]] (Minnesota)<br>
*[[Crow Wing Indian Subagency (Minnesota)|Crow Wing Indian Subagency]] (Minnesota)<br>
*[[Fond du Lac Indian Agency (Minnesota)|Fond du Lac Indian Agency]] (Minnesota)<br>
*[[Grand Portage Indian Agency (Minnesota)|Grand Portage Indian Agency]] (Minnesota)<br>
*[[Great Lakes Indian Agency (Wisconsin)|Great Lakes Indian Agency]] (Wisconsin)<br>
*[[La Pointe Indian Agency (Wisconsin)|La Pointe Indian Agency ]](Wisconsin)<br>
*[[Leech Lake Indian Agency (Minnesota)|Leech Lake Indian Agency ]](Minnesota)<br>
*[[St. Peters Indian Agency (Minnesota)|St. Peters Indian Agency ]](Minnesota)-- part of St. Peters Agency
*[[Milk River Indian Agency (Minnesota)|Milk River Indian Agency ]](Minnesota)<br>
*[[Minnesota Indian Agency (Minnesota)|Minnesota Indian Agency ]](Minnesota) Route 3, P.O. Box 112,Cass Lake, MN 56633
*[[Nett Lake Indian Agency (Minnesota)|Nett Lake Indian Agency ]](Minnesota)
*[[Pipestone Indian Agency (Minnesota)|Pipestone Indian Agency ]](Minnesota)
*[[Red Lake Indian Agency (Minnesota)|Red Lake Indian Agency ]](Minnesota)
*[[Sandy Lake Indian Subagency (Minnesota)|Sandy Lake Indian Subagency ]](Minnesota)<br>
*[[St. Peters Indian Agency (Minnesota)|St. Peters Indian Agency ]](Minnesota)1824-1879 <br>
*[[Vermillion Lake Indian Agency (Minnesota)|Vermillion Lake Indian Agency ]](Minnesota)<br>
*[[White Earth Indian Agency (Minnesota)|White Earth Indian Agency ]](Minnesota)<br>
*[[Winnebago Indian Agency (Minnesota)|Winnebago Indian Agency ]](Minnesota)
*[[Minnesota Superintendency of Indian Affairs|Minnesota Superintendency ]]1849-1856<br>


The following list of reservations has been compiled from the ''National Atlas of the United States of America''<ref>National Atlas of the United States of America -- Federal Lands and Indian Reservations [http://www.nationalatlas.gov/printable/images/pdf/fedlands/mn.pdf Available online.]</ref>, the ''Omni Gazetteer of the United States of America''<ref>Isaacs. Katherine M., editor. ''Omni Gazetteer of the United States of America''. U.S. Data Sourcebook, Volume 11 Appendices, Bureau of Indian Affairs List of American Indian Reservations, Appendix E, Indian Reservations. Omnigraphics, Inc., 1991.</ref>, and other sources. Those reservations named in '''bold''' are current federally-recognized reservations, with their associated agency and tribe(s). Others have historically been associated with the state or are not currently recognized by the federal government.<br>
=== Records  ===


*'''[[Bois Fort Indian Reservation (Minnesota)|Bois Forte]]:''' 1866 (Chippewa)
The '''majority of records of individuals were those created by the agencies'''. Some records may be available to tribal members through the tribal headquarters.They were (and are) the local office of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, and were charged with maintaining records of the activities of those under their responsibility. Among these records are:<br>
*Chippewa Reservation: 1867
*Dakota or Sioux Reservation: 1851-58&nbsp; / 1851-62
*[[Deer Creek Indian Reservation (Minnesota)|'''Deer Creek Reservation''']]:
*'''[[Fond du Lac Indian Reservation (Minnesota)|Fond du Lac Reservation]]: '''Federal, under jurisdiction of Minnesota Agency, Tribe: Mississippi Band of Chippewa
*'''[[Grand Portage Indian Reservation (Minnesota)|Grand Portage Reservation]]: '''Federal, under jurisdiction of Minnesota Agency, Tribe: Chippewa
*[[Leech Lake Indian Reservation (Minnesota)|'''Leech Lake Reservation''']] 1855 Federal, under jurisdiction of Minnesota Agency, Tribe: Chippewa
*'''Lower Sioux Reservation: '''Federal, under jurisdiction of Minnesota Agency, Tribe: Eastern or Mississippi Sioux
*[[Mdewakanton Indian Reservation (Minnesota)|Mdewakanton Reservation]]: 1884
*[[Menominee Indian Reservation (Wisconsin)|Menominee Reservation]]: 1845-1845
*'''[[Mille Lac Indian Reservation (Minnesota)|Mille Lacs Reservation]]: '''1855-1889 Federal, under jurisdiction of Minnesota Agency, Tribe: Chippewa
*'''Nett Lake Reservation: '''Federal, under jurisdiction of Minnesota Agency, Tribe: Chippewa
*'''Lower Sioux''' Community: (Sioux)
*Ojibwa or Chippewa Reservation: 1855-1864
*Pipestone Reservation:
*'''Prairie Island Reservation: '''Federal, under jurisdiction of Minnesota Sioux, Tribe: Eastern or Mississippi Sioux
*'''Prior Lake Reservation: '''Federal, under jurisdiction..........Tribe: Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux
*'''[[Red Lake Indian Reservation (Minnesota)|Red Lake Reservation]]: '''1863-1889 Federal, under jurisdiction of Red Lake Agency, Tribe: Chippewa
*'''Shakopee Mdewakanton: '''State, under jurisdiction of Minnesota Agency, Tribe: Shakopee Sioux
*Sioux Reservation: 1851-1858
*'''[[Vermilion Lake Indian Reservation (Minnesota)|Vermillion Lake Reservation]]:''' 1881
*'''Upper Sioux Reservation: '''Federal, under jurisdiction of Minnesota Sioux, Tribe: Eastern or Mississippi Sioux
*Wabasha Reservation:
*'''[[White Earth Indian Reservation (Minnesota)|White Earth Reservation]]: '''.........., under jurisdiction of Minnesota Agency, Tribe: Chippewa
*[[White Oak Point Indian Reservation (Minnesota)|White Oak Point Reservation]]:  
*Winnebago Reservation: 1846-1855 (Houston County)


