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Russian Genealogical Word List: Difference between revisions

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This list contains Russian word with their English translations. The words included here are those that you are likely to find in genealogical sources. If the word (or some form of it) that you are looking for is not on this list, please consult a Russian-English dictionary. A version of the [https://www.familysearch.org/wiki/en/img_auth.php/8/86/Russian_Word_List.pdf Russian Genealogical Word List in PDF] is also available.  
This list contains Russian word with their English translations. The words included here are those that you are likely to find in genealogical sources. If the word (or some form of it) that you are looking for is not on this list, please consult a Russian-English dictionary. A version of the [https://www.familysearch.org/wiki/en/img_auth.php/8/86/Russian_Word_List.pdf Russian Genealogical Word List in PDF] is also available.


To best make use of the genealogical word list, please read [[Russia Languages]],  
To best make use of the genealogical word list, please read [[Russia Languages]],  
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===Alphabetical Order===
===Alphabetical Order===


Аа Бб Вв Гг Дд Ee Ёё Жж Зз Ии Йй Kk Лл Mм Нн Oo Пр Pp Сс Тт Уу Фф Хх Цц Чч Шш Щщ Ъъ Ыы Ьь Ээ Юю Яя  
Аа Бб Вв Гг Дд Ee Ёё Жж Зз Ии Йй Kk Лл Mм Нн Oo Пп Pp Сс Тт Уу Фф Хх Цц Чч Шш Щщ Ъъ Ыы Ьь Ээ Юю Яя  


No words begin with the hard sign (Ъъ) or the soft sign (Ьь), and very few with the letters Ёё, Йй, Щщ, or Ыы.<br>
No words begin with the hard sign (Ъъ) or the soft sign (Ьь), and very few with the letters Ёё, Йй, Щщ, or Ыы.
 
Prior to 1918, when the current Russian spelling reforms were instituted, the alphabet included letters no longer used. These were updated and changed. These letters include:
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|з
|Changed to (in certain positions)
|c
|-
|i
|Changed to
|и
|-
|ъ
|No longer used at the end of masculine words
|
|-
|ѣ
|Changed to
|e
|-
|θ
|Changed to
|ф
|-
|v
|Changed to
|и
|}


===Transliteration Aid===
===Transliteration Aid===
Line 38: Line 66:


===Other Word Lists===
===Other Word Lists===
 
*[[Media:Russian Word List.pdf|FamilySearch Library Word List]]
*[http://www.doukhobor.org/names.html#Terms Doukhobor Genealogy] (under "Russian Terms." These are all transliterated and there is no Cyrillic)
*[http://www.doukhobor.org/names.html#Terms Doukhobor Genealogy] (under "Russian Terms." These are all transliterated and there is no Cyrillic)
*[https://www.lexiconbridge.com/ Cornell Lexicon Bridge] (a resource from Cornell University)
*[https://www.lexiconbridge.com/ Cornell Lexicon Bridge] (a resource from Cornell University)
Line 49: Line 77:
*[https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0 Викисловар (Russian Wiktionary)] this website is in Russian, but provides information regarding declension. Type a Russian word in the search box in the right hand corner (искать в Викисловаре) and press enter. Even if the word entered is declined (has a grammatical case ending), Wiktionary will redirect you to the original word (nominative case). A typical entry defines the word (if you are using Google Chrome, right click to translate the page to English to learn the definition of the word), as well as meanings, synonyms and often pronunciation. On the right hand side, you will find a table with the word declined in all cases. A translation of the table is included below. Using this table will allow you to easily determine which case your word is in.
*[https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0 Викисловар (Russian Wiktionary)] this website is in Russian, but provides information regarding declension. Type a Russian word in the search box in the right hand corner (искать в Викисловаре) and press enter. Even if the word entered is declined (has a grammatical case ending), Wiktionary will redirect you to the original word (nominative case). A typical entry defines the word (if you are using Google Chrome, right click to translate the page to English to learn the definition of the word), as well as meanings, synonyms and often pronunciation. On the right hand side, you will find a table with the word declined in all cases. A translation of the table is included below. Using this table will allow you to easily determine which case your word is in.


=== Variant forms of words ===
In Russian, the endings of most words vary according to gender, number, and usage in a sentence. ''Who—Whose—whom,'' or ''marry—marries—married'' are examples of words in English with variant forms. Many sources (word lists, dictionaries, etc.) give only the basic, or nominative and masculine form. As you read Russian records, be aware that almost all words vary with usage.
==== Gender ====
Russian words for persons, places, and things (nouns) are classified as '''masculine''', '''feminine''', or '''neuter'''. For example, брат (brother) is a masculine word, дочь (daughter) is a feminine word, and свидетельство (certificate) is a neuter word.
Words that describe persons, places or things (adjectives) will have either masculine, feminine, or neuter endings depending on what noun they are describing. For example, in Russian you would write старый брат (old brother), старая сестра (old sister), and старое свидетельство (old certificate). In dictionaries and in the “Russian Genealogical Word List” generally only the '''masculine''' form is given.
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|+Translation of Declension Table from Викисловарь
!masculine
!падеж (case)
!feminine
!ед. ч. (singular)
!neuter
!мн. ч (plural)
!found in word list as
|-
|-
|старый
|Им.(nominative)
|старая
|
|старое
|
|старый (old)
|-
|-
|глухой
|Р. (genitive)
|глухая
|
| -
|
|глухой (deaf)
|-
|Д. (dative)
|
|
|-
|В. (accusative)
|
|
|-
|Тв. (instrumental)
|
|
|-
|Пр. (prepositional)
|
|
|}
|}


==== Plurals ====
=== Variant forms of words ===
Plural forms of Russian words usually end in ы, и, а, or я. They are usually only found in the singular in dictionaries or in the word list.  
In Russian, the endings of most words vary according to gender, number, and usage in a sentence. ''Who—Whose—whom,'' or ''marry—marries—married'' are examples of words in English with variant forms. Many sources (word lists, dictionaries, etc.) give only the basic, or nominative and masculine form. As you read Russian records, be aware that almost all words vary with usage.
 
==== Gender ====
Russian words for persons, places, and things (nouns) are classified as '''masculine''', '''feminine''', or '''neuter'''. For example, брат (brother) is a masculine word, дочь (daughter) is a feminine word, and свидетельство (certificate) is a neuter word.
 
Words that describe persons, places or things (adjectives) will have either masculine, feminine, or neuter endings depending on what noun they are describing. For example, in Russian you would write старый брат (old brother), старая сестра (old sister), and старое свидетельство (old certificate). In dictionaries and in the “Russian Genealogical Word List” generally only the '''masculine''' form is given.  
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|+
!singular
!masculine
!plural
!feminine
!translation
!neuter
!found in word list as
|-
|старый
|старая
|старое
|старый (old)
|-
|глухой
|глухая
| -
|глухой (deaf)
|}
 
==== Plurals ====
Plural forms of Russian words usually end in ы, и, а, or я. They are usually only found in the singular in dictionaries or in the word list.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!singular
!plural
!translation
|-
|-
|отец
|отец
Line 106: Line 165:
The endings of Russian words can also vary depending on the grammatical uses of the words. Russian grammar requires specific endings (called “cases”) on nouns used in the possessive, as the object of a verb, and with a preposition, among others.
The endings of Russian words can also vary depending on the grammatical uses of the words. Russian grammar requires specific endings (called “cases”) on nouns used in the possessive, as the object of a verb, and with a preposition, among others.


Adjectives also must match the nouns they modify in gender, quantity, and grammatical form (case). Russian nouns fall into several classes, each with its own set of grammatical endings. Many dictionaries have grammatical sections which show complete noun and adjective endings.  
Adjectives also must match the nouns they modify in gender, quantity, and grammatical form (case). Russian nouns fall into several classes, each with its own set of grammatical endings. Many dictionaries have grammatical sections which show complete noun and adjective endings.
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+Translation of Declension Table from Викисловарь
|+
!падеж (case)
!Noun
!ед. ч. (singular)
!Use
!мн. ч (plural)
!Translation
|-
|-
|Им.(nominative)
|город
|
 
|
города
 
городе
|'''город'''
 
мер '''города'''
 
Я жул в '''городе'''
|City
 
Mayor of the city
 
I lived in the city
|-
|-
|Р. (genitive)
|сын
|
 
|
сына
|-
 
|Д. (dative)
сыну
|
|
|-
|В. (accusative)
|
|
|-
|Тв. (instrumental)
|
|
|-
|Пр. (prepositional)
|
|
|}


===Names and Places===
сыном
For words not typically found in dictionaries (place names and given/family names) try using the following resources:
|'''сын'''


'''Places:'''
я крестил '''сына'''


[https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9 List of Gubernia in the Russian Empire]
я дал '''сыну'''


[[Russia Gazetteers]]
я ушёл с '''сыном'''
|Son


[http://www.google.com Google]
I christened the son


'''Russian Names:'''
I gave to the son


*[https://gufo.me/dict/surnames_ru Словарь русских фамилий (Dictionary of Russian Surnames)]
I left with the son
|-
|жена


*[https://pomnirod.ru/assets/files/knigi/slovar-russ_imen_petrovski_1966.pdf Словарь Русских Личных Имен (Dictionary of Russian Given Names)]
жены


*[https://azbyka.ru/deti/slovar-spravochnik-russkikh-lichnykh-imen-ilya-melnikov Словарь-справочник русских личных имен (Dictionary/Handbook of Russian Given Names)]
жену


*[https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=aF5NAAAAcAAJ&rdid=book-aF5NAAAAcAAJ&rdot=1 French, German and Russian Name Dictionary]
жене


'''Polish Names Written in Russian:'''
женой


Use these resources to help you find the proper spelling of a Polish name. [https://www.familysearch.org/wiki/en/img_auth.php/7/75/Russian_Alphabet_Key.pdf This handout] will help you transliterate from Russian into Polish.
жене
|'''жена'''


*[http://herby.com.pl/ Slownik Nazwisk (Dictionary of Surnames)] to learn how to use this website, see the instructions [https://jri-poland.org/slownik.htm here].
дом '''жены'''


*[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Polish_given_names Polish Given Names with Dimunitives and English Equivalents]
я видел '''жену'''


*[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:Polish_male_given_names Male Polish Names Wiktionary 1]
я дал '''жене'''


*[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Polish_given_names Male Polish Names Wiktionary 2]
я ушёл ц '''женой'''


*[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:Polish_female_given_names Female Polish Names Wiktionary 1]
я думал о '''жене'''
|Wife
 
Home of the wife
 
I saw the wife


*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Polish_feminine_given_names Female Polish Names Wiktionary 2]
I gave to the wife


'''German Names Written in Russian:'''
I left with the wife


[https://www.familysearch.org/wiki/en/img_auth.php/7/75/Russian_Alphabet_Key.pdf This handout] will help you transliterate from Russian into German.  
I thought about the wife
|}
The changing of word endings is called “declension” and there are six different cases in Russian.


*[https://www.sggee.org/research/rus_translate/Cyrillic_Handouts.pdf SGGEE handout], see page 7
==== Given names ====
*[https://volga.domains.unf.edu/surnames Germans from Russia Surnames (particularly the Volga Region)]
An important note is that it is essential to recognize when a name is written in a different form, and to avoid misinterpreting it as another name. For example, “the child of Ivan” would be “ребенок ивана.” That only means that “иван” is in a different case. It does NOT mean that is a feminine form of the name, that his name is different, that he has variant names, or that “ивана” is a different person than “иван.”
*[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:German_male_given_names Male German Names Wiktionary]
*[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:German_given_names#List_of_female_given_names Female German Names Wiktionary]
*[http://www.namenforschung.net/en/dfd/dictionary/list/ Digital Dictionary of Surnames in Germany]


===Months of the Year===
==== Verbs ====
For months of the year in Cyrillic handwriting, see [https://www.sggee.org/research/rus_translate/Images/months_script.jpg SGGEE handout, '''"Examples of how the months are handwritten"''']
Words that show action (verbs) also vary depending on who and how many are doing the action and whether the action is past, present, or future. The variation for verbs is called “conjugation.” For example, the Russian word жить (to live) will appear with various endings. Note that most but not all verbs follow this pattern:
{| class="wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable"
!Russian (nominative)!!Russian (Genitive)!!English
|+
!Russian conjugation
!English conjugation
|-
|-
|январь, Iенварь||января||January
|я '''живу'''
|I live
|-
|-
|февраль||февраля||February
|ты '''живёшь'''
|you live (informal)
|-
|-
|март||марта||March
|он/она/кто '''живёт'''
|he/she/who lives
|-
|-
|апрель||апреля||April
|мы '''живём'''
|-
|we live
|май||мая||May
|-
|июнь||июня||June
|-
|июль||июля||July
|-
|-
|август||августа||August
|вы '''живёте'''
|you live (formal)
|-
|-
|сентябрь||сентября||September
|они '''живут'''
|they live
|-
|-
|октябрь||октября||October
|она '''жил'''
|he lived
|-
|-
|ноябрь||ноября||November
|она '''жила'''
|she lived
|-
|-
|декабрь||декабря||December
|они '''жили'''
|they lived
|}
|}


===Cardinal Numbers===
===Names and Places===
For numbers in cursive, see [https://www.sggee.org/research/rus_translate/Cyrillic_Handouts.pdf '''SGGEE Cyrillic Handouts.pdf.''']
For words not typically found in dictionaries (place names and given/family names) try using the following resources:
{| width="70%" border="1"
 
|-
'''Places:'''
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
 
| width="25%" |'''English'''
[https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9 List of Gubernia in the Russian Empire]
|-
 
|один
[[Russia Gazetteers]]
|one
 
|-
[http://www.google.com Google]
|два
 
|two
'''Russian Names:'''
|-
 
|три
*[https://gufo.me/dict/surnames_ru Словарь русских фамилий (Dictionary of Russian Surnames)]
|three
 
|-
*[https://pomnirod.ru/assets/files/knigi/slovar-russ_imen_petrovski_1966.pdf Словарь Русских Личных Имен (Dictionary of Russian Given Names)]
|четыре
 
|four
*[https://azbyka.ru/deti/slovar-spravochnik-russkikh-lichnykh-imen-ilya-melnikov Словарь-справочник русских личных имен (Dictionary/Handbook of Russian Given Names)]
|-
 
|пять
*[https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=aF5NAAAAcAAJ&rdid=book-aF5NAAAAcAAJ&rdot=1 French, German and Russian Name Dictionary]
|five
 
'''Polish Names Written in Russian:'''
 
Use these resources to help you find the proper spelling of a Polish name. [https://www.familysearch.org/wiki/en/img_auth.php/7/75/Russian_Alphabet_Key.pdf This handout] will help you transliterate from Russian into Polish.
 
*[http://herby.com.pl/ Slownik Nazwisk (Dictionary of Surnames)] to learn how to use this website, see the instructions [https://jri-poland.org/slownik.htm here].
 
*[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Polish_given_names Polish Given Names with Dimunitives and English Equivalents]
 
*[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:Polish_male_given_names Male Polish Names Wiktionary 1]
 
*[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Polish_given_names Male Polish Names Wiktionary 2]
 
*[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:Polish_female_given_names Female Polish Names Wiktionary 1]
 
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Polish_feminine_given_names Female Polish Names Wiktionary 2]
 
'''German Names Written in Russian:'''
 
[https://www.familysearch.org/wiki/en/img_auth.php/7/75/Russian_Alphabet_Key.pdf This handout] will help you transliterate from Russian into German.
 
