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| ==== Brief Timeline ==== | | ==== Brief Timeline ==== |
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| :1789 -- First contact with Europeans
| | {{Block indent|1789 -- First contact with Europeans}} |
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| :1817 -- First treaty with the U.S. government
| | {{Block indent|1817 -- First treaty with the U.S. government }} |
| :1825 -- Second treaty with the U.S. government
| | {{Block indent|1825 -- Second treaty with the U.S. government }} |
| :1858 -- Third treaty with the U.S. government<br>1865 -- Fourth treaty with the U.S. government<br>1868 -- U.S. treaty with the Sioux/Lakota that included all Ponca lands<br>1877 -- Forced Removal to Indian Territory (now Oklahoma) of 681 Ponca
| | {{Block indent|1858 -- Third treaty with the U.S. government<br>1865 -- Fourth treaty with the U.S. government<br>1868 -- U.S. treaty with the Sioux/Lakota that included all Ponca lands<br>1877 -- Forced Removal to Indian Territory (now Oklahoma) of 681 Ponca }} |
| :1878 -- Reservation established on Salt Fork River west of the Arkansas River in Indian Territory, now Oklahoma
| | {{Block indent|1878 -- Reservation established on Salt Fork River west of the Arkansas River in Indian Territory, now Oklahoma }} |
| :1878 -- Chief Standing Bear left the reservation in Indian Territory to take his son's body back to the tribe's traditional grounds for burial. His arrest resulted in a famous trial that recognized Indians as legal persons<br>1881 -- lands returned to Ponca in Nebraska; half of tribe returned
| | {{Block indent|1878 -- Chief Standing Bear left the reservation in Indian Territory to take his son's body back to the tribe's traditional grounds for burial. His arrest resulted in a famous trial that recognized Indians as legal persons<br>1881 -- lands returned to Ponca in Nebraska; half of tribe returned}} |
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| :1966 -- Ponca Tribe of Nebraska ("Northern Ponca") terminated in U.S. policy to terminate tribes (tribal membership 442, 838 acres tribal land)<br>1990 -- U.S. Congress approved Ponca Restoration Bill, created Ponca Tribe of Nebraska
| | {{Block indent|1966 -- Ponca Tribe of Nebraska ("Northern Ponca") terminated in U.S. policy to terminate tribes (tribal membership 442, 838 acres tribal land)<br>1990 -- U.S. Congress approved Ponca Restoration Bill, created Ponca Tribe of Nebraska}} |
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| ==== Additional References to the History of the Tribe<br> ==== | | ==== Additional References to the History of the Tribe<br> ==== |