== Agencies of the Bureau of Indian Affairs  ==
*[[American Indian Allotment Records|Allotment records]]
*[[American Indian Annuity Rolls|Annuity rolls]]
*[[American Indian Census Rolls|Census records]]
*[[American Indian Correspondence and Reports|Correspondence]]
*[[American Indian Health Records|Health records]]
*[[American Indian Correspondence and Reports|Reports]]
*[[American Indian School Records|School census and records]]
*[[American Indian Vital Records Supplements in Census Rolls|Vital records]]


[[Agencies of the Bureau of Indian Affairs|Agencies]] and subagencies were created as administrative offices of the [[Bureau of Indian Affairs|Bureau of Indian Affairs]] and its predecessors. Their purpose was (and is) to manage Indian affairs with the tribes, to enforce policies, and to assist in maintaining the peace. The names and location of these agencies may have changed, but their purpose remained basically the same. Many of the records of genealogical value were created by these offices.
===Allotment Records===


The following list of agencies that have operated or now exist in Minnesota has been compiled from Hill's ''Office of Indian Affairs...''<ref>Hill, Edward E. ''The Office of Indian Affairs, 1824-1880: Historical Sketches'', Clearwater Publishing Co., Inc. 1974. (Family History Library {{FHL|247426|title-id|disp=book 970.1 H551o}}.)</ref>, Hill's ''Guide to Records in the National Archives Relating to American Indians''<ref>Hill, Edward E. (comp.). ''Guide to Records in the National Archives of the United States Relating to American Indians''. Washington DC: National Archives and Records Service, General Services Administration, 1981. (FHL {{FHL|207428|title-id|disp=book 970.1 H551g}}.)</ref>, and others.
Allotted Tribes of Minnesota


*[[Birch Cooley Indian Agency (Minnesota)|Birch Cooley Agency]]
•Bois Fort, Cass Lake, Deer Creek Reservation, Fond du Lac, Grand Portage, Lake Winbigoshish, Leech Lake, Mdewakanton, Mille Lacs Reservation, White Earth, White Oak Point and Chippewa Reservation, Winnebago
*[[Consolidated Chippewa Indian Agency (Minnesota)|Consolidated Chippewa Agency]]
•Fort Totten (Sioux), Nett Lake (Chippewa)
*[[Crow Wing Indian Subagency (Minnesota)|Crow Wing Subagency]]
*[[Fond du Lac Indian Agency (Minnesota)|Fond du Lac Agency]]
*[[Grand Portage Indian Agency (Minnesota)|Grand Portage Agency]]
*[[Great Lakes Indian Agency (Wisconsin)|Great Lakes Agency]]
*[[La Pointe Indian Agency (Wisconsin)|La Pointe Agency]]
*[[Leech Lake Indian Agency (Minnesota)|Leech Lake Agency]]
*[[St. Peters Indian Agency (Minnesota)|Lower Sioux Agency]] -- part of St. Peters Agency
*[[Milk River Indian Agency (Minnesota)|Milk River Agency]]
*[[Minnesota Indian Agency (Minnesota)|Minnesota Agency]], Route 3, P.O. Box 112, Cass Lake, MN 56633
*[[Nett Lake Indian Agency (Minnesota)|Nett Lake Agency]]
*[[Pipestone Indian Agency (Minnesota)|Pipestone Agency]]
*[[Red Lake Indian Agency (Minnesota)|Red Lake Agency]], Red Lake, MN 56671
*[[Sandy Lake Indian Subagency (Minnesota)|Sandy Lake Subagency]]
*[[St. Peters Indian Agency (Minnesota)|St. Peters Agency]] 1824-1879
*[[St. Peters Indian Agency (Minnesota)|Upper Sioux Agency]] -- part of St. Peters Agency<br>
*[[Vermillion Lake Indian Agency (Minnesota)|Vermillion Lake Agency]]
*[[White Earth Indian Agency (Minnesota)|White Earth Agency]]
*[[Winnebago Indian Agency (Minnesota)|Winnebago Agency]]


Minnesota Superintendency 1849-1856


== Indian Schools  ==
=== Indian Schools  ===


The Office of Indian Affairs (now the [[Bureau of Indian Affairs|Bureau of Indian Affairs]]) established a network of schools throughout the United States, beginning with Carlisle Indian School, established in 1879. Some of these schools were day schools, usually focusing on Indian children of a single tribe or reservation. Some were boarding schools which served Indian children from a number of tribes and reservations.  
The Office of Indian Affairs now the Bureau of Indian Affairs established a network of schools throughout the United States, beginning with Carlisle Indian School, established in 1879. Some of these schools were day schools, usually focusing on children of a single tribe or reservation. Some were boarding schools that served children from a number of tribes and reservations.  