*[https://www.sggee.org/research/rus_translate/Cyrillic_Handouts.pdf SGGEE handout], see page 7
*[https://volga.domains.unf.edu/surnames Germans from Russia Surnames (particularly the Volga Region)]
*[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:German_male_given_names Male German Names Wiktionary]
*[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:German_given_names#List_of_female_given_names Female German Names Wiktionary]
*[http://www.namenforschung.net/en/dfd/dictionary/list/ Digital Dictionary of Surnames in Germany]
 
===Months of the Year===
For months of the year in Cyrillic handwriting, see [https://www.sggee.org/research/rus_translate/Images/months_script.jpg SGGEE handout, '''"Examples of how the months are handwritten"''']
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Russian (nominative)!!Russian (Genitive)!!English
|-
|-
|шесть
|январь, Iенварь||января||January
|six
|-
|-
|семь
|февраль||февраля||February
|seven
|-
|-
|восемь
|март||марта||March
|eight
|-
|-
|девять
|апрель||апреля||April
|nine
|-
|-
|десять
|май||мая||May
|ten
|-
|-
|одиннадцать
|июнь||июня||June
|eleven
|-
|-
|двенадцать
|июль||июля||July
|twelve
|-
|-
|тринадцать
|август||августа||August
|thirteen
|-
|-
|четырнадцать
|сентябрь||сентября||September
|fourteen
|-
|-
|пятнадцать
|октябрь||октября||October
|fifteen
|-
|-
|шестнадцать
|ноябрь||ноября||November
|sixteen
|-
|-
|семнадцать
|декабрь||декабря||December
|seventeen
|}
 
===Cardinal Numbers===
For numbers in cursive, see [https://www.sggee.org/research/rus_translate/Cyrillic_Handouts.pdf '''SGGEE Cyrillic Handouts.pdf.''']
{| width="70%" border="1"
|-
|-
|восемнадцать
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
|eighteen
| width="25%" |'''English'''
|-
|-
|девятнадцать
|один
|nineteen
|one
|-
|-
|двадцать
|два
|twenty
|two
|-
|-
|тридцать
|три
|thirty
|three
|-
|-
|сорок
|четыре
|forty
|four
|-
|-
|пятьдесят
|пять
|fifty
|five
|-
|-
|шестьдесят
|шесть
|sixty
|six
|-
|-
|семьдесят
|семь
|seventy
|seven
|-
|-
|восемьдесят
|восемь
|eighty
|eight
|-
|-
|девяносто
|девять
|ninety
|nine
|-
|-
|сто
|десять
|one hundred
|ten
|-
|-
|двести
|одиннадцать
|two hundred
|eleven
|-
|-
|триста
|двенадцать
|three hundred
|twelve
|-
|-
|четыреста
|тринадцать
|four hundred
|thirteen
|-
|-
|пятьсот
|четырнадцать
|five hundred
|fourteen
|-
|-
|шестьсот
|пятнадцать
|six hundred
|fifteen
|-
|-
|семьсот
|шестнадцать
|seven hundred
|sixteen
|-
|-
|восемьсот
|семнадцать
|eight hundred
|seventeen
|-
|-
|девятьсот
|восемнадцать
|nine hundred
|eighteen
|-
|-
|тысяча
|девятнадцать
|one thousand
|nineteen
|-
|-
|миллион
|двадцать
|one million
|twenty
|}
 
===Ordinal Numbers===
 
{| width="70%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
|тридцать
| width="25%" |'''English'''
|thirty
|-
|-
|первый
|сорок
|first
|forty
|-
|-
|второй
|пятьдесят
|second
|fifty
|-
|-
|третий
|шестьдесят
|third
|sixty
|-
|-
|четвёртый
|семьдесят
|fourth
|seventy
|-
|-
|пятый
|восемьдесят
|fifth
|eighty
|-
|-
|шестой
|девяносто
|sixth
|ninety
|-
|-
|седьмой
|сто
|seventh
|one hundred
|-
|-
|восьмой
|двести
|eighth
|two hundred
|-
|-
|девятый
|триста
|ninth
|three hundred
|-
|-
|десятый
|четыреста
|tenth
|four hundred
|-
|-
|одиннадцатый
|пятьсот
|eleventh
|five hundred
|-
|-
|двенадцатый
|шестьсот
|twelfth
|six hundred
|-
|-
|тринадцатый
|семьсот
|thirteenth
|seven hundred
|-
|-
|четырнадцатый
|восемьсот
|fourteenth
|eight hundred
|-
|-
|пятнадцатый
|девятьсот
|fifteenth
|nine hundred
|-
|-
|шестнадцатый
|тысяча
|sixteenth
|one thousand
|-
|-
|семнадцатый
|миллион
|seventeenth
|one million
|}
 
===Ordinal Numbers===
 
{| width="70%" border="1"
|-
|-
|восемнадцатый
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
|eighteenth
| width="25%" |'''English'''
|-
|-
|девятнадцатый
|первый
|nineteenth
|first
|-
|-
|двадцатый
|второй
|twentieth
|second
|-
|-
|двадцать первый
|третий
|twenty first
|third
|-
|-
|тридцатый
|четвёртый
|thirtieth
|fourth
|-
|-
|тридцать первый
|пятый
|thirty first
|fifth
|}
 
==General Word List==
 
This general word list includes words commonly seen in genealogical sources.&nbsp; Numbers, months, and days of the week are listed.
 
{| class="plain FCK__ShowTableBorders"
|-
|-
|
|шестой
|}
|sixth
 
<br>
 
===A===
 
{| width="70%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
|седьмой
|'''English'''
|seventh
|-
|-
|август<br>
|восьмой
|August<br>
|eighth
|-
|-
|адвокат<br>
|девятый
|lawyer<br>
|ninth
|-
|-
|администратор<br>
|десятый
|administrator<br>
|tenth
|-
|-
|акт<br>
|одиннадцатый
|document, record, certificate<br>
|eleventh
|-
|-
|акты гражданского состояния<br>
|двенадцатый
|vital statistics<br>
|twelfth
|-
|-
|акушерка<br>
|тринадцатый
|midwife<br>
|thirteenth
|-
|-
|алфавитный список<br>
|четырнадцатый
|alphabetical list or index<br>
|fourteenth
|-
|-
|апрель<br>
|пятнадцатый
|April<br>
|fifteenth
|-
|-
|арендатор<br>
|шестнадцатый
|tenant, leaseholder<br>
|sixteenth
|-
|-
|армия<br>
|семнадцатый
|army<br>
|seventeenth
|-
|-
|артиллерист<br>
|восемнадцатый
|artilleryman<br>
|eighteenth
|-
|-
|архив<br>
|девятнадцатый
|archive<br>
|nineteenth
|-
|-
|архивист, архивариус<br>
|двадцатый
|archivist<br>
|twentieth
|-
|двадцать первый
|twenty first
|-
|тридцатый
|thirtieth
|-
|тридцать первый
|thirty first
|}
 
==General Word List==
 
This general word list includes words commonly seen in genealogical sources.  Numbers, months, and days of the week are listed.
 
{| class="plain FCK__ShowTableBorders"
|-
|
|}
|}


<br>  
<br>  


===Б===
===A===


{| width="70%" border="1"
{| width="70%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
|'''Transliteration/English'''
|'''English'''
|-
|-
|бакалейщик<br>
|август<br>
|Grocer<br>
|August<br>
|-
|-
|барышник<br>
|адвокат<br>
|horse dealer<br>
|lawyer<br>
|-
|-
|батрак<br>
|администратор<br>
|farm hand, hired hand<br>
|administrator<br>
|-
|-
|башмачник<br>
|акт<br>
|shoemaker<br>
|document, record, certificate<br>
|-
|-
|бедность<br>
|акты гражданского состояния<br>
|poverty<br>
|vital statistics<br>
|-
|-
|бедный<br>
|акушерка<br>
|poor<br>
|midwife<br>
|-
|-
|бедняк<br>
|алфавитный список<br>
|pauper<br>
|alphabetical list or index<br>
|-
|-
|беженец
|апоплексия
|refugee
|apoplexy
|-
|-
|безземельный<br>
|апрель<br>
|landless<br>
|April<br>
|-
|-
|белое духовенство
|арендатор<br>
|clergy who have not taken a monastic vow (allowed to have a wife and children)
|tenant, leaseholder<br>
|-
|-
|Благороднй<br>
|армия<br>
|
|army<br>
noble<br>
 
|-
|-
|благородство<br>
|артиллерист<br>
|
|artilleryman<br>
nobility<br>
 
|-
|-
|близнец<br>
|архив<br>
|twin<br>
|archive<br>
|-
|-
|близнецы<br>
|архивист, архивариус<br>
|twins<br>
|archivist<br>
|-
|}
|бобыль<br>
 
|
<br>  
poor landless peasant<br>
 
===Б===


{| width="70%" border="1"
|-
|-
|богадельня<br>
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
|poor house<br>
|'''Transliteration/English'''
|-
|-
|болезнь<br>
|бакалейщик<br>
|illness, disease<br>
|Grocer<br>
|-
|-
|болезнь лёгких<br>
|барышник<br>
|lung disease, lung illness<br>
|horse dealer<br>
|-
|-
|болница<br>
|батрак<br>
|hospital<br>
|farm hand, hired hand<br>
|-
|-
|болной<br>
|башмачник<br>
|sick<br>
|shoemaker<br>
|-
|-
|бондарь, бочар<br>
|бедность<br>
|cooper<br>
|poverty<br>
|-
|-
|боярин<br>
|бедный<br>
|boyar (m.) pre1700 aristocrat<br>
|poor<br>
|-
|-
|боярство<br>
|бедняк<br>
|the boyars<br>
|pauper<br>
|-
|-
|боярыня<br>
|беженец
|boyar, nobleman's wife<br>
|refugee
|-
|-
|брак, бракосочетанние <br>
|безземельный<br>
|brak, brakosochetannie<br>marriage<br>
|landless<br>
|-
|-
|браконьер<br>
|белое духовенство
|poacher<br>
|clergy who have not taken a monastic vow (allowed to have a wife and children)
|-
|-
|бракосочетание<br>
|Благороднй<br>
|marriage<br>
|
noble<br>
 
|-
|-
|брат
|благородство<br>
|brother
|
nobility<br>
 
|-
|-
|брачный обыски
|близнец<br>
|pre-marital search of records, proving bride and groom are not related
|twin<br>
|-
|близнецы<br>
|twins<br>
|-
|-
|брачный
|бобыль<br>
|marital (adj.) conjugal
|
poor landless peasant<br>
 
|-
|-
|бременная
|богадельня<br>
|pregnant
|poor house<br>
|-
|-
|бродяга
|болезнь<br>
|vagabond
|illness, disease<br>
|-
|-
|булочник
|болезнь лёгких<br>
|baker
|lung disease, lung illness<br>
|-
|-
|бухгалтер
|болница<br>
|bookkeeper
|hospital<br>
|-
|-
|бывший
|болной<br>
|former
|sick<br>
|-
|-
|быть
|боль
|to be
|illness, sickness, pain
|-
|-
|бюргер
|бондарь, бочар<br>
|burgher
|cooper<br>
|}
 
<br>
 
===В===
 
{| width="70%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
|боярин<br>
|'''&nbsp;English'''
|boyar (m.) pre-1700 aristocrat<br>
|-
|-
|в
|боярство<br>
|in, on, at
|the boyars<br>
|-
|-
|в час
|боярыня<br>
|at one o'clock
|boyar, nobleman's wife<br>
|-
|-
|вдова
|брак, бракосочетанние <br>
|widow
|brak, brakosochetannie<br>marriage<br>
|-
|-
|вдовец
|браконьер<br>
|widower
|poacher<br>
|-
|-
|ведомость
|бракосочетание<br>
|register, record, list
|marriage<br>
|-
|-
|венчание
|брат
|wedding ceremony
|brother
|-
|-
|верность
|брачный обыски
|accuracy, correctness, truth
|pre-marital search of records, proving bride and groom are not related
|-
|-
|вероисповедание
|брачный
|religion, faith, creed
|marital (adj.) conjugal
|-
|-
|весна
|бременная
|spring
|pregnant
|-
|-
|весной
|бродяга
|in the spring
|vagabond
|-
|-
|весь
|бронхит; бронхитис
|all, whole, everything
|bronchitis
|-
|-
|ветрянкя
|булочник
|chicken pox
|baker
|-
|-
|ветрянкя опаса
|бухгалтер
|chicken pox
|bookkeeper
|-
|-
|вечер
|бывший
|evening
|former
|-
|-
|вечера
|быть
|in the evening
|to be
|-
|-
|вечером
|бюргер
|in the evening
|burgher
|-
|}
|взрослый
 
|adult
<br>
 
===В===
 
{| width="70%" border="1"
|-
|-
|владелец
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
|bearer, owner, propietor
|''' English'''
|-
|-
|властный
|в
|authoritative
|in, on, at
|-
|-
|внебрачный ребёнок
|в час
|illegitimate child
|at one o'clock
|-
|-
|внук
|вдова
|grandson
|widow
|-
|-
|внучка
|вдовец
|granddaughter
|widower
|-
|-
|водянка
|ведомость
|dropsy
|register, record, list
|-
|-
|военная служба&nbsp;
|венчание
|military service
|wedding ceremony
|-
|-
|военные документы
|веред
|military records
|boils
|-
|-
|военный
|верность
|military, soldier
|accuracy, correctness, truth
|-
|-
|возраст
|вероисповедание
|age
|religion, faith, creed
|-
|-
|возчик
|весна
|coachman, carter
|spring
|-
|-
|воинский
|весной
|military
|in the spring
|-
|-
|война
|весь
|war
|all, whole, everything
|-
|-
|волость
|ветеринар
|smaller, district, volost' (adm. unit)
|veterinarian
|-
|-
|волосы
|ветрянкя
|hair
|chicken pox
|-
|-
|восемнадцатый
|ветрянкя опаса
|eighteenth
|chicken pox
|-
|-
|восемнадцать
|вечер
|eighteen
|evening
|-
|-
|восемьдесят
|вечера
|eighty
|in the evening
|-
|-
|восемьсот
|вечером
|eight hundred
|in the evening
|-
|-
|воскресенье
|взрослый
|Sunday
|adult
|-
|-
|воспаление
|владелец
|inflammation<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>
|bearer, owner, propietor
|-
|-
|восприемник
|властный
|godparent
|authoritative
|-
|-
|восприемница
|внебрачный ребёнок
|godmother
|illegitimate child
|-
|-
|восприемники
|внук
|godparents
|grandson
|-
|-
|восток
|внучка
|east
|granddaughter
|-
|-
|восточный
|водянка
|eastern
|dropsy
|-
|-
|восьмидесятый
|водянка в голове
|eightieth
|dropsy of the head (likely Hydrocephalus)
|-
|-
|восьмисотый
|военная служба
|eight hundredth
|military service
|-
|-
|восьмой
|военные документы
|eighth
|military records
|-
|-
|время
|военный
|time
|military, soldier
|-
|-
|всё
|возраст
|all, everyone, every
|age
|-
|-
|вся
|возчик
|all, everyone, every
|coachman, carter
|-
|-
|вступить в брак
|воинский
|to get married (to enter marriage)
|military
|-
|-
|вступление в брак
|война
|marriage (entering marriage, often used in giving the marriage date)
|war
|-
|-
|вступить на службу
|волость
|to go into the service
|smaller, district, volost' (adm. unit)
|-
|-
|вторник
|волосы
|Tuesday
|hair
|-
|-
|второй
|восемнадцатый
|second
|eighteenth
|-
|-
|вчера
|восемнадцать
|yesterday
|eighteen
|-
|-
|вчерашний
|восемьдесят
|yesterday (adj)
|eighty
|-
|-
|выдать
|восемьсот
|to issue
|eight hundred
|-
|-
|выкидыщ
|воскресенье
|miscarriage
|Sunday
|-
|-
|выписка
|воспаление
|extract, (record)
|inflammation
|-
|-
|выслать
|воспаление кишок
|to be send
|inflammation of the intestines
|-
|-
|высокий
|воспаление легких
|tall
|inflammation of the lungs
|-
|-
|выходить замуж
|воспаление мозгова
|to marry, to be married (fem)
|inflammation of the brain
|-
|-
|вышесказанное
|восприемник
|the above mentioned
|godparent
|}
 
===Г===
 
{| width="70%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
|восприемница
|'''English'''
|godmother
|-
|-
|г.
|восприемники
|abbreviation for город (city)
|godparents
|-
|-
|гвардец
|восток
|guardsmen
|east
|-
|-
|гвардуия
|восточный
|guards
|eastern
|-
|-
|где
|восьмидесятый
|where
|eightieth
|-
|-
|генварь
|восьмисотый
|general
|eight hundredth
|-
|-
|генеалогия<br>
|восьмой
|genealogy<br>
|eighth
|-
|-
|герб
|время
|coat of arms
|time
|-
|-
|герой
|всё
|hero
|all, everyone, every
|-
|-
|глаз
|вся
|eye
|all, everyone, every
|-
|-
|глухой
|вступить в брак
|blind
|to get married (to enter marriage)
|-
|-
|год
|вступление в брак
|year
|marriage (entering marriage, often used in giving the marriage date)
|-
|-
|голод
|вступить на службу
|hunger, starvation
|to go into the service
|-
|-
|гончар
|вторник
|potter
|Tuesday
|-
|-
|горничная
|второй
|house maid, chambermaid
|second
|-
|-
|горнорабочий
|вчера
|miner
|yesterday
|-
|-
|горняк
|вчерашний
|miner
|yesterday (adj)
|-
|-
|город
|выдать
|city
|to issue
|-
|-
|госпиталь<br>
|выкидыщ
|hospital<br>
|miscarriage
|-
|-
|господни<br>
|выписка
|gentleman, Mr.<br>
|extract, (record)
|-
|-
|госпожа<br>
|выслать
|lady, Mrs.<br>
|to be send
|-
|-
|государственный<br>
|высокий
|government<br>
|tall
|-
|-
|государственный архив<br>
|выходить замуж
|government archive<br>
|to marry, to be married (fem)
|-
|-
|гражданин<br>
|вышесказанное
|citizen (male)<br>
|the above mentioned
|}
 