In addition, other groups such as various church denominations established schools specifically focusing on American Indian children. ([[American Indian School Records|read more...]])  
In addition, other groups such as various church denominations established schools specifically focusing on American Indian children. ([[American Indian School Records|read more...]])  


The following list of Indian Schools in Minnesota has been compiled from Hill's Office of Indian Affairs...<ref>Hill, Edward E. ''The Office of Indian Affairs, 1824-1880: Historical Sketches'', Clearwater Publishing Co., Inc. 1974. (Family History Library {{FHL|247426|title-id|disp=book 970.1 H551o}}.)</ref>, Hill's Guide to Records in the National Archives Relating to American Indians<ref>Hill, Edward E. (comp.). ''Guide to Records in the National Archives of the United States Relating to American Indians''. Washington DC: National Archives and Records Service, General Services Administration, 1981. (FHL {{FHL|207428|title-id|disp=book 970.1 H551g}}.)</ref>, and others.  
The following list of Indian Schools in Minnesota has been compiled from Hill's Office of Indian Affairs...<ref>Hill, Edward E. The Office of Indian Affairs, 1824-1880: Historical Sketches Clearwater Publishing Co., Inc. 1974. </ref>, Hill's Guide to Records in the National Archives Relating to American Indians <ref>Hill, Edward E. (comp.). ''Guide to Records in the National Archives of the United States Relating to American Indians.'' Washington DC: National Archives and Records Service, General Services Administration, 1981. </ref>, and others.  


*Bena School  
*[[Bena Indian School (Michigan)|Bena School]]
*Bishop Whipple Indian School - Norton, MN  
*Bishop Whipple Indian School - Norton, MN  
*Birch Coulee Day School  
*Birch Coulee Day School  
*[[Cass Lake Indian School (Minnesota)|Cass Lake School]]  
*[[Cass Lake Indian School (Minnesota)|Cass Lake Indian School ]](Minnesota)
*[[Grand Portage Indian School (Minnesota)|Grand Portage School]]  
*[[Grand Portage Indian School (Minnesota)|Grand Portage Indian School ]](Minnesota)<br>
*[[Leech Lake Indian Boarding School (Minnesota)|Leech Lake Boarding School]]  
*[[Leech Lake Indian Boarding School (Minnesota)|Leech Lake Indian Boarding School ]](Minnesota)<br>
*Minnesota Agency School census 1912-1917, 1946-1947 and permanent school census cards Family History Library 1st {{FHL|223429|title-id|disp=film 1266710}}
*[[Minnesota Indian Agency (Minnesota)|Minnesota Agency]] School census 1912-1917, 1946-1947 and permanent school census cards FamilySearch Library  
*Morris Industrial School  
*Morris Industrial School  
*[[Nett Lake Indian School (Minnesota)|Nett Lake School]]  
*[[Nett Lake Indian School (Minnesota)|Nett Lake Indian School]] (Minnesota)
*[[Pipestone Indian Boarding School|Pipestone Indian Boarding School]]  
*[[Pipestone Indian Boarding School|Pipestone Indian Boarding School]]  
*Pleasant Nook-Granite Falls,MN  
*Pleasant Nook-Granite Falls,MN  
*Prairie Island - Egglston, MN  
*Prairie Island - Egglston, MN  
*Red Lake Agency school census 1922-1927 Family History Library {{FHL|265810|title-id|disp=film 1204883 item 2}}
*Red Lake Agency school - census 1922-1927 <br>
*[[Squaw Point Day School (Minnesota)|Squaw Point Day School]]  
*[[Squaw Point Day School (Minnesota)|Squaw Point Day School]] (Minnesota)
*Vermillion Lake School
*[[Vermillion Lake Indian School (Minnesota)|Vermillion Lake School]]
American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (ABCFM) Mission Stations 1830-1840: Lac qui Aprle, Traverse des Sioux, Shakopee's Village, Oak Grove, Mendota, Little Crow's Village, and red Wing's Village in Minnesota.


== Other Repositories  ==
=== Other Repositories  ===


*Minnesota Historical Society, 690 Cedar Street, St. Paul, Minnesota 55101
*Minnesota Historical Society, 690 Cedar Street, St. Paul, Minnesota 55101


== Family History Library  ==
=== FamilySearch Library  ===
 
The FamilySearch Library has many Native American records from the National Archives - Central Plains Region (Kansas City, Missouri). For the Ojibwa, for instance, microfilms of census, vital, land, and family records are available from 1876 to 1955. Additional sources are at the Minnesota Historical Society Library, including:
 
*''Records of the Minnesota Superintendency of Indian Affairs, 1849-1856. M842. ''There are 9 microfilms in the FamilySearch Library starting with 1618093 {{FSC|403560|item|disp=FS Library Film 1618093 to 1618101}} <br>
 
*Powell, Ransom Judd. Papers, Undated and 1843, 1896–1938. St. Paul, Minnesota: Minnesota Historical Society, 1987. No circulation to FamilySearch Centers. Papers include genealogies, censuses, correspondence, and other records collected by the lawyer for lumber companies that bought White Earth Reservation land. <br>A research study of one Ojibwa family from Minnesota’s White Earth reservation is in:


The Family History Library has many American Indian records from the National Archives - Central Plains Region (Kansas City, Missouri). For the Ojibwa, for instance, microfilms of census, vital, land, and family records are available from 1876 to 1955. Additional sources are at the Minnesota Historical Society Library, including:  
*Byers, Paula K., ed. Native American Genealogical Sourcebook. Detroit, Michigan: Gale Research, 1995. It includes chapters on historical background, research methods and sources, and libraries and archives holding genealogical information on Native Americans. The case study reported on pages 54–64 uses records mostly dating between 1885 and 1915 to trace ancestors and descendants of one Ojibwa family. Records used include Indian censuses, United States censuses, Chippewa Commission and Chippewa Agency records, and the Ransom Judd Powell papers. A bibliography of sources for further study on Minnesota Indians is provided. <br>Other books include:


*Powell, Ransom Judd. Papers, Undated and 1843, 1896–1938. St. Paul, Minnesota: Minnesota Historical Society, 1987. (Family History Library {{FHL|362837|title-id|disp=microfilms 1550598–612}}.) No circulation to Family History Centers. Papers include genealogies, censuses, correspondence, and other records collected by the lawyer for lumber companies that bought White Earth Reservation land. <br>A research study of one Ojibwa family from Minnesota’s White Earth reservation is in:
*Ebbott, Elizabeth. Indians in Minnesota. 4th ed. Minneapolis, Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press, 1985. Sponsored by the League of Women Voters of Minnesota, this book deals mainly with social strengths and economic problems of American Indians in modern-day Minnesota. Preliminary chapters give histories of major Indian groups in the state and shifting government policies toward them. Includes maps and tables showing the locations of Indian groups on and off reservations in 1980. <br> Minnesota Historical Society (St. Paul, Minnesota). Chippewa and Dakota Indians: A Subject Catalog of Books, Pamphlets, Periodical Articles, and Manuscripts in the Minnesota Historical Society. St. Paul, Minnesota: Minnesota Historical Society, 1969. A list of printed and manuscript sources on Minnesota’s two major tribes. Much new material has been added to the collections of the Minnesota Historical Society since this book was published. <br>See also the chapter on "The Dakota and Ojibwa" in They Chose Minnesota, described in the "Minorities" article. For sources on the Sioux War of 1862, see the "Military Records" article. Steps to effective research are listed in the "United States Native Races" article. {{FSC|358958|item|disp=FS Library Book 970.1 Eb17i}}


*Byers, Paula K., ed. Native American Genealogical Sourcebook. Detroit, Michigan: Gale Research, 1995. (Family History Library {{FHL|722558|title-id|disp=book 970.1 B991n<span id="fck_dom_range_temp_1221078231959_518" />}}.) It includes chapters on historical background, research methods and sources, and libraries and archives holding genealogical information on American Indians. The case study reported on pages 54–64 uses records mostly dating between 1885 and 1915 to trace ancestors and descendants of one Ojibwa family. Records used include Indian censuses, United States censuses, Chippewa Commission and Chippewa Agency records, and the Ransom Judd Powell papers. A bibliography of sources for further study on Minnesota Indians is provided. <br>Other books include:
Records of the various tribes can be found by looking under the name of the tribe in the Subject Search of the FamilySearch Catalog and under "Indians of North America – Minnesota." Many of the records are also listed in the Place Search of the catalog under:
 
[https://familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titlehitlist&columns=*%2C0%2C0&keyword=Minnesota++Native+races&prekeyword=Minnesota++Native+races MINNESOTA – NATIVE RACES]
 
*''Records of the United States attorneys and marshal for the District of Minnesota, 1889-1917'' which include land allotments for the White Earth Chippewas and genealogical charts connected with those allotments. There are 7 microfilms starting with film 1294074. {{FSC|227134|item|disp= FS Library film 1266713}} (NARA record group 118 roll 22)
 
=== Reservations  ===
 
From the mid-1800's, the official policy of the United States government toward the American Indian was to confine each tribe to a specific parcel of land called a reservation. Agencies were established on or near each reservation. A government representative, usually called an agent (or superintendent) was assigned to each agency. Their duties included maintaining the peace, making payments to the Native Americans based on the stipulations of the treaties with each tribe, and providing a means of communication between the native population and the federal government.
 
Sometimes, a single agency had jurisdiction over more than one reservation. And sometimes, if the tribal population and land area required it, an agency may have included sub-agencies.
 
The boundaries of reservations, over time, have changed. Usually, that means the reservations have been reduced in size. Sometimes, especially during the later policy of "termination," the official status of reservations was ended altogether.
 
For a current reservation map, see [https://www.doi.gov/sites/doi.gov/files/uploads/12_bia_regions.pdf Map of Indian Lands in the United States], U.S. Department of the Interior.  
 
The following list of reservations has been compiled from the ''National Atlas of the United States of America''<ref>[https://www.loc.gov/item/79654043/ National Atlas of the United States, 1970], Federal Lands and Indian Reservations.</ref>, the ''Omni Gazetteer of the United States of America'' <ref>Isaacs. Katherine M., editor. Omni Gazetteer of the United States of America. U.S. Data Sourcebook, Volume 11 Appendices, Bureau of Indian Affairs List of American Indian Reservations, Appendix E, Indian Reservations. Omnigraphics, Inc., 1991.</ref>, and other sources. Some reservations are federally-recognized reservations, with their associated agency and tribe(s). Others have historically been associated with the state or are not currently recognized by the federal government.<br>
 