===Г===
 
{| width="70%" border="1"
|-
|-
|гражданка<br>
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
|citizen (female)<br>
|'''English'''
|-
|-
|гражданский, гражданство<br>
|г.
|citizenship (adj.), citizenship (noun)<br>
|abbreviation for город (city)
|-
|-
|грамота<br>
|гвардец
|literacy<br>
|guardsmen
|-
|-
|грамотный<br>
|гвардуия
|literate<br>
|guards
|-
|-
|гренадер<br>
|где
|grenadier<br>
|where
|-
|-
|губерния, губ.<br>
|генварь
|province, guberniya (adm. unit)<br>
|general
|-
|-
|гусар<br>
|генеалогия<br>
|hussar, light cavalryman<br>
|genealogy<br>
|}
 
<br>
 
===Д===
 
{| width="70%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
|герб
|'''English'''
|coat of arms
|-
|-
|дано<br>
|герой
|was given<br>
|hero
|-
|-
|дать<br>
|глаз
|to give<br>
|eye
|-
|-
|два<br>
|глухой
|two (masc., neut.)
|blind
|-
|-
|двадцатый<br>
|год
|twentieth<br>
|year
|-
|-
|двадцать<br>
|голод
|twenty<br>
|hunger, starvation
|-
|-
|две<br>
|гончар
|two (fem.)<br>
|potter
|-
|-
|двенадцатый<br>
|горничная
|twelfth<br>
|house maid, chambermaid
|-
|-
|двенадцать<br>
|горнорабочий
|twelve<br>
|miner
|-
|-
|двести<br>
|горняк
|two hundred<br>
|miner
|-
|-
|движимость<br>
|город
|movable property<br>
|city
|-
|-
|двойни<br>
|горячка
|twins<br>
|fever; burning ague
|-
|-
|двойня<br>
|госпиталь<br>
|twin<br>
|hospital<br>
|-
|-
|дворянин<br>
|господни<br>
|nobleman
|gentleman, Mr.<br>
|-
|-
|дворянка<br>
|госпожа<br>
|noblewoman
|lady, Mrs.<br>
|-
|-
|дворянский род<br>
|государственный<br>
|noble line, noble family
|government<br>
|-
|-
|дворянство<br>
|государственный архив<br>
|nobility
|government archive<br>
|-
|-
|двоюродная сестра<br>
|гражданин<br>
|female cousin
|citizen (male)<br>
|-
|-
|двоюродная брат<br>
|гражданка<br>
|male cousin
|citizen (female)<br>
|-
|-
|двухсотый<br>
|гражданский, гражданство<br>
|two hundredth
|citizenship (adj.), citizenship (noun)<br>
|-
|-
|дева<br>
|грамота<br>
|maiden
|literacy<br>
|-
|-
|деверь<br>
|грамотный<br>
|brother in law, husband's brother
|literate<br>
|-
|-
|девица<br>
|гренадер<br>
|maiden, unmarried woman
|grenadier<br>
|-
|-
|Девичья фамилия<br>
|губерния, губ.<br>
|maiden name
|province, guberniya (adm. unit)<br>
|-
|-
|Девочка<br>
|гусар<br>
|little girl
|hussar, light cavalryman<br>
|}
 
<br>
 
===Д===
 
{| width="70%" border="1"
|-
|-
|девушка<br>
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
|girl, maiden
|'''English'''
|-
|-
|девяносто<br>
|дано<br>
|ninety
|was given<br>
|-
|-
|девяностый<br>
|дать<br>
|ninetieth
|to give<br>
|-
|-
|девятисотый<br>
|два<br>
|nine hundredth
|two (masc., neut.)
|-
|-
|девятнадцатый<br>
|двадцатый<br>
|nineteenth
|twentieth<br>
|-
|-
|девятнадцать<br>
|двадцать<br>
|nineteen
|twenty<br>
|-
|-
|девятый<br>
|две<br>
|ninth
|two (fem.)<br>
|-
|-
|девять<br>
|двенадцатый<br>
|nine
|twelfth<br>
|-
|-
|девятьсот<br>
|двенадцать<br>
|nine hundred
|twelve<br>
|-
|-
|дед<br>
|двести<br>
|grandfather
|two hundred<br>
|-
|-
|дедушка<br>
|движимость<br>
|grandfather
|movable property<br>
|-
|-
|декабрь<br>
|двойни<br>
|December
|twins<br>
|-
|-
|дело<br>
|двойня<br>
|file, business, matter
|twin<br>
|-
|-
|день<br>
|дворянин<br>
|day
|nobleman
|-
|-
|день рождения<br>
|дворянка<br>
|birthday
|noblewoman
|-
|-
|дер.
|дворянский род<br>
|village (abbreviation of деревня)
|noble line, noble family
|-
|-
|деревня<br>
|дворянство<br>
|village
|nobility
|-
|-
|десятый<br>
|двоюродная сестра<br>
|tenth
|female cousin
|-
|-
|десять<br>
|двоюродная брат<br>
|ten
|male cousin
|-
|-
|дети, детей<br>
|двухсотый<br>
|children, children (accusative/genitive)
|two hundredth
|-
|-
|детство<br>
|дева<br>
|childhood
|maiden
|-
|-
|дисентерия,
|деверь<br>
 
|brother in law, husband's brother
 
дизентерия<br>
|dysentery
|-
|-
|дитя<br>
|девица<br>
|child
|maiden, unmarried woman
|-
|-
|днём<br>
|Девичья фамилия<br>
|during the day, in the afternoon
|maiden name
|-
|-
|до<br>
|Девочка<br>
|until, up to, before
|little girl
|-
|-
|договор<br>
|девушка<br>
|agreement
|girl, maiden
|-
|-
|документ<br>
|девяносто<br>
|document
|ninety
|-
|-
|дом<br>
|девяностый<br>
|house, home, building
|ninetieth
|-
|-
|домохозяйка
|девятисотый<br>
|housewife
|nine hundredth
|-
|-
|донести<br>
|девятнадцатый<br>
|to inform
|nineteenth
|-
|-
|достигать совершеннолетия<br>
|девятнадцать<br>
|to com of age, attain one's majority
|nineteen
|-
|-
|дочь<br>
|девятый<br>
|daughter
|ninth
|-
|-
|Доярка<br>
|девять<br>
|milkmaid
|nine
|-
|-
|дровокол<br>
|девятьсот<br>
|woodcutter
|nine hundred
|-
|-
|дровосек<br>
|дед<br>
|woodcutter
|grandfather
|-
|-
|дряхлость<br>
|дедушка<br>
|decrepitude
|grandfather
|-
|-
|дряхлость<br>
|декабрь<br>
|decrepit
|December
|-
|-
|дьякон, диакон
|дело<br>
|deacon
|file, business, matter
|-
|-
|дубильщик<br>
|день<br>
|tanner
|day
|-
|-
|духовенство
|день рождения<br>
|clergy
|birthday
|-
|-
|духовная консистория<br>
|дер.
|diocese, consistory
|village (abbreviation of деревня)
|-
|-
|душевнобольной<br>
|деревня<br>
|mentally ill
|village
|-
|-
|дядя<br>
|десятый<br>
|uncle
|tenth
|}
 
<br>
 
===Е===
 
{| width="70%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
|десять<br>
|'''English'''
|ten
|-
|-
|Еврейские
|дети, детей<br>
|"Yevreyskie" or Jewish
|children, children (accusative/genitive)
|-
|-
|Евре́йская автоно́мная о́бласть
|детство<br>
|"Yevreyskaya avtonomnaya oblast'" or Jewish Autonomous Oblast
|childhood
|-
|-
|его
|дифтерии
|him, his
|diphtheria
|-
|-
|её
|дисентерия,
|her
 
 
дизентерия<br>
|dysentery
|-
|-
|евангелический<br>
|дитя<br>
|Protestant<br>
|child
|-
|-
|еврей<br>
|днём<br>
|Jew (m.)<br>
|during the day, in the afternoon
|-
|до<br>
|until, up to, before
|-
|-
|еврейка<br>
|договор<br>
|Jew (f.)<br>
|agreement
|-
|-
|единокровная сестра<br>
|документ<br>
|half sister<br>
|document
|-
|-
|единокровниый брат<br>
|дом<br>
|half brother<br>
|house, home, building
|-
|-
|епархия<br>
|домохозяйка
|diocese<br>
|housewife
|-
|-
|епископ<br>
|донести<br>
|bishop<br>
|to inform
|}
 
<br>
 
===Ё===
 
{| width="70%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
|достигать совершеннолетия<br>
|'''English'''
|to com of age, attain one's majority
|-
|-
|<br>
|дочь<br>
|<br>
|daughter
|}
 
<br>
 
===Ж===
 
{| width="70%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
|Доярка<br>
|'''English'''
|milkmaid
|-
|-
|жар<br>
|дровокол<br>
|Fever<br>
|woodcutter
|-
|-
|железнодорожник<br>
|дровосек<br>
|railroad worker<br>
|woodcutter
|-
|-
|желтуха<br>
|дряхлость<br>
|jaundice<br>
|decrepitude
|-
|-
|жена<br>
|дряхлость<br>
|wife
|decrepit
|-
|-
|женатый<br>
|дьякон, диакон
|
|deacon
married man
 
|-
|-
|женитьба<br>
|дубильщик<br>
|marriage (about a man)<br>
|tanner
|-
|-
|жениться<br>
|духовенство
|to marry (about a man)
|clergy
|-
|-
|женик<br>
|духовная консистория<br>
|bridegroom, fiance
|diocese, consistory
|-
|-
|женский<br>
|душевнобольной<br>
|female
|mentally ill
|-
|-
|женщина
|дыхавиц
|woman
|breathing
|-
|-
|жестянщик<br>
|дядя<br>
|tinsmith
|uncle
|}
 
<br>
 
===Е===
 
{| width="70%" border="1"
|-
|-
|живущий на пособии<br>
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
|welfare recipient
|'''English'''
|-
|-
|жилец<br>
|Еврейские
|resident, lodger, occupant
|"Yevreyskie" or Jewish
|-
|-
|жилище<br>
|Евре́йская автоно́мная о́бласть
|dwelling
|"Yevreyskaya avtonomnaya oblast'" or Jewish Autonomous Oblast
|-
|его
|him, his
|-
|её
|her
|-
|евангелический<br>
|Protestant<br>
|-
|еврей<br>
|Jew (m.)<br>
|-
|еврейка<br>
|Jew (f.)<br>
|-
|-
|житель<br>
|единокровная сестра<br>
|inhabitant, occupant
|half sister<br>
|-
|-
|жительство<br>
|единокровниый брат<br>
|residence, dwelling
|half brother<br>
|-
|-
|жительствующий<br>
|епархия<br>
|residing
|diocese<br>
|-
|-
|жить<br>
|епископ<br>
|to live, to dwell, to reside
|bishop<br>
|}
|}


<br>
<br>


===З===
===Ё===


{| width="70%" border="1"
{| width="70%" border="1"
Line 1,241: Line 1,344:
|'''English'''
|'''English'''
|-
|-
|заграничный<br>
|<br>
|foreign<br>
|<br>
|}
 
<br>
 
===Ж===
 
{| width="70%" border="1"
|-
|-
|ЗАГС
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
|civil registration (abbreviation of записи актов гражданского состояния)
|'''English'''
|-
|-
|заключённый<br>
|жар<br>
|(prisoner), concluded<br>
|Fever<br>
|-
|-
|заключить<br>
|железнодорожник<br>
|to conclude, to perform<br>
|railroad worker<br>
|-
|-
|закон<br>
|желудочной боли
|law<br>
|stomach pain/sickness
|-
|-
|законная жена<br>
|желтуха<br>
|lawful wife<br>
|jaundice<br>
|-
|-
|законнорождённый<br>
|жена<br>
|legitimately born<br>
|wife
|-
|-
|законность<br>
|женатый<br>
|legitimacy<br>
|
married man
 
|-
|-
|законный<br>
|женитьба<br>
|legal, legitimate, lawful<br>
|marriage (about a man)<br>
|-
|-
|замерзшый<br>
|жениться<br>
|frozen<br>
|to marry (about a man)
|-
|-
|замечание<br>
|женик<br>
|remark<br>
|bridegroom, fiance
|-
|-
|замужество<br>
|женский<br>
|marriage (about a woman)<br>
|female
|-
|-
|замужняя<br>
|женщина
|married (about a woman)<br>
|woman
|-
|-
|занятие<br>
|жестянщик<br>
|occupation<br>
|tinsmith
|-
|-
|запад<br>
|живущий на пособии<br>
|west<br>
|welfare recipient
|-
|-
|запасной рядовой
|жилец<br>
|reserve soldier, reserve private
|resident, lodger, occupant
|-
|-
|западный<br>
|жилище<br>
|western<br>
|dwelling
|-
|-
|записи актов гражданского состояния
|житель<br>
|records of acts of civil status, civil registration records, vital records
|inhabitant, occupant
|-
|-
|записи передвиженния<br>
|жительство<br>
|moving record<br>
|residence, dwelling
|-
|-
|запись<br>
|жительствующий<br>
|record(ing), registration<br>
|residing
|-
|-
|звание
|жить<br>
|occupation, rank
|to live, to dwell, to reside
|}
 
<br>
 
===З===
 
{| width="70%" border="1"
|-
|-
|здешний<br>
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
|local<br>
|'''English'''
|-
|-
|землевладелец<br>
|заграничный<br>
|landowner<br>
|foreign<br>
|-
|-
|земледелец<br>
|ЗАГС
|peasant, farmer<br>
|civil registration (abbreviation of записи актов гражданского состояния)
|-
|-
|земледелие<br>
|заключённый<br>
|agriculture<br>
|(prisoner), concluded<br>
|-
|-
|земля<br>
|заключить<br>
|earth, land<br>
|to conclude, to perform<br>
|-
|-
|земляк<br>
|закон<br>
|fellow-countyman<br>
|law<br>
|-
|-
|землячка<br>
|законная жена<br>
|fellow-country woman<br>
|lawful wife<br>
|-
|-
|зима<br>
|законнорождённый<br>
|winter<br>
|legitimately born<br>
|-
|-
|золовка<br>
|законность<br>
|sister-in-law, (husband's sister)<br>
|legitimacy<br>
|-
|-
|зять<br>
|законный<br>
|son-in-law, brother-in-law, (husband's sister)<br>
|legal, legitimate, lawful<br>
|}
 
<br>
 
===И===
 
{| width="70%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
|замерзшый<br>
|'''English'''
|frozen<br>
|-
|-
|и<br>
|замечание<br>
|and<br>
|remark<br>
|-
|-
|и так далее (и т. д.)<br>
|замужество<br>
|etc., and so forth, miscellaneous<br>
|marriage (about a woman)<br>
|-
|-
|из<br>
|замужняя<br>
|from, out of<br>
|married (about a woman)<br>
|-
|-
|издозчик<br>
|занятие<br>
|coachman<br>
|occupation<br>
|-
|-
|изгнанник<br>
|запад<br>
|exiled person<br>
|west<br>
|-
|-
|или<br>
|запасной рядовой
|or<br>
|reserve soldier, reserve private
|-
|-
|имение<br>
|запасный ветеринарный фельдшер
|estate<br>
|emergency veterinarian
|-
|-
|именной указатель
|западный<br>
|name register (like an index at the back of a book)
|western<br>
|-
|-
|иметь, имеет<br>
|записи актов гражданского состояния
|to have, has<br>
|records of acts of civil status, civil registration records, vital records
|-
|-
|иммигрант<br>
|записи передвиженния<br>
|immigrant<br>
|moving record<br>
|-
|-
|имущество<br>
|запись<br>
|property<br>
|record(ing), registration<br>
|-
|звание
|occupation, rank
|-
|-
|имя, имена<br>
|здешний<br>
|name, names (given name)<br>
|local<br>
|-
|-
|инженер<br>
|землевладелец<br>
|engineer<br>
|landowner<br>
|-
|-
|исповедные ведомости<br>
|земледелец<br>
|confession lists<br>
|peasant, farmer<br>
|-
|-
|иудей, иуд., иудейский
|земледелие<br>
|Jew, Jewish
|agriculture<br>
|-
|-
|их<br>
|земля<br>
|them, their<br>
|earth, land<br>
|-
|-
|июль<br>
|земляк<br>
|July<br>
|fellow-countyman<br>
|-
|-
|июнь<br>
|землячка<br>
|June<br>
|fellow-country woman<br>
|}
|-
 
|зима<br>
|winter<br>
|-
|золовка<br>
|sister-in-law, (husband's sister)<br>
|-
|зять<br>
|son-in-law, brother-in-law, (husband's sister)<br>
|}
 
<br>
<br>


===Й===
===И===
No Russian words begin with Й. Only some foreign words.
 