*[[Bois Fort Indian Reservation (Minnesota)|Bois Fort Indian Reservation]] (Minnesota)1866 (Chippewa)
*Chippewa Reservation: 1867
*Dakota or Sioux Reservation: 1851-58 /1851-62
*[[Deer Creek Indian Reservation (Minnesota)|Deer Creek Indian Reservation ]](Minnesota)
*[[Fond du Lac Indian Reservation (Minnesota)|Fond du Lac Indian Reservation ]](Minnesota) Federal, under jurisdiction of [[Minnesota Indian Agency (Minnesota)|Minnesota Indian Agency]](Minnesota) Tribe: Mississippi Band of Chippewa
*[[Grand Portage Indian Reservation (Minnesota)|Grand Portage Indian Reservation]] (Minnesota) Federal, under jurisdiction of Minnesota Agency, Tribe: Chippewa
*[[Leech Lake Indian Reservation (Minnesota)|Leech Lake Indian Reservation]] (Minnesota) 1855 Federal, under jurisdiction of Minnesota Agency, Tribe: Chippewa
*Lower Sioux Reservation Federal, under jurisdiction of Minnesota Agency, Tribe: Eastern or Mississippi Sioux
*[[Mdewakanton Indian Reservation (Minnesota)|Mdewakanton Indian Reservation ]](Minnesota)1884
*[[Menominee Indian Reservation (Wisconsin)|Menominee Indian Reservation ]](Wisconsin) 1845-1845
*[[Mille Lac Indian Reservation (Minnesota)|Mille Lac Indian Reservation ]](Minnesota)1855-1889 Federal, under jurisdiction of Minnesota Agency, Tribe: Chippewa
*Nett Lake Reservation Federal,under jurisdiction of Minnesota Agency, Tribe: Chippewa
*Lower Sioux Community: (Sioux)
*Ojibwa or Chippewa Reservation 1855-1864
*Pipestone Reservation
*Prairie Island Reservation Federal, under jurisdiction of Minnesota Sioux, Tribe: Eastern or Mississippi Sioux
*Prior Lake Reservation Federal, under jurisdiction, Tribe: Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux
*[[Red Lake Indian Reservation (Minnesota)|Red Lake Indian Reservation ]](Minnesota) 1863-1889 Federal, under jurisdiction of [[Red Lake Indian Agency (Minnesota)|Red Lake Indian Agency]] (Minnesota) Tribe: Chippewa
*[[Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Indian Community of Minnesota|Shakopee Mdewakanton]]: State, under jurisdiction of Minnesota Agency, Tribe: Shakopee Sioux
*Sioux Reservation: 1851-1858
*Vermilion Lake Indian Reservation (Minnesota) 1881
*[[Upper Sioux Indian Community, Minnesota|Upper Sioux Reservation]]: Federal, under jurisdiction of Minnesota Sioux, Tribe: Eastern or Mississippi Sioux
*Wabasha Reservation:in [[Wabasha County, Minnesota Genealogy|Wabasha County]], Minnesota<br>  
*[[White Earth Indian Reservation (Minnesota)|White Earth Indian Reservation ]](Minnesota) under jurisdiction of Minnesota Agency, Tribe: Chippewa
*[[White Oak Point Indian Reservation (Minnesota)|White Oak Point Indian Reservation ]](Minnesota)<br>
*Winnebago Reservation 1846-1855 ([[Houston County, Minnesota Genealogy|Houston County]])


*Ebbott, Elizabeth. Indians in Minnesota. 4th ed. Minneapolis, Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press, 1985. (Family History Library {{FHL|358958|title-id|disp=book 970.1 Eb17i}}.) Sponsored by the League of Women Voters of Minnesota, this book deals mainly with social strengths and economic problems of American Indians in modern-day Minnesota. Preliminary chapters give histories of major Indian groups in the state and shifting government policies toward them. Includes maps and tables showing the locations of Indian groups on and off reservations in 1980. <br>Minnesota Historical Society (St. Paul, Minnesota). Chippewa and Dakota Indians: A Subject Catalog of Books, Pamphlets, Periodical Articles, and Manuscripts in the Minnesota Historical Society. St. Paul, Minnesota: Minnesota Historical Society, 1969. (Family History Library {{FHL|642630|title-id|disp=book 970.3 D149c}} .) A list of printed and manuscript sources on Minnesota’s two major tribes. Much new material has been added to the collections of the Minnesota Historical Society since this book was published. <br>See also the chapter on "The Dakota and Ojibwa" in They Chose Minnesota, described in the "Minorities" article. For sources on the Sioux War of 1862, see the "Military Records" article. Steps to effective research are listed in the "United States Native Races" article.
=== Archives, Libraries, and Museums  ===


Records of the various tribes can be found by looking under the name of the tribe in the Subject Search of the Family History Library Catalog and under "Indians of North America – Minnesota." Many of the records are also listed in the Place Search of the catalog under:
Glenbow Archive, Library, and Museum


MINNESOTA – NATIVE RACES
The Glenbow Archives and Library, has an excellent collection of resources for the study of Métis genealogy. Their sources cover predominantly [[First Nations of Manitoba|Manitoba]], [[First Nations of Saskatchewan|Saskatchewan]], [[First Nations of Alberta|Alberta]], and some parts of the [[First Nations of Northwest Territories|Northwest Territories]], [[First Nations of Ontario|Ontario]], and [[First Nations of British Columbia|British Columbia]].


<br>
Most of our sources pertain to people who were living in the Prairie Provinces in 1900 or earlier.


*''Records of the United States attorneys and marshal for the District of Minnesota, 1889-1917'' which include land allotments for the White Earth Chippewas and genealogical charts connected with those allotments. There are 7 microfilms starting with film 1294074. (NARA record group 118 roll 22)
One unique collection is the Gail Morin database. The collection consists of a database of 65,434 records of persons who were Metis ancestors. For each individual, dates and places of birth, baptism, marriage, death, and burial, and notes on sources are given if known. Using Ancestral Quest software, the data can be linked to show genealogical relationships in the form of pedigree charts and descendancy charts. The database is available only with the assistance of the Archives staff in the reading room of the Glenbow Archives. The database is fully searchable online.
*''Records of the Minnesota Superintendency of Indian Affairs, 1849-1856''&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; There are 9 microfilms in the Family History Library starting with {{FHL|403560|title-id|disp=1618093}}.