<br>
 
===К===


{| width="70%" border="1"
{| width="70%" border="1"
Line 1,413: Line 1,532:
|'''English'''
|'''English'''
|-
|-
|к/ко<br>
|и<br>
|to<br>
|and<br>
|-
|-
|кто
|и так далее (и т. д.)<br>
|who
|etc., and so forth, miscellaneous<br>
|-
|-
|кем, кѣмъ
|из<br>
|by whom
|from, out of<br>
|-
|-
|какимъ
|издозчик<br>
|(by) which
|coachman<br>
|-
|-
|какое
|изгнанник<br>
|which, what
|exiled person<br>
|-
|-
|кабатчик<br>
|или<br>
|innkeeper, barkeeper<br>
|or<br>
|-
|-
|кавалерист<br>
|имение<br>
|cavalryman<br>
|estate<br>
|-
|-
|казак<br>
|именной указатель
|Cossack<br>
|name register (like an index at the back of a book)
|-
|-
|казаки
|иметь, имеет<br>
|Cossacks
|to have, has<br>
|-
|-
|казённая палата<br>
|иммигрант<br>
|provincial financial office<br>
|immigrant<br>
|-
|-
|как видно<br>
|имущество<br>
|as is seen<br>
|property<br>
|-
|-
|калека<br>
|имя, имена<br>
|cripple<br>
|name, names (given name)<br>
|-
|-
|калесный мастер<br>
|инженер<br>
|wheelwright<br>
|engineer<br>
|-
|-
|каменщик<br>
|инфлюэнция, инфлюэнсия
|mason, bricklayer<br>
|influenza
|-
|-
|канцлер<br>
|исповедные ведомости<br>
|chancellor<br>
|confession lists<br>
|-
|-
|капитан<br>
|иудей, иуд., иудейский
|captain<br>
|Jew, Jewish
|-
|-
|капрал<br>
|их<br>
|corporal<br>
|them, their<br>
|-
|-
|Караимы
|июль<br>
|Crimean Karaites
|July<br>
|-
|-
|караул<br>
|июнь<br>
|guard<br>
|June<br>
|}
 
<br>
 
===Й===
No Russian words begin with Й. Only some foreign words.
 
<br>
 
===К===
 
{| width="70%" border="1"
|-
|-
|католический<br>
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
|Catholic (adj.)<br>
|'''English'''
|-
|-
|кашель<br>
|к/ко<br>
|cough<br>
|to<br>
|-
|-
|квартира, кв.
|кто
|apartment, apt. (abbreviation)
|who
|-
|-
|кладбище<br>
|кем, кѣмъ
|cemetery<br>
|by whom
|-
|-
|книга<br>
|какимъ
|book<br>
|(by) which
|-
|-
|колония<br>
|какое
|settlment, colony<br>
|which, what
|-
|-
|командирован на службу<br>
|кабатчик<br>
|ordered, commissioned to service<br>
|innkeeper, barkeeper<br>
|-
|-
|кондуктор<br>
|кавалерист<br>
|conductor, guard<br>
|cavalryman<br>
|-
|-
|кончина<br>
|казак<br>
|demise, death<br>
|Cossack<br>
|-
|-
|конюх<br>
|казаки
|groom, stableman<br>
|Cossacks
|-
|-
|коробейник<br>
|казённая палата<br>
|peddler<br>
|provincial financial office<br>
|-
|-
|корь<br>
|казенный крестьянин
|measles<br>
|state peasant
|-
|-
|костёл<br>
|как видно<br>
|church (Catholic)<br>
|as is seen<br>
|-
|-
|который<br>
|калека<br>
|which, that, who<br>
|cripple<br>
|-
|-
|кочегар<br>
|калесный мастер<br>
|stoker<br>
|wheelwright<br>
|-
|-
|красильщик<br>
|каменщик<br>
|dyer<br>
|mason, bricklayer<br>
|-
|-
|крепостной<br>
|канцлер<br>
|serf<br>
|chancellor<br>
|-
|-
|крестить<br>
|капитан<br>
|to christen, to baptize<br>
|captain<br>
|-
|-
|крестник<br>
|капрал<br>
|godson<br>
|corporal<br>
|-
|-
|крестница<br>
|Караимы
|goddaughter<br>
|Crimean Karaites
|-
|-
|крёстные родители<br>
|караул<br>
|godparents<br>
|guard<br>
|-
|-
|крестьяне<br>
|католический<br>
|peasants<br>
|Catholic (adj.)<br>
|-
|-
|крестьянин<br>
|кашель<br>
|peasant (m.)<br>
|cough<br>
|-
|-
|крестьянин владеющий землей<br>
|квартира, кв.
|landowning farmer<br>
|apartment, apt. (abbreviation)
|-
|-
|крестьянин государственный
|кладбище<br>
|state peasant
|cemetery<br>
|-
|-
|крестьянка<br>
|книга<br>
|peasant (f.)<br>
|book<br>
|-
|-
|крещение <br>
|коклюш
|baptism, christening<br>
|whooping cough
|-
|-
|ксендз<br>
|колония<br>
|priest (Catholic)<br>
|settlment, colony<br>
|-
|-
|кузнец<br>
|командирован на службу<br>
|blacksmith<br>
|ordered, commissioned to service<br>
|-
|-
|купец<br>
|конвульсии
|merchant<br>
|convulsions
|-
|-
|купцы
|кондуктор<br>
|merchants
|conductor, guard<br>
|-
|-
|кухарка<br>
|кончина<br>
|cook<br>
|demise, death<br>
|-
|-
|кучер<br>
|конюх<br>
|coachman<br>
|groom, stableman<br>
|}
 
<br>
 
===Л===
 
{| width="70%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
|коробейник<br>
|'''English'''
|peddler<br>
|-
|-
|лакей<br>
|корь<br>
|lackey, footman<br>
|measles<br>
|-
|-
|лейтенант<br>
|костёл<br>
|lietenant<br>
|church (Catholic)<br>
|-
|-
|лесоруб<br>
|который<br>
|lumberjack<br>
|which, that, who<br>
|-
|-
|лет<br>
|кочегар<br>
|years, years old (age)<br>
|stoker<br>
|-
|-
|лето<br>
|красильщик<br>
|summer<br>
|dyer<br>
|-
|крвавка
|blood loss from a bleeding wound
|-
|-
|летом<br>
|крепостной<br>
|in the summer<br>
|serf<br>
|-
|-
|лёгкое<br>
|крепостний крестьянин
|lung, light (adj.)<br>
|serf
|-
|-
|литейщик<br>
|крестить<br>
|foundry worker<br>
|to christen, to baptize<br>
|-
|-
|лихорадка<br>
|крестник<br>
|fever<br>
|godson<br>
|-
|-
|лицо<br>
|крестница<br>
|person, individual, face<br>
|goddaughter<br>
|-
|-
|лично<br>
|крёстные родители<br>
|personally<br>
|godparents<br>
|-
|-
|лодочник<br>
|крестьяне<br>
|boatman<br>
|peasants<br>
|-
|-
|лоцман<br>
|крестьянин<br>
|harbor pilot<br>
|peasant (m.)<br>
|-
|-
|лудильщик<br>
|крестьянин владеющий землей<br>
|tinsmith<br>
|landowning farmer<br>
|}
|-
|крестьянин государственный
|state peasant
|-
|крестьянка<br>
|peasant (f.)<br>
|-
|крещение <br>
|baptism, christening<br>
|-
|круп
|croup
|-
|ксендз<br>
|priest (Catholic)<br>
|-
|кузнец<br>
|blacksmith<br>
|-
|купец<br>
|merchant<br>
|-
|купцы
|merchants
|-
|кухарка<br>
|cook<br>
|-
|кучер<br>
|coachman<br>
|}


<br>
<br>


===М===
===Л===


{| width="70%" border="1"
{| width="70%" border="1"
Line 1,631: Line 1,788:
|'''English'''
|'''English'''
|-
|-
|май<br>
|лакей<br>
|May<br>
|lackey, footman<br>
|-
|-
|майор<br>
|лейтенант<br>
|major<br>
|lietenant<br>
|-
|-
|маленький<br>
|лесоруб<br>
|small, little,
|lumberjack<br>
|-
|-
|малолетство
|лет<br>
|underage, childhood
|years, years old (age)<br>
|-
|-
|маляр<br>
|лето<br>
|painter<br>
|summer<br>
|-
|-
|мама<br>
|летом<br>
|mama<br>
|in the summer<br>
|-
|-
|март<br>
|лёгкое<br>
|March<br>
|lung, light (adj.)<br>
|-
|-
|мастер<br>
|литейщик<br>
|master, foreman<br>
|foundry worker<br>
|-
|-
|матрос<br>
|лихорадка<br>
|seaman<br>
|fever<br>
|-
|-
|мать/матерь<br>
|лицо<br>
|mother<br>
|person, individual, face<br>
|-
|-
|мачеха<br>
|лично<br>
|stepmother<br>
|personally<br>
|-
|-
|между<br>
|лодочник<br>
|between<br>
|boatman<br>
|-
|-
|медник<br>
|лоцман<br>
|brazier, coppersmith<br>
|harbor pilot<br>
|-
|-
|мельник<br>
|лудильщик<br>
|miller<br>
|tinsmith<br>
|}
 
<br>
 
===М===
 
{| width="70%" border="1"
|-
|-
|мертворождённый<br>
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
|stillborn<br>
|'''English'''
|-
|-
|местечко
|май<br>
|small village or town; often referring to a shtetl (small Jewish village)
|May<br>
|-
|-
|место<br>
|майор<br>
|place<br>
|major<br>
|-
|-
|месяц<br>
|маленький<br>
|month<br>
|small, little,
|-
|-
|метрика<br>
|малолетство
|birth certificate<br>
|underage, childhood
|-
|-
|метрическая книга
|маляр<br>
|metrical book (metrical record, vital record book, register of births, marriages, and deaths)
|painter<br>
|-
|-
|метрические книги
|мама<br>
|metrical books (metrical records)
|mama<br>
|-
|-
|метрическое свидетельство
|март<br>
|birth certificate
|March<br>
|-
|-
|меховщик
|мастер<br>
|furrier
|master, foreman<br>
|-
|-
|мещанин
|матрос<br>
|member of middle class (petty bourgeois, townspeople, artisans or traders) (m.)
|seaman<br>
|-
|-
|мещанка
|мать/матерь<br>
|member of middle class (petty bourgeois, townspeople, artisans or traders) (f.)
|mother<br>
|-
|-
|младенец<br>
|мачеха<br>
|child, infant (m.)<br>
|stepmother<br>
|-
|-
|младенца
|между<br>
|child, infant (f.)
|between<br>
|-
|-
|младенчество
|медник<br>
|infancy
|brazier, coppersmith<br>
|-
|-
|могила
|мельник<br>
|grave
|miller<br>
|-
|-
|молодой<br>
|мертворождённый<br>
|young<br>
|stillborn<br>
|-
|-
|моряк<br>
|местечко
|seaman<br>
|small village or town; often referring to a shtetl (small Jewish village)
|-
|-
|мусульманский<br>
|место<br>
|Islamic<br>
|place<br>
|-
|-
|муж<br>
|месяц<br>
|husband<br>
|month<br>
|-
|-
|мужик<br>
|метрика<br>
|peasant<br>
|birth certificate<br>
|-
|-
|мужской<br>
|метрическая книга
|male<br>
|metrical book (metrical record, vital record book, register of births, marriages, and deaths)
|-
|-
|мужчина<br>
|метрические книги
|man<br>
|metrical books (metrical records)
|-
|-
|мэр<br>
|метрическое свидетельство
|mayor<br>
|birth certificate
|-
|-
|мясник<br>
|меховщик
|butcher<br>
|furrier
|}
 
<br>
 
===Н===
 
{| width="70%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
|мещанин
|'''English'''
|member of middle class (petty bourgeois, townspeople, artisans or traders) (m.)
|-
|-
|на<br>
|мещанка
|in, on, at, to<br>
|member of middle class (petty bourgeois, townspeople, artisans or traders) (f.)
|-
|-
|найдёныш<br>
|младенец<br>
|foundling<br>
|child, infant (m.)<br>
|-
|-
|наниматель<br>
|младенца
|tenant, employer<br>
|child, infant (f.)
|-
|-
|народ<br>
|младенчество
|people<br>
|infancy
|-
|-
|наследник<br>
|могила
|heir<br>
|grave
|-
|-
|наследование<br>
|молодой<br>
|inheritance<br>
|young<br>
|-
|-
|настоящий<br>
|моряк<br>
|present (adj.) this, real, genuine<br>
|seaman<br>
|-
|-
|национальность
|мусульманский<br>
|nationality
|Islamic<br>
|-
|-
|начальник<br>
|муж<br>
|head, chief, superior<br>
|husband<br>
|-
|-
|не<br>
|мужик<br>
|no, not<br>
|peasant<br>
|-
|-
|нет<br>
|мужской<br>
|no<br>
|male<br>
|-
|-
|невеста<br>
|мужчина<br>
|bride, fiancee<br>
|man<br>
|-
|-
|невестка<br>
|мэр<br>
|dauther-in-law, sister-in-law (brother's wife)<br>
|mayor<br>
|-
|-
|неграмотный<br>
|мясник<br>
|illiterate<br>
|butcher<br>
|}
 
<br>
 
===Н===
 
{| width="70%" border="1"
|-
|-
|недвижимость<br>
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
|immovable property<br>
|'''English'''
|-
|-
|неделя<br>
|на<br>
|week<br>
|in, on, at, to<br>
|-
|-
|незаконнорождённый<br>
|найдёныш<br>
|illegitimately born<br>
|foundling<br>
|-
|-
|немец<br>
|наниматель<br>
|German (m.)<br>
|tenant, employer<br>
|-
|-
|нем., немецкий
|народ<br>
|German (language)
|people<br>
|-
|-
|немка<br>
|наследник<br>
|German (f.)<br>
|heir<br>
|-
|-
|немой<br>
|наследование<br>
|dumb<br>
|inheritance<br>
|-
|-
|немощный<br>
|настоящий<br>
|infirm<br>
|present (adj.) this, real, genuine<br>
|-
|-
|немощь<br>
|национальность
|infirmity
|nationality
|-
|-
|неправильный<br>
|начальник<br>
|wrong, incorrect
|head, chief, superior<br>
|-
|-
|несовершеннолетие<br>
|не<br>
|underage, minority
|no, not<br>
|-
|-
|нижеподписавшийця<br>
|нет<br>
|undersigned
|no<br>
|-
|-
|нищий<br>
|невеста<br>
|beggar
|bride, fiancee<br>
|-
|-
|новобранец<br>
|невестка<br>
|recruit
|dauther-in-law, sister-in-law (brother's wife)<br>
|-
|-
|новобрачные<br>
|неграмотный<br>
|newlyweds
|illiterate<br>
|-
|-
|новорождённый<br>
|недвижимость<br>
|newborn
|immovable property<br>
|-
|-
|нос<br>
|неделя<br>
|nose
|week<br>
|-
|незаконнорождённый<br>
|illegitimately born<br>
|-
|-
|нотариус<br>
|немец<br>
|notary
|German (m.)<br>
|-
|-
|ночи, ночью<br>
|нем., немецкий
|at night
|German (language)
|-
|-
|ночь<br>
|немка<br>
|night<br>
|German (f.)<br>
|-
|-
|ноябрь<br>
|немой<br>
|November<br>
|dumb<br>
|}
 
<br>
 
===О===
 
{| width="70%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
|немощный<br>
|'''English'''
|infirm<br>
|-
|-
|o/об/обо
|немощь<br>
|about
|infirmity
|-
|-
|оба<br>
|неопределенная болезнь
|both<br>
|undetermined disease
|-
|-
|область<br>
|неправильный<br>
|province, region, oblast<br>
|wrong, incorrect
|-
|-
|образование<br>
|несовершеннолетие<br>
|education<br>
|underage, minority
|-
|-
|обручение<br>
|несчастья убитъ
|engagement, betrothal<br>
|killed in an unfortunate accident
|-
|-
|обряд<br>
|нижеподписавшийця<br>
|rite, ceremony<br>
|undersigned
|-
|-
|общество<br>
|нищий<br>
|society, company, community<br>
|beggar
|-
|-
|объялять<br>
|новобранец<br>
|to declare, state, announce<br>
|recruit
|-
|-
|обыватель
|новобрачные<br>
|commoner, inhabitant
|newlyweds
|-
|-
|обыски брачные<br>
|новорождённый<br>
|pre-marital search (see брачные обыски)<br>
|newborn
|-
|-
|оглашение<br>
|нос<br>
|marriage bans, announcement<br>
|nose
|-
|-
|оглашение имен вступающих в брак<br>
|нотариус<br>
|publication of the names of those about to marry<br>
|notary
|-
|-
|один<br>
|ночи, ночью<br>
|one (masc.)<br>
|at night
|-
|-
|одиночка
|ночь<br>
|sole occupant of household
|night<br>
|-
|-
|одна<br>
|ноябрь<br>
|one (fem.)<br>
|November<br>
|}
 
<br>
 
===О===
 
{| width="70%" border="1"
|-
|-
|одно<br>
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
|one (neuter)<br>
|'''English'''
|-
|-
|округ<br>
|o/об/обо
|okrug, district, territory, area<br>
|about
|-
|-
|октябрь<br>
|оба<br>
|October<br>
|both<br>
|-
|-
|он<br>
|область<br>
|he<br>
|province, region, oblast<br>
|-
|-
|она<br>
|образование<br>
|she<br>
|education<br>
|-
|-
|оно<br>
|обручение<br>
|it<br>
|engagement, betrothal<br>
|-
|-
|ономедни
|обряд<br>
|the other day, a couple of days ago, the day before yesterday (or, these days, recently)
|rite, ceremony<br>
|-
|-
|они<br>
|обструкция, опструкция
|they<br>
|obstruction
|-
|-
|опекун<br>
|общество<br>
|guardian<br>
|society, company, community<br>
|-
|-
|опись<br>
|объялять<br>
|list, inventory, series<br>
|to declare, state, announce<br>
|-
|-
|оплатить<br>
|обыватель
|to pay<br>
|commoner, inhabitant
|-
|-
|опухоль<br>
|обыски брачные<br>
|tumor, swelling<br>
|pre-marital search (see брачные обыски)<br>
|-
|-
|осень<br>
|оглашение<br>
|autumn, fall<br>
|marriage bans, announcement<br>
|-
|-
|осенью<br>
|оглашение имен вступающих в брак<br>
|in the autumn, in the fall<br>
|publication of the names of those about to marry<br>
|-
|-
|основание<br>
|один<br>
|basis, foundation<br>
|one (masc.)<br>
|-
|-
|оспа<br>
|одиночка
|smallpox<br>
|sole occupant of household
|-
|-
|от<br>
|одна<br>
|from<br>
|one (fem.)<br>
|-
|-
|отлел
|одно<br>
|department, office
|one (neuter)<br>
|-
|-
|отец<br>
|округ<br>
|father<br>
|okrug, district, territory, area<br>
|-
|-
|отставка<br>
|октябрь<br>
|retirement, discharge<br>
|October<br>
|-
|-
|отставной<br>
|он<br>
|retired<br>
|he<br>
|-
|-
|отсуствующий<br>
|она<br>
|absent<br>
|she<br>
|-
|-
|отчество<br>
|оно<br>
|patronymic<br>
|it<br>
|-
|-
|отчим<br>
|ономедни
|stepfather<br>
|the other day, a couple of days ago, the day before yesterday (or, these days, recently)
|-
|-
|охрана<br>
|они<br>
|guard<br>
|they<br>
|-
|-
|о родившихся
|опекун<br>
|births (literally: about those who were born)
|guardian<br>
|-
|-
|о бракосочетавшихся
|опись<br>
|marriages (literally: about those who were married)<br>
|list, inventory, series<br>
|-
|-
|о разведшихся
|оплатить<br>
|divorces (literally: about those who were divorced)
|to pay<br>
|-
|-
|об умершихъ
|опструкция, обструкция
|deaths (literally: about those who died)<br>
|obstruction
|}
 
<br>
 
===П===
 
{| width="70%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
|опухоль<br>
|'''English'''
|tumor, swelling<br>
|-
|-
|падчерица<br>
|осень<br>
|stepdaughter<br>
|autumn, fall<br>
|-
|-
|палач<br>
|осенью<br>
|butcher, executioner<br>
|in the autumn, in the fall<br>
|-
|-
|папа<br>
|основание<br>
|papa, dad<br>
|basis, foundation<br>
|-
|-
|паспорт<br>
|оспа<br>
|passport<br>
|smallpox<br>
|-
|-
|паспортный<br>
|от<br>
|passport (adj.)<br>
|from<br>
|-
|-
|пасынок<br>
|отлел
|stepson<br>
|department, office
|-
|-
|пачерица
|отец<br>
|step daughter
|father<br>
|-
|-
|паяльщик<br>
|отставка<br>
|tinsmith, plumber<br>
|retirement, discharge<br>
|-
|-
|пекарь<br>
|отставной<br>
|baker<br>
|retired<br>
|-
|-
|первый<br>
|отсуствующий<br>
|first<br>
|absent<br>
|-
|-
|перевозчик<br>
|отчество<br>
|ferryman<br>
|patronymic<br>
|-
|-
|переплётчик<br>
|отчим<br>
|bookbinder<br>
|stepfather<br>
|-
|-
|печатник<br>
|охрана<br>
|printer<br>
|guard<br>
|-
|-
|печать<br>
|о родившихся
|stamp, seal, press<br>
|births (literally: about those who were born)
|-
|-
|писарь<br>
|о бракосочетавшихся
|clerk, scribe<br>
|marriages (literally: about those who were married)<br>
|-
|-
|племянник<br>
|о разведшихся
|nephew<br>
|divorces (literally: about those who were divorced)
|-
|-
|племянница<br>
|об умершихъ
|niece<br>
|deaths (literally: about those who died)<br>
|}
 
<br>
 
===П===
 
{| width="70%" border="1"
|-
|-
|плотник<br>
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
|carpenter<br>
|'''English'''
|-
|-
|повар<br>
|падучя
|cook<br>
|epilepsy
|-
|-
|повинность<br>
|падчерица<br>
|obligation<br>
|stepdaughter<br>
|-
|-
|после
|палач<br>
|after
|butcher, executioner<br>
|-
|-
|пограничная стража
|папа<br>
|border corps
|papa, dad<br>
|-
|-
|погребение<br>
|паралижя
|burial<br>
|paralysis
|-
|-
|подать<br>
|паралич
|to submit<br>
|palsy
|-
|-
|поденщик<br>
|паспорт<br>
|day laborer<br>
|passport<br>
|-
|-
|подлинник<br>
|паспортный<br>
|original<br>
|passport (adj.)<br>
|-
|-
|подлиный
|пасынок<br>
|
|stepson<br>
authentic<br>
 
|-
|-
|подпись<br>
|пачерица
|signature<br>
|step daughter
|-
|-
|подпоручик
|паяльщик<br>
|second lieutenant
|tinsmith, plumber<br>
|-
|-
|пожар<br>
|пекарь<br>
|fire<br>
|baker<br>
|-
|-
|пожарный<br>
|первый<br>
|fireman<br>
|first<br>
|-
|-
|пожилой<br>
|перевозчик<br>
|elderly<br>
|ferryman<br>
|-
|-
|позволение<br>
|переплётчик<br>
|permission<br>
|bookbinder<br>
|-
|-
|покойник<br>
|печатник<br>
|the deceased (m.)<br>
|printer<br>
|-
|-
|покойница<br>
|печать<br>
|the deceased (f.)<br>
|stamp, seal, press<br>
|-
|-
|покойный<br>
|писарь<br>
|deceased, late<br>
|clerk, scribe<br>
|-
|-
|пол<br>
|письмоводитель
|gender, sex<br>
|clerk
|-
|-
|полагать<br>
|племянник<br>
|to suppose, to propose<br>
|nephew<br>
|-
|-
|полдень<br>
|племянница<br>
|noon, midday<br>
|niece<br>
|-
|-
|полк<br>
|плотник<br>
|regiment<br>
|carpenter<br>
|-
|-
|полковник<br>
|повар<br>
|colonel<br>
|cook<br>
|-
|-
|полночь<br>
|повинность<br>
|midnight<br>
|obligation<br>
|-
|-
|получить<br>
|после
|to receive<br>
|after
|-
|-
|понедельник<br>
|пограничная стража
|Monday<br>
|border corps
|-
|-
|по полудни<br>
|погребение<br>
|in the afternoon<br>
|burial<br>
|-
|-
|по полуночи<br>
|подать<br>
|after midnight<br>
|to submit<br>
|-
|-
|портниха<br>
|поденщик<br>
|dressmaker<br>
|day laborer<br>
|-
|-
|портной<br>
|подлинник<br>
|tailor<br>
|original<br>
|-
|-
|поручитель<br>
|подлиный
|bondsman, guarantor<br>
|
authentic<br>
 
|-
|-
|поселенец<br>
|подпись<br>
|settler<br>
|signature<br>
|-
|-
|поселение<br>
|подпоручик
|settlement<br>
|second lieutenant
|-
|-
|посемйные списки<br>
|пожар<br>
|family lists <br>
|fire<br>
|-
|-
|послужной список<br>
|пожарный<br>
|service record<br>
|fireman<br>
|-
|-
|пособие<br>
|пожилой<br>
|allowance, benefit, welfare<br>
|elderly<br>
|-
|-
|постоянный<br>
|позволение<br>
|permanent<br>
|permission<br>
|-
|-
|потомок<br>
|покойник<br>
|descendant, offspring<br>
|the deceased (m.)<br>
|-
|-
|потомок по прямой линии<br>
|покойница<br>
|direct discendant<br>
|the deceased (f.)<br>
|-
|-
|потомственный<br>
|покойный<br>
|hereditary<br>
|deceased, late<br>
|-
|-
|потомство<br>
|пол<br>
|posterity, descendants<br>
|gender, sex<br>
|-
|-
|похоронен<br>
|полагать<br>
|buried (m.)<br>
|to suppose, to propose<br>
|-
|-
|похоронена<br>
|полдень<br>
|buried (f.)<br>
|noon, midday<br>
|-
|-
|похороны<br>
|полк<br>
|burial<br>
|regiment<br>
|-
|-
|почётные граждане
|полковник<br>
|honorary citizens, an elite social class, could be hereditary or personal.
|colonel<br>
|-
|-
|почтальон<br>
|полночь<br>
|mailman<br>
|midnight<br>
|-
|-
|прабабушка<br>
|получить<br>
|great grandmother<br>
|to receive<br>
|-
|-
|правнук<br>
|понедельник<br>
|great grandson<br>
|Monday<br>
|-
|-
|правнучка<br>
|понос
|great grandaughter<br>
|diarrhea
|-
|-
|православный, православное вероисповедание<br>
|по полудни<br>
|Orthodox Christian, Russian Orthodox<br>
|in the afternoon<br>
|-
|-
|прадед<br>
|по полуночи<br>
|great grandfather<br>
|after midnight<br>
|-
|-
|прапрабабушка<br>
|порока сердца
|great great grandmother<br>
|heart disease
|-
|-
|прапрадед<br>
|портниха<br>
|great great grandfather<br>
|dressmaker<br>
|-
|-
|прародитель<br>
|портной<br>
|progenitor<br>
|tailor<br>
|-
|-
|предбрачные свидетельства<br>
|поручитель<br>
|premaritial certificantes documenting that the bride and groom are not related<br>
|bondsman, guarantor<br>
|-
|-
|предок<br>
|порушения
|ancestro, forefather<br>
|collapse, fall
|-
|-
|представить<br>
|поселенец<br>
|to produce, to resent<br>
|settler<br>
|-
|-
|предшествовать<br>
|поселение<br>
|to precede<br>
|settlement<br>
|-
|-
|привилегированный
|посемйные списки<br>
|privileged, favored
|family lists <br>
|-
|-
|призвание<br>
|послужной список<br>
|vocation, calling<br>
|service record<br>
|-
|-
|призывник<br>
|пособие<br>
|conscript<br>
|allowance, benefit, welfare<br>
|-
|-
|призывные списки<br>
|постоянный<br>
|recruitment lists<br>
|permanent<br>
|-
|-
|приказчик<br>
|потомок<br>
|shop assistnace, salesman<br>
|descendant, offspring<br>
|-
|-
|призрев., призреваемый
|потомок по прямой линии<br>
|a ward (child under protection of a guardian)
|direct discendant<br>
|-
|-
|призивные списки
|потомственный<br>
|conscription lists
|hereditary<br>
|-
|-
|принадлежать<br>
|потомственный почетный
|to belong to<br>
|hereditary honorary citizen, or a hereditary elite social class
|-
|-
|принять<br>
|потомство<br>
|to accept, to receive<br>
|posterity, descendants<br>
|-
|-
|прислуг
|похоронен<br>
|servant (m.)
|buried (m.)<br>
|-
|-
|прислуга
|похоронена<br>
|servant (f.)
|buried (f.)<br>
|-
|-
|присутствие<br>
|похороны<br>
|presence<br>
|burial<br>
|-
|-
|присутствующий<br>
|почётные граждане
|to be present, in attendance<br>
|honorary citizens, an elite social class, could be hereditary or personal.
|-
|-
|приход<br>
|почтальон<br>
|parish, ward<br>
|mailman<br>
|-
|-
|приходский<br>
|прабабушка<br>
|parish, ward (adj.)<br>
|great grandmother<br>
|-
|-
|причат<br>
|правнук<br>
|clergy<br>
|great grandson<br>
|-
|-
|приют<br>
|правнучка<br>
|orphanage<br>
|great grandaughter<br>
|-
|-
|продавец<br>
|православный, православное вероисповедание<br>
|salesman<br>
|Orthodox Christian, Russian Orthodox<br>
|-
|-
|продолжение<br>
|прадед<br>
|continuation<br>
|great grandfather<br>
|-
|-
|происходить<br>
|прапрабабушка<br>
|to descend<br>
|great great grandmother<br>
|-
|-
|происхождение<br>
|прапрадед<br>
|descent, origin<br>
|great great grandfather<br>
|-
|-
|произойти<br>
|прародитель<br>
|to descend from<br>
|progenitor<br>
|-
|-
|прошение<br>
|предбрачные свидетельства<br>
|request (noun)<br>
|premaritial certificates documenting that the bride and groom are not related<br>
|-
|-
|псаломщик
|предок<br>
|acolyte, parish clerk
|ancestro, forefather<br>
|-
|-
|пятидесятый<br>
|представить<br>
|fiftieth<br>
|to produce, to resent<br>
|-
|-
|пятисотый<br>
|предшествовать<br>
|five hundredth<br>
|to precede<br>
|-
|-
|пятнадцатый<br>
|привилегированный
|fifteenth<br>
|privileged, favored
|-
|-
|пятница<br>
|призвание<br>
|Friday<br>
|vocation, calling<br>
|-
|-
|пятый<br>
|призывник<br>
|fifth<br>
|conscript<br>
|-
|-
|пять<br>
|призывные списки<br>
|five<br>
|recruitment lists<br>
|-
|-
|пятьдесят<br>
|приказчик<br>
|fivty<br>
|shop assistnace, salesman<br>
|-
|-
|пятьсот<br>
|призрев., призреваемый
|five hundred<br>
|a ward (child under protection of a guardian)
|}
 
<br>
 
===Р===
 
{| width="70%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
|призивные списки
|'''English'''
|conscription lists
|-
|-
|раб<br>
|принадлежать<br>
|slave<br>
|to belong to<br>
|-
|-
|работа<br>
|принять<br>
|work<br>
|to accept, to receive<br>
|-
|-
|работник<br>
|прислуг
|laborer (m.)<br>
|servant (m.)
|-
|-
|работница<br>
|прислуга
|laborer (f.)<br>
|servant (f.)
|-
|-
|рабочий<br>
|присутствие<br>
|worker<br>
|presence<br>
|-
|-
|раввин<br>
|присутствующий<br>
|rabbi<br>
|to be present, in attendance<br>
|-
|-
|район<br>
|приход<br>
|district, raion (modern term)<br>
|parish, ward<br>
|-
|-
|развалины
|приходский<br>
|ruins, remains
|parish, ward (adj.)<br>
|-
|-
|разведённый<br>
|причат<br>
|divorced<br>
|clergy<br>
|-
|-
|развод<br>
|приют<br>
|divorce<br>
|orphanage<br>
|-
|-
|размещенный
|продавец<br>
|placed, situated, located, hosted (adj.)
|salesman<br>
|-
|-
|разносчик<br>
|продолжение<br>
|peddler<br>
|continuation<br>
|-
|-
|разрешение<br>
|происходить<br>
|permission<br>
|to descend<br>
|-
|-
|разряд<br>
|происхождение<br>
|level, degree, rank<br>
|descent, origin<br>
|-
|-
|рак<br>
|произойти<br>
|cancer<br>
|to descend from<br>
|-
|-
| раскольник<br>
|прошение<br>
| dissenter, dissident, nonconformist
|request (noun)<br>
|-
|-
|ребёнок<br>
|псаломщик
|child<br>
|acolyte, parish clerk
|-
|-
|ревизские сказки
|пятидесятый<br>
|revision Lists
|fiftieth<br>
|-
|-
|реестр<br>
|пятисотый<br>
|register<br>
|five hundredth<br>
|-
|-
|рекрутские списки
|пятнадцатый<br>
|recruitment lists
|fifteenth<br>
|-
|-
|религиозный<br>
|пятница<br>
|religious<br>
|Friday<br>
|-
|-
|религия<br>
|пятый<br>
|religion, faith<br>
|fifth<br>
|-
|-
|ремесленник<br>
|пять<br>
|artisan, journeyman<br>
|five<br>
|-
|-
|ремесло<br>
|пятьдесят<br>
|trade, occupation<br>
|fivty<br>
|-
|-
|род<br>
|пятьсот<br>
|birth, family, kin, sort, type<br>
|five hundred<br>
|}
 