== '''See Also'''  ==
Contact: Glenbow Archives<br> 130 - 9 Avenue<br> SE Calgary, Alberta T2G 0P3<br> Reference Desk telephone: 403-268-4204 <br> Email: [http://www.glenbow.org/collections/archives/genealogy/ archives@glenbow.org]


[[Minnesota History|Minnesota - History]] for a calendar that includes dates of importance to the Indians of Minnesota
=== See Also  ===


[[Minnesota Military Records|Minnesota - Military]] for a list of forts  
[[Minnesota History|Minnesota - History]] for a calendar that includes dates of importance to the Indians of Minnesota [[Minnesota Military Records|MinnesotaMilitary Records]] for a list of forts  


== References  ==
=== References  ===


<references />
<references />  


==== Bibliography  ====
=== Bibliography  ===


*Trail of Tears Minnesota's Dakota Indian Exile Begins. Mary H. Bakeman and Antona M. Richardson. Paririe Echoes Park Genealogical Books, Roseville,MN C 2008. FS Library book 977.6 H2bm
*"Accompanying Pamphlet for Microcopy 1011", National Archives Microfilm Publications, Appendix.  
*"Accompanying Pamphlet for Microcopy 1011", National Archives Microfilm Publications, Appendix.  
*''American Indians: A Select Catalog of National Archives Microfilm Publications''. Washington DC: National Archives Trust Fund Board, National Archives and Records Administration, 1998.  
*''American Indians: A Select Catalog of National Archives Microfilm Publications''. Washington DC: National Archives Trust Fund Board, National Archives and Records Administration, 1998.  
Line 170: Line 222:
*Hill, Edward E. ''The Office of Indian Affairs, 1824-1880: Historical Sketches''. New York, New York: Clearwater Publishing Company, Inc., 1974.  
*Hill, Edward E. ''The Office of Indian Affairs, 1824-1880: Historical Sketches''. New York, New York: Clearwater Publishing Company, Inc., 1974.  
*''Historical Sketches for Jurisdictional and Subject Headings Used for the Letters Received by the Office of Indian Affairs, 1824-1880''. National Archives Microcopy T1105.  
*''Historical Sketches for Jurisdictional and Subject Headings Used for the Letters Received by the Office of Indian Affairs, 1824-1880''. National Archives Microcopy T1105.  
*Hodge, Frederick Webb. ''Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico''. Washington D.C.:Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #30 1907. [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/handbook_american_indians.htm Available online].  
*Hodge, Frederick Webb. ''Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico''. Washington D.C.:Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #30 1907. [https://archive.org/details/handbookamindians02hodgrich Available online].  
*Isaacs. Katherine M., editor. ''Omni Gazetteer of the United States of America''. U.S. Data Sourcebook, Volume 11 Appendices, Bureau of Indian Affairs List of American Indian Reservations, Appendix E, Indian Reservations. Omnigraphics, Inc., 1991.  
*Isaacs. Katherine M., editor. ''Omni Gazetteer of the United States of America''. U.S. Data Sourcebook, Volume 11 Appendices, Bureau of Indian Affairs List of American Indian Reservations, Appendix E, Indian Reservations. Omnigraphics, Inc., 1991.  
*National Atlas of the United States of America -- Federal Lands and Indian Reservations [http://www.nationalatlas.gov/printable/images/pdf/fedlands/MN.pdf Available online.]
*[https://www.loc.gov/item/79654043/ National Atlas of the United States, 1970], Federal Lands and Indian Reservations.  
*''Preliminary Inventory No. 163: Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs''. Washington DC: National Archives and Records Services. [http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~texlance/records/bia(dc)intro.htm Available online]  
*''Preliminary Inventory No. 163: Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs''. Washington DC: National Archives and Records Services. [http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~texlance/records/bia(dc)intro.htm Available online].
*Swanton John R. ''The Indian Tribes of North America''. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #145 [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/minnesota/index.htm Available online].
*Swanton John R. ''The Indian Tribes of North America''. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #145 [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/minnesota/index.htm Available online].


[[Category:Minnesota]] [[Category:Indians_of_the_United_States]]
[[Category:Indigenous Tribes of Minnesota]] [[Category:Indigenous Tribes of the United States]]
[[Category:Minnesota Cultural Groups]]

Latest revision as of 14:55, 11 December 2023

Minnesota Wiki Topics
Minnesota flag.png
Beginning Research
Record Types
Minnesota Background
Cultural Groups
Local Research Resources
Chippewa-One-Called-From-A-Distance(Midwewinind)-White Earth Reservation, MN-1894-NO.-014a

Online Resources

Introduction

The word Minnesota comes from a Dakota word meaning "sky-tinted water"

Two major Native American tribes—the Dakota (or Sioux) and the Ojibwa (Anishinabe or Chippewa)—lived in the area that is now Minnesota. Small groups from other tribes now also reside in the state, including the Winnebago, who once had reservation land there. By the late 1860s treaties had pushed the Native Americans off lands they had occupied and moved them onto reservations.