<br>
 
===Р===
 
{| width="70%" border="1"
|-
|-
|родивщихся
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
|those who were born
|'''English'''
|-
|-
|родилась<br>
|раб<br>
|was born (f.)<br>
|slave<br>
|-
|-
|родились<br>
|работа<br>
|were born<br>
|work<br>
|-
|-
|родился<br>
|работник<br>
|was born (m.0<br>
|laborer (m.)<br>
|-
|-
|родина<br>
|работница<br>
|native land<br>
|laborer (f.)<br>
|-
|-
|родители<br>
|рабочий<br>
|parents<br>
|worker<br>
|-
|-
|родиться<br>
|раввин<br>
|to be born<br>
|rabbi<br>
|-
|-
|родовой<br>
|район<br>
|ancestral<br>
|district, raion (modern term)<br>
|-
|-
|родом<br>
|развалины
|by origin<br>
|ruins, remains
|-
|-
|родоначальник<br>
|разведённый<br>
|ancestor (first generation of a clan)<br>
|divorced<br>
|-
|-
|родословная<br>
|развод<br>
|genealogy, pedigree (book)<br>
|divorce<br>
|-
|-
|родословная книга<br>
|размещенный
|ancestry book<br>
|placed, situated, located, hosted (adj.)
|-
|-
|родословный<br>
|разносчик<br>
|genealogical<br>
|peddler<br>
|-
|-
|родственник<br>
|разрешение<br>
|relative (m.)<br>
|permission<br>
|-
|-
|родственница<br>
|разряд<br>
|(relative (f.)<br>
|level, degree, rank<br>
|-
|-
|родство<br>
|рак<br>
|relationship, kinship<br>
|cancer<br>
|-
|-
|роды<br>
|рак груди/рак в груде
|childbirth<br>
|breast cancer
|-
|-
|рождение<br>
|рак кожи
|birth<br>
|skin cancer
|-
|-
|рождения<br>
|рак легкого
|births<br>
|lung cancer
|-
|-
|Рождество<br>
|рак желудка/рак в желудке
|Christmas<br>
|stomach cancer
|-
|-
|роспись<br>
| раскольник<br>
|inventory, list<br>
| dissenter, dissident, nonconformist
|-
|-
|рот<br>
|ребёнок<br>
|mouth<br>
|child<br>
|-
|-
|русский, русская
|ревизские сказки
|Russian (male, female)
|revision Lists
|-
|-
|русый<br>
|реестр<br>
|light brown<br>
|register<br>
|-
|-
|рыбяк<br>
|рекрутские списки
|fisherman<br>
|recruitment lists
|-
|-
|рыжий<br>
|религиозный<br>
|red-haired<br>
|religious<br>
|-
|-
|рядовой<br>
|религия<br>
|ordinary (soldier)<br>
|religion, faith<br>
|}
 
<br>
 
===С===
 
{| width="70%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
|ремесленник<br>
|'''English'''
|artisan, journeyman<br>
|-
|-
|cмерти
|ремесло<br>
|death
|trade, occupation<br>
|-
|-
|с<br>
|род<br>
|from, with<br>
|birth, family, kin, sort, type<br>
|-
|-
|садовник<br>
|родивщихся
|gardener<br>
|those who were born
|-
|-
|сам<br>
|родилась<br>
|self (m.)<br>
|was born (f.)<br>
|-
|-
|сама<br>
|родились<br>
|self (f.)<br>
|were born<br>
|-
|-
|сами<br>
|родился<br>
|selves<br>
|was born (m.0<br>
|-
|-
|сапожник<br>
|родина<br>
|cobbler, shoemaker<br>
|native land<br>
|-
|-
|сват
|родители<br>
|father of the son-in-law or daughter-in-law
|parents<br>
|-
|-
|сватья
|родиться<br>
|mother of the son-in-law or daughter-in-law
|to be born<br>
|-
|-
|свёкор<br>
|родовой<br>
|father-in-law (husband's father)<br>
|ancestral<br>
|-
|-
|свекровь<br>
|родом<br>
|mother-in-law (husband's mother)<br>
|by origin<br>
|-
|-
|светлый<br>
|родоначальник<br>
|light (adj.)<br>
|ancestor (first generation of a clan)<br>
|-
|-
|свидетель, свидетели
|родословная<br>
|witness, witnesses
|genealogy, pedigree (book)<br>
|-
|-
|свидетельство<br>
|родословная книга<br>
|certificate, evidence, testimony<br>
|ancestry book<br>
|-
|-
|свидетельствовать/ за-<br>
|родословный<br>
|to witness, to certify<br>
|genealogical<br>
|-
|-
|своебременно<br>
|родственник<br>
|timely<br>
|relative (m.)<br>
|-
|-
|свояченица<br>
|родственница<br>
|sister-in-law (wife's sister)<br>
|(relative (f.)<br>
|-
|-
|святое причастие<br>
|родство<br>
|holy communion, the Lord's supper<br>
|relationship, kinship<br>
|-
|-
|святой<br>
|роды<br>
|holy<br>
|childbirth<br>
|-
|-
|священник<br>
|рождение<br>
|priest, clergyman<br>
|birth<br>
|-
|-
|север<br>
|рождения<br>
|north<br>
|births<br>
|-
|-
|северный<br>
|Рождество<br>
|northern<br>
|Christmas<br>
|-
|-
|сегодня<br>
|рaзрыв сердца
|today<br>
|broken heart
|-
|-
|сегодняшний
|роспись<br>
|today's, this day (adj.)
|inventory, list<br>
|-
|-
|седой<br>
|рот<br>
|gray-haired<br>
|mouth<br>
|-
|-
|седмой<br>
|русский, русская
|seventh<br>
|Russian (male, female)
|-
|-
|село<br>
|русый<br>
|village (with a church)<br>
|light brown<br>
|-
|-
|семидесятый<br>
|рыбяк<br>
|seventieth<br>
|fisherman<br>
|-
|-
|семисотый<br>
|рыжий<br>
|seven hundredth<br>
|red-haired<br>
|-
|-
|семнадцать<br>
|рядовой<br>
|seventeen<br>
|ordinary (soldier)<br>
|}
 
<br>
 
===С===
 
{| width="70%" border="1"
|-
|-
|семь<br>
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
|seven<br>
|'''English'''
|-
|-
|семьдесят<br>
|cмерти
|seventy<br>
|death
|-
|-
|семьсот<br>
|с<br>
|seven hundred<br>
|from, with<br>
|-
|-
|семья<br>
|садовник<br>
|family<br>
|gardener<br>
|-
|-
|сентябрь<br>
|сам<br>
|September<br>
|self (m.)<br>
|-
|-
|серый<br>
|сама<br>
|gray<br>
|self (f.)<br>
|-
|-
|сестра<br>
|сами<br>
|sister<br>
|selves<br>
|-
|-
|сирота<br>
|сапожник<br>
|orphan<br>
|cobbler, shoemaker<br>
|-
|-
|скарлатина<br>
|сват
|scarlet fever<br>
|father of the son-in-law or daughter-in-law
|-
|-
|скончалась<br>
|сватья
|died (f.)<br>
|mother of the son-in-law or daughter-in-law
|-
|-
|скончался<br>
|свёкор<br>
|died (m.)<br>
|father-in-law (husband's father)<br>
|-
|-
|скорняк<br>
|свекровь<br>
|Furrier<br>
|mother-in-law (husband's mother)<br>
|-
|-
|слепой<br>
|светлый<br>
|blind<br>
|light (adj.)<br>
|-
|-
|слесарь<br>
|свидетель, свидетели
|locksmith, metalworker<br>
|witness, witnesses
|-
|-
|слуга<br>
|свидетельство<br>
|servant (m.)<br>
|certificate, evidence, testimony<br>
|-
|-
|служанка<br>
|свидетельствовать/ за-<br>
|servant (f.)<br>
|to witness, to certify<br>
|-
|-
|служащий<br>
|своебременно<br>
|employee, perfessional<br>
|timely<br>
|-
|-
|служба<br>
|свояченица<br>
|service, work<br>
|sister-in-law (wife's sister)<br>
|-
|-
|смерти<br>
|святое причастие<br>
|deaths<br>
|holy communion, the Lord's supper<br>
|-
|-
|смерть<br>
|святой<br>
|death<br>
|holy<br>
|-
|-
|сноха<br>
|священник<br>
|daughter-in-law<br>
|priest, clergyman<br>
|-
|-
|собор<br>
|север<br>
|cathedral<br>
|north<br>
|-
|-
|собрание<br>
|северный<br>
|assembly, meeting<br>
|northern<br>
|-
|-
|совершеннолетие<br>
|сегодня<br>
|legal age, majority<br>
|today<br>
|-
|-
|совершить<br>
|сегодняшний
|to perform<br>
|today's, this day (adj.)
|-
|-
|согласно<br>
|седой<br>
|according to, agreed<br>
|gray-haired<br>
|-
|-
|содержание<br>
|седмой<br>
|content<br>
|seventh<br>
|-
|-
|соединать браком<br>
|село<br>
|to marry<br>
|village (with a church)<br>
|-
|-
|сожительница
|семидесятый<br>
|concubine, cohabitor
|seventieth<br>
|-
|-
|солдат<br>
|семисотый<br>
|soldier<br>
|seven hundredth<br>
|-
|-
|сорок<br>
|семнадцать<br>
|forty<br>
|seventeen<br>
|-
|-
|сороковой<br>
|семь<br>
|fortieth<br>
|seven<br>
|-
|-
|сословие<br>
|семьдесят<br>
|estate, class, social standing<br>
|seventy<br>
|-
|-
|состоялось<br>
|семьсот<br>
|it happened<br>
|seven hundred<br>
|-
|-
|состояние<br>
|семья<br>
|status, state, condition, situation<br>
|family<br>
|-
|-
|состояться<br>
|сентябрь<br>
|to take place, happen<br>
|September<br>
|-
|-
|сотник<br>
|серый<br>
|commander of 100 men<br>
|gray<br>
|-
|-
|сотый<br>
|сестра<br>
|one hundredth<br>
|sister<br>
|-
|-
|сочетать брак<br>
|сирота<br>
|to marry (to)<br>
|orphan<br>
|-
|-
|среда<br>
|скарлатина<br>
|Wedmesday<br>
|scarlet fever<br>
|-
|-
|средный<br>
|скончалась<br>
|medium (adj.)<br>
|died (f.)<br>
|-
|-
|ссылный<br>
|скончался<br>
|exile, convict<br>
|died (m.)<br>
|-
|-
|ссылка<br>
|скорняк<br>
|see..., refer to...; exile, deportation<br>
|Furrier<br>
|-
|-
|старость<br>
|слепой<br>
|old age<br>
|blind<br>
|-
|-
|старый<br>
|слесарь<br>
|old<br>
|locksmith, metalworker<br>
|-
|-
|стеклодув<br>
|слобода
|glass blower<br>
|settlement
|-
|-
|сто<br>
|слуга<br>
|one hundred<br>
|servant (m.)<br>
|-
|-
|столяр<br>
|служанка<br>
|joiner<br>
|servant (f.)<br>
|-
|-
|сторож<br>
|служащий<br>
|watchman, guard<br>
|employee, perfessional<br>
|-
|-
|стража<br>
|служба<br>
|guard<br>
|service, work<br>
|-
|-
|страна<br>
|смерти<br>
|country<br>
|deaths<br>
|-
|-
|стрелок<br>
|смерть<br>
|rifleman, marksman<br>
|death<br>
|-
|-
|строитель<br>
|сноха<br>
|construction worker<br>
|daughter-in-law<br>
|-
|-
|суббота<br>
|собор<br>
|Saturday<br>
|cathedral<br>
|-
|-
|суд<br>
|собрание<br>
|court<br>
|assembly, meeting<br>
|-
|-
|судебный<br>
|собственник/собственница
|judicial<br>
|owner
|-
|-
|судья<br>
|совершеннолетие<br>
|judge<br>
|legal age, majority<br>
|-
|-
|сумашедший<br>
|совершить<br>
|insance<br>
|to perform<br>
|-
|согласно<br>
|according to, agreed<br>
|-
|-
|супруг<br>
|содержание<br>
|spouse (m.)<br>
|content<br>
|-
|-
|супруга<br>
|соединать браком<br>
|spouse (f.)<br>
|to marry<br>
|-
|-
|супруги<br>
|сожительница
|married couple<br>
|concubine, cohabitor
|-
|-
|супружество<br>
|солдат<br>
|matrimony<br>
|soldier<br>
|-
|-
|сутки<br>
|сорок<br>
|day (and night), 24 hours<br>
|forty<br>
|-
|-
|счетовод<br>
|сороковой<br>
|accountant, bookkeeper<br>
|fortieth<br>
|-
|-
|сын<br>
|сословие<br>
|son<br>
|estate, class, social standing<br>
|}
 
<br>
 
===Т===
 
{| width="70%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
|состоялось<br>
|'''English'''
|it happened<br>
|-
|-
|таинство<br>
|состояние<br>
|ordinance, rite, sacrament<br>
|status, state, condition, situation<br>
|-
|-
|текущий
|состояться<br>
|current
|to take place, happen<br>
|-
|-
|тёмный<br>
|сотник<br>
|dark<br>
|commander of 100 men<br>
|-
|-
|тесть<br>
|сотый<br>
|father-in-law (wife's father)<br>
|one hundredth<br>
|-
|-
|тётя<br>
|сочетать брак<br>
|aunt<br>
|to marry (to)<br>
|-
|-
|тёща<br>
|среда<br>
|mother-in-law (wife's mother)<br>
|Wedmesday<br>
|-
|-
|ткач<br>
|средный<br>
|weaver (m.)<br>
|medium (adj.)<br>
|-
|-
|ткачиха<br>
|ссылный<br>
|weaver (f.)<br>
|exile, convict<br>
|-
|-
|то есть (т. е.)<br>
|ссылка<br>
|i.e. that is<br>
|see..., refer to...; exile, deportation<br>
|-
|-
|тоже<br>
|старость<br>
|also<br>
|old age<br>
|-
|-
|токарь<br>
|старый<br>
|lathe turner<br>
|old<br>
|-
|-
|тонуть<br>
|стеклодув<br>
|to drown<br>
|glass blower<br>
|-
|-
|торговец<br>
|сто<br>
|merchant, dealer<br>
|one hundred<br>
|-
|-
|третий<br>
|столяр<br>
|third<br>
|joiner<br>
|-
|-
|трёхсотый<br>
|сторож<br>
|three hundredth<br>
|watchman, guard<br>
|-
|-
|три<br>
|стража<br>
|three<br>
|guard<br>
|-
|-
|тридцатый<br>
|страна<br>
|thirtieth<br>
|country<br>
|-
|-
|тридцать<br>
|стрелок<br>
|thirty<br>
|rifleman, marksman<br>
|-
|-
|тринадватый<br>
|строитель<br>
|thirteenth<br>
|construction worker<br>
|-
|-
|тринадцать<br>
|суббота<br>
|thirteen<br>
|Saturday<br>
|-
|-
|триста<br>
|суд<br>
|three hundred<br>
|court<br>
|-
|-
|трубочист<br>
|судебный<br>
|chimney sweep<br>
|judicial<br>
|-
|-
|туберклулёз лёгких<br>
|судья<br>
|consumption<br>
|judge<br>
|-
|-
|тысяча<br>
|сумашедший<br>
|one thousand<br>
|insance<br>
|-
|-
|тысячный<br>
|супруг<br>
|one thousandth<br>
|spouse (m.)<br>
|-
|-
|тюрма<br>
|супруга<br>
|prison<br>
|spouse (f.)<br>
|-
|супруги<br>
|married couple<br>
|-
|супружество<br>
|matrimony<br>
|-
|сутки<br>
|day (and night), 24 hours<br>
|-
|счетовод<br>
|accountant, bookkeeper<br>
|-
|сын<br>
|son<br>
|}
|}


<br>
<br>


===У===
===Т===


{| width="70%" border="1"
{| width="70%" border="1"
Line 2,897: Line 3,075:
|'''English'''
|'''English'''
|-
|-
|убийство<br>
|таинство<br>
|murder
|ordinance, rite, sacrament<br>
|-
|-
|убийца<br>
|текущий
|murderer, killer
|current
|-
|-
|уволенный<br>
|тёмный<br>
|dismissed, discharged
|dark<br>
|-
|-
|удар<br>
|тесть<br>
|stroke
|father-in-law (wife's father)<br>
|-
|-
|удостоверение<br>
|тётя<br>
|certificate
|aunt<br>
|-
|-
|удостоверить(ся)<br>
|тёща<br>
|to certify, to witness, to assure oneself
|mother-in-law (wife's mother)<br>
|-
|-
|удочеренная<br>
|тиф
|adopted (of a daughter)
|typhus
|-
|-
|удочерение<br>
|ткач<br>
|adoption (of a daughter)
|weaver (m.)<br>
|-
|-
|удочерить<br>
|ткачиха<br>
|to adopt a daughter
|weaver (f.)<br>
|-
|-
|уезд<br>
|то есть (т. е.)<br>
|district, county, uyezd
|i.e. that is<br>
|-
|-
|указ<br>
|тоже<br>
|decree
|also<br>
|-
|-
|украинец, украинка
|токарь<br>
|Ukrainian (male, female)
|lathe turner<br>
|-
|-
|улица, ул.
|тонуть<br>
|street, st. (abbreviation)
|to drown<br>
|-
|-
|умер<br>
|торговец<br>
|died (masc.)
|merchant, dealer<br>
|-
|-
|умереть<br>
|третий<br>
|to die
|third<br>
|-
|-
|умерла<br>
|трёхсотый<br>
|died (fem.)
|three hundredth<br>
|-
|-
|умерший<br>
|три<br>
|deceased
|three<br>
|-
|-
|уметь<br>
|тридцатый<br>
|to know how
|thirtieth<br>
|-
|-
|унтер-офицер
|тридцать<br>
|non-commissioned officer, petty officer
|thirty<br>
|-
|-
|уродливый<br>
|тринадватый<br>
|deformed (masc.)
|thirteenth<br>
|-
|-
|урохдённая<br>
|тринадцать<br>
|born as, née (in front of maiden name)
|thirteen<br>
|-
|-
|урядник<br>
|триста<br>
|sergeant, or Don Cossacks under-officer
|three hundred<br>
|-
|-
|усыновление<br>
|трубочист<br>
|adoption (of a son)
|chimney sweep<br>
|-
|-
|усыновленный<br>
|туберклулёз лёгких<br>
|adopted (of a son)
|consumption<br>
|-
|-
|усыновить<br>
|тысяча<br>
|to adopt a son
|one thousand<br>
|-
|-
|утопнуть<br>
|тысячный<br>
|to drown
|one thousandth<br>
|-
|-
|утра, утром<br>
|тюрма<br>
|morning (n.), in the morning (adv.)
|prison<br>
|-
|утро<br>
|morning (n.)
|-
|ученик<br>
|pupil, apprentice
|-
|учёный<br>
|scholar (n.), learned (adj.)
|-
|учитель<br>
|teacher (masc.)
|-
|учительница<br>
|teacher (fem.)
|}
|}


<br>
<br>


===Ф===
===У===


{| width="70%" border="1"
{| width="70%" border="1"
Line 3,003: Line 3,166:
|'''English'''
|'''English'''
|-
|-
|фабрикант<br>
|убийство<br>
|manufacturer<br>
|murder
|-
|-
|фамилия<br>
|убийца<br>
|surname, family<br>
|murderer, killer
|-
|уволенный<br>
|dismissed, discharged
|-
|-
|февраль<br>
|удар<br>
|February<br>
|stroke
|-
|-
|фольварк
|удостоверение<br>
|manor farm
|certificate
|-
|-
|фонд<br>
|удостоверить(ся)<br>
|record group<br>
|to certify, to witness, to assure oneself
|}
 
<br>
 
===Х===
 
{| width="70%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
|удочеренная<br>
|'''English'''
|adopted (of a daughter)
|-
|-
|хозяин<br>
|удочерение<br>
|landowner, proprietor<br>
|adoption (of a daughter)
|-
|-
|холод<br>
|удочерить<br>
|cold<br>
|to adopt a daughter
|-
|-
|холостой<br>
|удушья
|single, unmarrier<br>
|difficulty breathing
|-
|-
|холость<br>
|уезд<br>
|single man, bachelor<br>
|district, county, uyezd
|-
|указ<br>
|decree
|-
|-
|холостяк<br>
|украинец, украинка
|bachelor<br>
|Ukrainian (male, female)
|-
|-
|хромой<br>
|улица, ул.
|lame, limping<br>
|street, st. (abbreviation)
|}
 
<br>
 
===Ц===
 
{| width="70%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
|умер<br>
|'''English'''
|died (masc.)
|-
|-
|цвет<br>
|умереть<br>
|color<br>
|to die
|-
|-
|церковь<br>
|умерла<br>
|church<br>
|died (fem.)
|-
|-
|цыган<br>
|умерший<br>
|Gypsy<br>
|deceased
|}
 
<br>
 
===Ч===
 
{| width="70%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
|уметь<br>
|'''English'''
|to know how
|-
|-
|час <br>
|унтер-офицер
|hour, time<br>
|non-commissioned officer, petty officer
|-
|-
|часовщик<br>
|уродливый<br>
|watchmaker<br>
|deformed (masc.)
|-
|-
|чахотка<br>
|урохдённая<br>
|consumption<br>
|born as, née (in front of maiden name)
|-
|-
|четверг<br>
|урядник<br>
|Thursday<br>
|sergeant, or Don Cossacks under-officer
|-
|-
|четвёртый<br>
|усыновление<br>
|fourth<br>
|adoption (of a son)
|-
|-
|четыре<br>
|усыновленный<br>
|four<br>
|adopted (of a son)
|-
|-
|четыреста<br>
|усыновить<br>
|four hundred<br>
|to adopt a son
|-
|-
|четырёхсотый<br>
|утопнуть<br>
|four hundredth<br>
|to drown
|-
|-
|четырнадцать<br>
|утопший/утопшая
|fourteen<br>
|drowned
|-
|-
|чёрное духовенство
|утра, утром<br>
|clergy who have taken a monastic vow (not allowed to have a wife or children)
|morning (n.), in the morning (adv.)
|-
|-
|чин<br>
|утро<br>
|rank, grade<br>
|morning (n.)
|-
|-
|чиновник<br>
|ученик<br>
|official, bureaucrat<br>
|pupil, apprentice
|-
|-
|число<br>
|учёный<br>
|date, number<br>
|scholar (n.), learned (adj.)
|-
|-
|член<br>
|учитель<br>
|member<br>
|teacher (masc.)
|-
|-
|что<br>
|учительница<br>
|what, that<br>
|teacher (fem.)
|}
 
<br>
 
===Ф===
 
{| width="70%" border="1"
|-
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
|'''English'''
|-
|фабрикант<br>
|manufacturer<br>
|-
|фамилия<br>
|surname, family<br>
|-
|февраль<br>
|February<br>
|-
|фольварк
|manor farm
|-
|фонд<br>
|record group<br>
|}
 
<br>
 
===Х===
 
{| width="70%" border="1"
|-
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
|'''English'''
|-
|хозяин<br>
|landowner, proprietor<br>
|-
|холод<br>
|cold<br>
|-
|холостой<br>
|single, unmarrier<br>
|-
|холость<br>
|single man, bachelor<br>
|-
|холостяк<br>
|bachelor<br>
|-
|хромой<br>
|lame, limping<br>
|}
 
<br>
 
===Ц===
 
{| width="70%" border="1"
|-
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
|'''English'''
|-
|цвет<br>
|color<br>
|-
|церковь<br>
|church<br>
|-
|цыган<br>
|Gypsy<br>
|}
 
<br>
 
===Ч===
 
{| width="70%" border="1"
|-
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
|'''English'''
|-
|час <br>
|hour, time<br>
|-
|часовщик<br>
|watchmaker<br>
|-
|чахотка<br>
|consumption<br>
|-
|четверг<br>
|Thursday<br>
|-
|четвёртый<br>
|fourth<br>
|-
|четыре<br>
|four<br>
|-
|четыреста<br>
|four hundred<br>
|-
|четырёхсотый<br>
|four hundredth<br>
|-
|четырнадцать<br>
|fourteen<br>
|-
|чёрное духовенство
|clergy who have taken a monastic vow (not allowed to have a wife or children)
|-
|чин<br>
|rank, grade<br>
|-
|чиновник<br>
|official, bureaucrat<br>
|-
|чирей
|boil
|-
|число<br>
|date, number<br>
|-
|член<br>
|member<br>
|-
|что<br>
|what, that<br>
|-
|-
|чума<br>
|чума<br>
|plague<br>
|plague<br>
|}
|}
 
 
<br>
<br>
 
 
===Ш===
===Ш===
 
 
{| width="70%" border="1"
{| width="70%" border="1"
|-
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
|'''English'''
|-
|шахтёр<br>
|miner<br>
|-
|швер<br>
|seamstress<br>
|-
|шестидесятый<br>
|sixtieth<br>
|-
|шестисотый<br>
|six hundredth<br>
|-
|шестнадцать<br>
|sixteenth<br>
|-
|шестой<br>
|sixth<br>
|-
|шесть<br>
|six<br>
|-
|шестьсот<br>
|six hundred<br>
|-
|шинкарь<br>
|innkeeper, barkeeper<br>
|-
|-
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
|шкарлатина
|'''English'''
|scarlet fever
|-
|шахтёр<br>
|miner<br>
|-
|швер<br>
|seamstress<br>
|-
|шестидесятый<br>
|sixtieth<br>
|-
|шестисотый<br>
|six hundredth<br>
|-
|шестнадцать<br>
|sixteenth<br>
|-
|шестой<br>
|sixth<br>
|-
|шесть<br>
|six<br>
|-
|шестьсот<br>
|six hundred<br>
|-
|шинкарь<br>
|innkeeper, barkeeper<br>
|-
|-
|шорник<br>
|шорник<br>

Latest revision as of 18:16, 15 January 2025

Russian Genealogical
Word List
Map of Russian Speaking Areas.png
Downloadable Word List
Handwriting Help
Associated Countries

This list contains Russian word with their English translations. The words included here are those that you are likely to find in genealogical sources. If the word (or some form of it) that you are looking for is not on this list, please consult a Russian-English dictionary. A version of the Russian Genealogical Word List in PDF is also available.

To best make use of the genealogical word list, please read Russia Languages,

In Russian, the endings of most words vary according to gender, number, and usage in a sentence. Who—Whose—whom, or marry—marries—married are examples of words in English with variant forms. This word list gives only the basic forms of each Russian word, which usually also means the masculine. As you read Russian records, be aware that almost all word vary with usage, including names of people and places. It is important to recognize when a name is written in a different form and to not misinterpret it as another name.

Alphabetical Order

Аа Бб Вв Гг Дд Ee Ёё Жж Зз Ии Йй Kk Лл Mм Нн Oo Пп Pp Сс Тт Уу Фф Хх Цц Чч Шш Щщ Ъъ Ыы Ьь Ээ Юю Яя

No words begin with the hard sign (Ъъ) or the soft sign (Ьь), and very few with the letters Ёё, Йй, Щщ, or Ыы.

Prior to 1918, when the current Russian spelling reforms were instituted, the alphabet included letters no longer used. These were updated and changed. These letters include:

з Changed to (in certain positions) c
i Changed to и
ъ No longer used at the end of masculine words
ѣ Changed to e
θ Changed to ф
v Changed to и

Transliteration Aid

Transliteration is a conversion of text from one script to another. For example, the Russian word бракосочетание in Cyrillic script would be transliterated to “brakosochetanie” the English Romanized script.

бракосочетание --> brakosochetanie

There are different transliteration systems for the same language, so not all transliterations will be the same. Here is an automatic online transliterator that is very helpful.

Transliterating Russian to English in One Step, online automatic transliterator by Steve Morse.

Transliteration allows us to pronounce and recognize words in scripts we are not familiar with. It can also help us turn a place name on an English document into a real Russian place name, as you can also transliterate from English to Russian.

Other Word Lists

Online Dictionaries

  • Gramota (online Russian dictionary in Russian)
  • Cambridge English-Russian Dictionary
  • Dict.com Russian-English Dictionary
  • Викисловар (Russian Wiktionary) this website is in Russian, but provides information regarding declension. Type a Russian word in the search box in the right hand corner (искать в Викисловаре) and press enter. Even if the word entered is declined (has a grammatical case ending), Wiktionary will redirect you to the original word (nominative case). A typical entry defines the word (if you are using Google Chrome, right click to translate the page to English to learn the definition of the word), as well as meanings, synonyms and often pronunciation. On the right hand side, you will find a table with the word declined in all cases. A translation of the table is included below. Using this table will allow you to easily determine which case your word is in.
Translation of Declension Table from Викисловарь
падеж (case) ед. ч. (singular) мн. ч (plural)
Им.(nominative)
Р. (genitive)
Д. (dative)
В. (accusative)
Тв. (instrumental)
Пр. (prepositional)

Variant forms of words

In Russian, the endings of most words vary according to gender, number, and usage in a sentence. Who—Whose—whom, or marry—marries—married are examples of words in English with variant forms. Many sources (word lists, dictionaries, etc.) give only the basic, or nominative and masculine form. As you read Russian records, be aware that almost all words vary with usage.

Gender

Russian words for persons, places, and things (nouns) are classified as masculine, feminine, or neuter. For example, брат (brother) is a masculine word, дочь (daughter) is a feminine word, and свидетельство (certificate) is a neuter word.

Words that describe persons, places or things (adjectives) will have either masculine, feminine, or neuter endings depending on what noun they are describing. For example, in Russian you would write старый брат (old brother), старая сестра (old sister), and старое свидетельство (old certificate). In dictionaries and in the “Russian Genealogical Word List” generally only the masculine form is given.

masculine feminine neuter found in word list as
старый старая старое старый (old)
глухой глухая - глухой (deaf)

Plurals

Plural forms of Russian words usually end in ы, и, а, or я. They are usually only found in the singular in dictionaries or in the word list.

singular plural translation
отец отцы father/fathers
муж мужья husband/husbands
жена жены wife/wives
книга книги book/books
место местa place/places

Noun declensions

The endings of Russian words can also vary depending on the grammatical uses of the words. Russian grammar requires specific endings (called “cases”) on nouns used in the possessive, as the object of a verb, and with a preposition, among others.

Adjectives also must match the nouns they modify in gender, quantity, and grammatical form (case). Russian nouns fall into several classes, each with its own set of grammatical endings. Many dictionaries have grammatical sections which show complete noun and adjective endings.

Noun Use Translation
город

города

городе

город

мер города

Я жул в городе

City

Mayor of the city

I lived in the city

сын

сына

сыну

сыном

сын

я крестил сына

я дал сыну

я ушёл с сыном

Son

I christened the son

I gave to the son

I left with the son

жена

жены

жену

жене

женой

жене

жена

дом жены

я видел жену

я дал жене

я ушёл ц женой

я думал о жене

Wife

Home of the wife

I saw the wife

I gave to the wife

I left with the wife

I thought about the wife

The changing of word endings is called “declension” and there are six different cases in Russian.

Given names

An important note is that it is essential to recognize when a name is written in a different form, and to avoid misinterpreting it as another name. For example, “the child of Ivan” would be “ребенок ивана.” That only means that “иван” is in a different case. It does NOT mean that is a feminine form of the name, that his name is different, that he has variant names, or that “ивана” is a different person than “иван.”

Verbs

Words that show action (verbs) also vary depending on who and how many are doing the action and whether the action is past, present, or future. The variation for verbs is called “conjugation.” For example, the Russian word жить (to live) will appear with various endings. Note that most but not all verbs follow this pattern:

Russian conjugation English conjugation
я живу I live
ты живёшь you live (informal)
он/она/кто живёт he/she/who lives
мы живём we live
вы живёте you live (formal)
они живут they live
она жил he lived
она жила she lived
они жили they lived

Names and Places

For words not typically found in dictionaries (place names and given/family names) try using the following resources:

Places:

List of Gubernia in the Russian Empire

Russia Gazetteers

Google

Russian Names:

Polish Names Written in Russian:

Use these resources to help you find the proper spelling of a Polish name. This handout will help you transliterate from Russian into Polish.

German Names Written in Russian:

This handout will help you transliterate from Russian into German.

Months of the Year

For months of the year in Cyrillic handwriting, see SGGEE handout, "Examples of how the months are handwritten"

Russian (nominative) Russian (Genitive) English
январь, Iенварь января January
февраль февраля February
март марта March
апрель апреля April
май мая May
июнь июня June
июль июля July
август августа August
сентябрь сентября September
октябрь октября October
ноябрь ноября November
декабрь декабря December

Cardinal Numbers

For numbers in cursive, see SGGEE Cyrillic Handouts.pdf.

Russian English
один one
два two
три three
четыре four
пять five
шесть six
семь seven
восемь eight
девять nine
десять ten
одиннадцать eleven
двенадцать twelve
тринадцать thirteen
четырнадцать fourteen
пятнадцать fifteen
шестнадцать sixteen
семнадцать seventeen
восемнадцать eighteen
девятнадцать nineteen
двадцать twenty
тридцать thirty
сорок forty
пятьдесят fifty
шестьдесят sixty
семьдесят seventy
восемьдесят eighty
девяносто ninety
сто one hundred
двести two hundred
триста three hundred
четыреста four hundred
пятьсот five hundred
шестьсот six hundred
семьсот seven hundred
восемьсот eight hundred
девятьсот nine hundred
тысяча one thousand
миллион one million

Ordinal Numbers

Russian English
первый first
второй second
третий third
четвёртый fourth
пятый fifth
шестой sixth
седьмой seventh
восьмой eighth
девятый ninth
десятый tenth
одиннадцатый eleventh
двенадцатый twelfth
тринадцатый thirteenth
четырнадцатый fourteenth
пятнадцатый fifteenth
шестнадцатый sixteenth
семнадцатый seventeenth
восемнадцатый eighteenth
девятнадцатый nineteenth
двадцатый twentieth
двадцать первый twenty first
тридцатый thirtieth
тридцать первый thirty first

General Word List

This general word list includes words commonly seen in genealogical sources. Numbers, months, and days of the week are listed.