Many Native Americans still live on reservations in Minnesota. Seven Ojibwa reservations are located in the northern part of the state, and four Dakota communities occupy lands in the southern part. Other Native Americans reside in urban areas. More than 9,000 people of Ojibwa ancestry live in Minneapolis, and about 3,000 Ojibwa, Dakota, and Winnebago are in St. Paul. There are smaller groups of indigenous people in Duluth and Bemidji.

Tribes and Bands of Minnesota

The following list of Native Americans who have lived in Minnesota has been compiled from Hodge's Handbook of American Indians...[1] and from Swanton's The Indian Tribes of North America[2]. Some may simply be variant spellings for the same tribe.

Chippewa Bands:

Agencies of the Bureau of Indian Affairs

Agencies and sub agencies were created as administrative offices of the Bureau of Indian Affairs and its predecessors. Their purpose was (and is) to manage Indian affairs with the tribes, to enforce policies, and to assist in maintaining the peace. The names and location of these agencies may have changed, but their purpose remained basically the same.Many of the records of genealogical value were created by these offices.

The following list of agencies that have operated or now exist in Minnesota has been compiled from Hill's Office of Indian Affairs...[3], Hill's Guide to Records in the National Archives Relating to American Indians[4], and others.

Records

The majority of records of individuals were those created by the agencies. Some records may be available to tribal members through the tribal headquarters.They were (and are) the local office of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, and were charged with maintaining records of the activities of those under their responsibility. Among these records are:

Allotment Records

Allotted Tribes of Minnesota

•Bois Fort, Cass Lake, Deer Creek Reservation, Fond du Lac, Grand Portage, Lake Winbigoshish, Leech Lake, Mdewakanton, Mille Lacs Reservation, White Earth, White Oak Point and Chippewa Reservation, Winnebago •Fort Totten (Sioux), Nett Lake (Chippewa)


Indian Schools

The Office of Indian Affairs now the Bureau of Indian Affairs established a network of schools throughout the United States, beginning with Carlisle Indian School, established in 1879. Some of these schools were day schools, usually focusing on children of a single tribe or reservation. Some were boarding schools that served children from a number of tribes and reservations.

In addition, other groups such as various church denominations established schools specifically focusing on American Indian children. (read more...)

The following list of Indian Schools in Minnesota has been compiled from Hill's Office of Indian Affairs...[5], Hill's Guide to Records in the National Archives Relating to American Indians [6], and others.

American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (ABCFM) Mission Stations 1830-1840: Lac qui Aprle, Traverse des Sioux, Shakopee's Village, Oak Grove, Mendota, Little Crow's Village, and red Wing's Village in Minnesota.

Other Repositories

  • Minnesota Historical Society, 690 Cedar Street, St. Paul, Minnesota 55101

FamilySearch Library

The FamilySearch Library has many Native American records from the National Archives - Central Plains Region (Kansas City, Missouri). For the Ojibwa, for instance, microfilms of census, vital, land, and family records are available from 1876 to 1955. Additional sources are at the Minnesota Historical Society Library, including:

  • Records of the Minnesota Superintendency of Indian Affairs, 1849-1856. M842. There are 9 microfilms in the FamilySearch Library starting with 1618093 FS Library Film 1618093 to 1618101
  • Powell, Ransom Judd. Papers, Undated and 1843, 1896–1938. St. Paul, Minnesota: Minnesota Historical Society, 1987. No circulation to FamilySearch Centers. Papers include genealogies, censuses, correspondence, and other records collected by the lawyer for lumber companies that bought White Earth Reservation land.
    A research study of one Ojibwa family from Minnesota’s White Earth reservation is in:
  • Byers, Paula K., ed. Native American Genealogical Sourcebook. Detroit, Michigan: Gale Research, 1995. It includes chapters on historical background, research methods and sources, and libraries and archives holding genealogical information on Native Americans. The case study reported on pages 54–64 uses records mostly dating between 1885 and 1915 to trace ancestors and descendants of one Ojibwa family. Records used include Indian censuses, United States censuses, Chippewa Commission and Chippewa Agency records, and the Ransom Judd Powell papers. A bibliography of sources for further study on Minnesota Indians is provided.
    Other books include:
  • Ebbott, Elizabeth. Indians in Minnesota. 4th ed. Minneapolis, Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press, 1985. Sponsored by the League of Women Voters of Minnesota, this book deals mainly with social strengths and economic problems of American Indians in modern-day Minnesota. Preliminary chapters give histories of major Indian groups in the state and shifting government policies toward them. Includes maps and tables showing the locations of Indian groups on and off reservations in 1980.
    Minnesota Historical Society (St. Paul, Minnesota). Chippewa and Dakota Indians: A Subject Catalog of Books, Pamphlets, Periodical Articles, and Manuscripts in the Minnesota Historical Society. St. Paul, Minnesota: Minnesota Historical Society, 1969. A list of printed and manuscript sources on Minnesota’s two major tribes. Much new material has been added to the collections of the Minnesota Historical Society since this book was published.
    See also the chapter on "The Dakota and Ojibwa" in They Chose Minnesota, described in the "Minorities" article. For sources on the Sioux War of 1862, see the "Military Records" article. Steps to effective research are listed in the "United States Native Races" article. FS Library Book 970.1 Eb17i

Records of the various tribes can be found by looking under the name of the tribe in the Subject Search of the FamilySearch Catalog and under "Indians of North America – Minnesota." Many of the records are also listed in the Place Search of the catalog under:

MINNESOTA – NATIVE RACES

  • Records of the United States attorneys and marshal for the District of Minnesota, 1889-1917 which include land allotments for the White Earth Chippewas and genealogical charts connected with those allotments. There are 7 microfilms starting with film 1294074. FS Library film 1266713 (NARA record group 118 roll 22)

Reservations

From the mid-1800's, the official policy of the United States government toward the American Indian was to confine each tribe to a specific parcel of land called a reservation. Agencies were established on or near each reservation. A government representative, usually called an agent (or superintendent) was assigned to each agency. Their duties included maintaining the peace, making payments to the Native Americans based on the stipulations of the treaties with each tribe, and providing a means of communication between the native population and the federal government.

Sometimes, a single agency had jurisdiction over more than one reservation. And sometimes, if the tribal population and land area required it, an agency may have included sub-agencies.

The boundaries of reservations, over time, have changed. Usually, that means the reservations have been reduced in size. Sometimes, especially during the later policy of "termination," the official status of reservations was ended altogether.

For a current reservation map, see Map of Indian Lands in the United States, U.S. Department of the Interior.

The following list of reservations has been compiled from the National Atlas of the United States of America[7], the Omni Gazetteer of the United States of America [8], and other sources. Some reservations are federally-recognized reservations, with their associated agency and tribe(s). Others have historically been associated with the state or are not currently recognized by the federal government.

Archives, Libraries, and Museums

Glenbow Archive, Library, and Museum

The Glenbow Archives and Library, has an excellent collection of resources for the study of Métis genealogy. Their sources cover predominantly Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, and some parts of the Northwest Territories, Ontario, and British Columbia.

Most of our sources pertain to people who were living in the Prairie Provinces in 1900 or earlier.

One unique collection is the Gail Morin database. The collection consists of a database of 65,434 records of persons who were Metis ancestors. For each individual, dates and places of birth, baptism, marriage, death, and burial, and notes on sources are given if known. Using Ancestral Quest software, the data can be linked to show genealogical relationships in the form of pedigree charts and descendancy charts. The database is available only with the assistance of the Archives staff in the reading room of the Glenbow Archives. The database is fully searchable online.

Contact: Glenbow Archives
130 - 9 Avenue
SE Calgary, Alberta T2G 0P3
Reference Desk telephone: 403-268-4204
Email: archives@glenbow.org

See Also

Minnesota - History for a calendar that includes dates of importance to the Indians of Minnesota MinnesotaMilitary Records for a list of forts

References

  1. ↑ Hodge, Frederick Webb. Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico I . Washington D.C.:Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #30 1907. Available online Available online.
  2. ↑ Swanton John R. I;The Indian Tribes of North America. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #145 Available online Available online.
  3. ↑ Hill, Edward E. The Office of Indian Affairs, 1824-1880: Historical Sketches Clearwater Publishing Co., Inc. 1974. (FamilySearch Library IMG class=FCK__MWTemplate src="https://www.familysearch.org/wiki/en/extensions/FCKeditor/fckeditor/editor/images/spacer.gif" width=1 height=1
  4. ↑ Hill, Edward E. (comp.). Guide to Records in the National Archives of the United States Relating to American Indians. Washington DC: National Archives and Records Service, General Services Administration, 1981. (FS Library IMG class=FCK__MWTemplate src="https://www.familysearch.org/wiki/en/extensions/FCKeditor/fckeditor/editor/images/spacer.gif")
  5. ↑ Hill, Edward E. The Office of Indian Affairs, 1824-1880: Historical Sketches Clearwater Publishing Co., Inc. 1974.
  6. ↑ Hill, Edward E. (comp.). Guide to Records in the National Archives of the United States Relating to American Indians. Washington DC: National Archives and Records Service, General Services Administration, 1981.
  7. ↑ National Atlas of the United States, 1970, Federal Lands and Indian Reservations.
  8. ↑ Isaacs. Katherine M., editor. Omni Gazetteer of the United States of America. U.S. Data Sourcebook, Volume 11 Appendices, Bureau of Indian Affairs List of American Indian Reservations, Appendix E, Indian Reservations. Omnigraphics, Inc., 1991.

Bibliography

  • Trail of Tears Minnesota's Dakota Indian Exile Begins. Mary H. Bakeman and Antona M. Richardson. Paririe Echoes Park Genealogical Books, Roseville,MN C 2008. FS Library book 977.6 H2bm
  • "Accompanying Pamphlet for Microcopy 1011", National Archives Microfilm Publications, Appendix.
  • American Indians: A Select Catalog of National Archives Microfilm Publications. Washington DC: National Archives Trust Fund Board, National Archives and Records Administration, 1998.
  • Hill, Edward E. (comp.). Guide to Records in the National Archives of the United States Relating to American Indians. Washington DC: National Archives and Records Service, General Services Administration, 1981.
  • Hill, Edward E. The Office of Indian Affairs, 1824-1880: Historical Sketches. New York, New York: Clearwater Publishing Company, Inc., 1974.
  • Historical Sketches for Jurisdictional and Subject Headings Used for the Letters Received by the Office of Indian Affairs, 1824-1880. National Archives Microcopy T1105.
  • Hodge, Frederick Webb. Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico. Washington D.C.:Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #30 1907. Available online.
  • Isaacs. Katherine M., editor. Omni Gazetteer of the United States of America. U.S. Data Sourcebook, Volume 11 Appendices, Bureau of Indian Affairs List of American Indian Reservations, Appendix E, Indian Reservations. Omnigraphics, Inc., 1991.
  • National Atlas of the United States, 1970, Federal Lands and Indian Reservations.
  • Preliminary Inventory No. 163: Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs. Washington DC: National Archives and Records Services. Available online.
  • Swanton John R. The Indian Tribes of North America. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #145 Available online.
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