A

Russian English
август
 August
адвокат
 lawyer
администратор
 administrator
акт
 document, record, certificate
акты гражданского состояния
 vital statistics
акушерка
 midwife
алфавитный список
 alphabetical list or index
апоплексия apoplexy
апрель
 April
арендатор
 tenant, leaseholder
армия
 army
артиллерист
 artilleryman
архив
 archive
архивист, архивариус
 archivist


Б

Russian Transliteration/English
бакалейщик
 Grocer
барышник
 horse dealer
батрак
 farm hand, hired hand
башмачник
 shoemaker
бедность
 poverty
бедный
 poor
бедняк
 pauper
беженец refugee
безземельный
 landless
белое духовенство clergy who have not taken a monastic vow (allowed to have a wife and children)
Благороднй

noble

благородство

nobility

близнец
 twin
близнецы
 twins
бобыль

poor landless peasant

богадельня
 poor house
болезнь
 illness, disease
болезнь лёгких
 lung disease, lung illness
болница
 hospital
болной
 sick
боль illness, sickness, pain
бондарь, бочар
 cooper
боярин
 boyar (m.) pre-1700 aristocrat
боярство
 the boyars
боярыня
 boyar, nobleman's wife
брак, бракосочетанние
brak, brakosochetannie
marriage
браконьер
 poacher
бракосочетание
 marriage
брат brother
брачный обыски pre-marital search of records, proving bride and groom are not related
брачный marital (adj.) conjugal
бременная pregnant
бродяга vagabond
бронхит; бронхитис bronchitis
булочник baker
бухгалтер bookkeeper
бывший former
быть to be
бюргер burgher


В

Russian English
в in, on, at
в час at one o'clock
вдова widow
вдовец widower
ведомость register, record, list
венчание wedding ceremony
веред boils
верность accuracy, correctness, truth
вероисповедание religion, faith, creed
весна spring
весной in the spring
весь all, whole, everything
ветеринар veterinarian
ветрянкя chicken pox
ветрянкя опаса chicken pox
вечер evening
вечера in the evening
вечером in the evening
взрослый adult
владелец bearer, owner, propietor
властный authoritative
внебрачный ребёнок illegitimate child
внук grandson
внучка granddaughter
водянка dropsy
водянка в голове dropsy of the head (likely Hydrocephalus)
военная служба military service
военные документы military records
военный military, soldier
возраст age
возчик coachman, carter
воинский military
война war
волость smaller, district, volost' (adm. unit)
волосы hair
восемнадцатый eighteenth
восемнадцать eighteen
восемьдесят eighty
восемьсот eight hundred
воскресенье Sunday
воспаление inflammation
воспаление кишок inflammation of the intestines
воспаление легких inflammation of the lungs
воспаление мозгова inflammation of the brain
восприемник godparent
восприемница godmother
восприемники godparents
восток east
восточный eastern
восьмидесятый eightieth
восьмисотый eight hundredth
восьмой eighth
время time
всё all, everyone, every
вся all, everyone, every
вступить в брак to get married (to enter marriage)
вступление в брак marriage (entering marriage, often used in giving the marriage date)
вступить на службу to go into the service
вторник Tuesday
второй second
вчера yesterday
вчерашний yesterday (adj)
выдать to issue
выкидыщ miscarriage
выписка extract, (record)
выслать to be send
высокий tall
выходить замуж to marry, to be married (fem)
вышесказанное the above mentioned

Г

Russian English
г. abbreviation for город (city)
гвардец guardsmen
гвардуия guards
где where
генварь general
генеалогия
 genealogy
герб coat of arms
герой hero
глаз eye
глухой blind
год year
голод hunger, starvation
гончар potter
горничная house maid, chambermaid
горнорабочий miner
горняк miner
город city
горячка fever; burning ague
госпиталь
 hospital
господни
 gentleman, Mr.
госпожа
 lady, Mrs.
государственный
 government
государственный архив
 government archive
гражданин
 citizen (male)
гражданка
 citizen (female)
гражданский, гражданство
 citizenship (adj.), citizenship (noun)
грамота
 literacy
грамотный
 literate
гренадер
 grenadier
губерния, губ.
 province, guberniya (adm. unit)
гусар
 hussar, light cavalryman


Д

Russian English
дано
 was given
дать
 to give
два
 two (masc., neut.)
двадцатый
 twentieth
двадцать
 twenty
две
 two (fem.)
двенадцатый
 twelfth
двенадцать
 twelve
двести
 two hundred
движимость
 movable property
двойни
 twins
двойня
 twin
дворянин
 nobleman
дворянка
 noblewoman
дворянский род
 noble line, noble family
дворянство
 nobility
двоюродная сестра
 female cousin
двоюродная брат
 male cousin
двухсотый
 two hundredth
дева
 maiden
деверь
 brother in law, husband's brother
девица
 maiden, unmarried woman
Девичья фамилия
 maiden name
Девочка
 little girl
девушка
 girl, maiden
девяносто
 ninety
девяностый
 ninetieth
девятисотый
 nine hundredth
девятнадцатый
 nineteenth
девятнадцать
 nineteen
девятый
 ninth
девять
 nine
девятьсот
 nine hundred
дед
 grandfather
дедушка
 grandfather
декабрь
 December
дело
 file, business, matter
день
 day
день рождения
 birthday
дер. village (abbreviation of деревня)
деревня
 village
десятый
 tenth
десять
 ten
дети, детей
 children, children (accusative/genitive)
детство
 childhood
дифтерии diphtheria
дисентерия,


дизентерия

 dysentery
дитя
 child
днём
 during the day, in the afternoon
до
 until, up to, before
договор
 agreement
документ
 document
дом
 house, home, building
домохозяйка housewife
донести
 to inform
достигать совершеннолетия
 to com of age, attain one's majority
дочь
 daughter
Доярка
 milkmaid
дровокол
 woodcutter
дровосек
 woodcutter
дряхлость
 decrepitude
дряхлость
 decrepit
дьякон, диакон deacon
дубильщик
 tanner
духовенство clergy
духовная консистория
 diocese, consistory
душевнобольной
 mentally ill
дыхавиц breathing
дядя
 uncle


Е

Russian English
Еврейские "Yevreyskie" or Jewish
Евре́йская автоно́мная о́бласть "Yevreyskaya avtonomnaya oblast'" or Jewish Autonomous Oblast
его him, his
её her
евангелический
 Protestant
еврей
 Jew (m.)
еврейка
 Jew (f.)
единокровная сестра
 half sister
единокровниый брат
 half brother
епархия
 diocese
епископ
 bishop


Ё

Russian English



Ж

Russian English
жар
 Fever
железнодорожник
 railroad worker
желудочной боли stomach pain/sickness
желтуха
 jaundice
жена
 wife
женатый

married man

женитьба
 marriage (about a man)
жениться
 to marry (about a man)
женик
 bridegroom, fiance
женский
 female
женщина woman
жестянщик
 tinsmith
живущий на пособии
 welfare recipient
жилец
 resident, lodger, occupant
жилище
 dwelling
житель
 inhabitant, occupant
жительство
 residence, dwelling
жительствующий
 residing
жить
 to live, to dwell, to reside


З

Russian English
заграничный
 foreign
ЗАГС civil registration (abbreviation of записи актов гражданского состояния)
заключённый
 (prisoner), concluded
заключить
 to conclude, to perform
закон
 law
законная жена
 lawful wife
законнорождённый
 legitimately born
законность
 legitimacy
законный
 legal, legitimate, lawful
замерзшый
 frozen
замечание
 remark
замужество
 marriage (about a woman)
замужняя
 married (about a woman)
занятие
 occupation
запад
 west
запасной рядовой reserve soldier, reserve private
запасный ветеринарный фельдшер emergency veterinarian
западный
 western
записи актов гражданского состояния records of acts of civil status, civil registration records, vital records
записи передвиженния
 moving record
запись
 record(ing), registration
звание occupation, rank
здешний
 local
землевладелец
 landowner
земледелец
 peasant, farmer
земледелие
 agriculture
земля
 earth, land
земляк
 fellow-countyman
землячка
 fellow-country woman
зима
 winter
золовка
 sister-in-law, (husband's sister)
зять
 son-in-law, brother-in-law, (husband's sister)


И

Russian English
и
 and
и так далее (и т. д.)
 etc., and so forth, miscellaneous
из
 from, out of
издозчик
 coachman
изгнанник
 exiled person
или
 or
имение
 estate
именной указатель name register (like an index at the back of a book)
иметь, имеет
 to have, has
иммигрант
 immigrant
имущество
 property
имя, имена
 name, names (given name)
инженер
 engineer
инфлюэнция, инфлюэнсия influenza
исповедные ведомости
 confession lists
иудей, иуд., иудейский Jew, Jewish
их
 them, their
июль
 July
июнь
 June


Й

No Russian words begin with Й. Only some foreign words.


К

Russian English
к/ко
 to
кто who
кем, кѣмъ by whom
какимъ (by) which
какое which, what
кабатчик
 innkeeper, barkeeper
кавалерист
 cavalryman
казак
 Cossack
казаки Cossacks
казённая палата
 provincial financial office
казенный крестьянин state peasant
как видно
 as is seen
калека
 cripple
калесный мастер
 wheelwright
каменщик
 mason, bricklayer
канцлер
 chancellor
капитан
 captain
капрал
 corporal
Караимы Crimean Karaites
караул
 guard
католический
 Catholic (adj.)
кашель
 cough
квартира, кв. apartment, apt. (abbreviation)
кладбище
 cemetery
книга
 book
коклюш whooping cough
колония
 settlment, colony
командирован на службу
 ordered, commissioned to service
конвульсии convulsions
кондуктор
 conductor, guard
кончина
 demise, death
конюх
 groom, stableman
коробейник
 peddler
корь
 measles
костёл
 church (Catholic)
который
 which, that, who
кочегар
 stoker
красильщик
 dyer
крвавка blood loss from a bleeding wound
крепостной
 serf
крепостний крестьянин serf
крестить
 to christen, to baptize
крестник
 godson
крестница
 goddaughter
крёстные родители
 godparents
крестьяне
 peasants
крестьянин
 peasant (m.)
крестьянин владеющий землей
 landowning farmer
крестьянин государственный state peasant
крестьянка
 peasant (f.)
крещение
baptism, christening
круп croup
ксендз
 priest (Catholic)
кузнец
 blacksmith
купец
 merchant
купцы merchants
кухарка
 cook
кучер
 coachman


Л

Russian English
лакей
 lackey, footman
лейтенант
 lietenant
лесоруб
 lumberjack
лет
 years, years old (age)
лето
 summer
летом
 in the summer
лёгкое
 lung, light (adj.)
литейщик
 foundry worker
лихорадка
 fever
лицо
 person, individual, face
лично
 personally
лодочник
 boatman
лоцман
 harbor pilot
лудильщик
 tinsmith


М

Russian English
май
 May
майор
 major
маленький
 small, little,
малолетство underage, childhood
маляр
 painter
мама
 mama
март
 March
мастер
 master, foreman
матрос
 seaman
мать/матерь
 mother
мачеха
 stepmother
между
 between
медник
 brazier, coppersmith
мельник
 miller
мертворождённый
 stillborn
местечко small village or town; often referring to a shtetl (small Jewish village)
место
 place
месяц
 month
метрика
 birth certificate
метрическая книга metrical book (metrical record, vital record book, register of births, marriages, and deaths)
метрические книги metrical books (metrical records)
метрическое свидетельство birth certificate
меховщик furrier
мещанин member of middle class (petty bourgeois, townspeople, artisans or traders) (m.)
мещанка member of middle class (petty bourgeois, townspeople, artisans or traders) (f.)
младенец
 child, infant (m.)
младенца child, infant (f.)
младенчество infancy
могила grave
молодой
 young
моряк
 seaman
мусульманский
 Islamic
муж
 husband
мужик
 peasant
мужской
 male
мужчина
 man
мэр
 mayor
мясник
 butcher


Н

Russian English
на
 in, on, at, to
найдёныш
 foundling
наниматель
 tenant, employer
народ
 people
наследник
 heir
наследование
 inheritance
настоящий
 present (adj.) this, real, genuine
национальность nationality
начальник
 head, chief, superior
не
 no, not
нет
 no
невеста
 bride, fiancee
невестка
 dauther-in-law, sister-in-law (brother's wife)
неграмотный
 illiterate
недвижимость
 immovable property
неделя
 week
незаконнорождённый
 illegitimately born
немец
 German (m.)
нем., немецкий German (language)
немка
 German (f.)
немой
 dumb
немощный
 infirm
немощь
 infirmity
неопределенная болезнь undetermined disease
неправильный
 wrong, incorrect
несовершеннолетие
 underage, minority
несчастья убитъ killed in an unfortunate accident
нижеподписавшийця
 undersigned
нищий
 beggar
новобранец
 recruit
новобрачные
 newlyweds
новорождённый
 newborn
нос
 nose
нотариус
 notary
ночи, ночью
 at night
ночь
 night
ноябрь
 November


О

Russian English
o/об/обо about
оба
 both
область
 province, region, oblast
образование
 education
обручение
 engagement, betrothal
обряд
 rite, ceremony
обструкция, опструкция obstruction
общество
 society, company, community
объялять
 to declare, state, announce
обыватель commoner, inhabitant
обыски брачные
 pre-marital search (see брачные обыски)
оглашение
 marriage bans, announcement
оглашение имен вступающих в брак
 publication of the names of those about to marry
один
 one (masc.)
одиночка sole occupant of household
одна
 one (fem.)
одно
 one (neuter)
округ
 okrug, district, territory, area
октябрь
 October
он
 he
она
 she
оно
 it
ономедни the other day, a couple of days ago, the day before yesterday (or, these days, recently)
они
 they
опекун
 guardian
опись
 list, inventory, series
оплатить
 to pay
опструкция, обструкция obstruction
опухоль
 tumor, swelling
осень
 autumn, fall
осенью
 in the autumn, in the fall
основание
 basis, foundation
оспа
 smallpox
от
 from
отлел department, office
отец
 father
отставка
 retirement, discharge
отставной
 retired
отсуствующий
 absent
отчество
 patronymic
отчим
 stepfather
охрана
 guard
о родившихся births (literally: about those who were born)
о бракосочетавшихся marriages (literally: about those who were married)
о разведшихся divorces (literally: about those who were divorced)
об умершихъ deaths (literally: about those who died)


П

Russian English
падучя epilepsy
падчерица
 stepdaughter
палач
 butcher, executioner
папа
 papa, dad
паралижя paralysis
паралич palsy
паспорт
 passport
паспортный
 passport (adj.)
пасынок
 stepson
пачерица step daughter
паяльщик
 tinsmith, plumber
пекарь
 baker
первый
 first
перевозчик
 ferryman
переплётчик
 bookbinder
печатник
 printer
печать
 stamp, seal, press
писарь
 clerk, scribe
письмоводитель clerk
племянник
 nephew
племянница
 niece
плотник
 carpenter
повар
 cook
повинность
 obligation
после after
пограничная стража border corps
погребение
 burial
подать
 to submit
поденщик
 day laborer
подлинник
 original
подлиный

authentic

подпись
 signature
подпоручик second lieutenant
пожар
 fire
пожарный
 fireman
пожилой
 elderly
позволение
 permission
покойник
 the deceased (m.)
покойница
 the deceased (f.)
покойный
 deceased, late
пол
 gender, sex
полагать
 to suppose, to propose
полдень
 noon, midday
полк
 regiment
полковник
 colonel
полночь
 midnight
получить
 to receive
понедельник
 Monday
понос diarrhea
по полудни
 in the afternoon
по полуночи
 after midnight
порока сердца heart disease
портниха
 dressmaker
портной
 tailor
поручитель
 bondsman, guarantor
порушения collapse, fall
поселенец
 settler
поселение
 settlement
посемйные списки
 family lists
послужной список
 service record
пособие
 allowance, benefit, welfare
постоянный
 permanent
потомок
 descendant, offspring
потомок по прямой линии
 direct discendant
потомственный
 hereditary
потомственный почетный hereditary honorary citizen, or a hereditary elite social class
потомство
 posterity, descendants
похоронен
 buried (m.)
похоронена
 buried (f.)
похороны
 burial
почётные граждане honorary citizens, an elite social class, could be hereditary or personal.
почтальон
 mailman
прабабушка
 great grandmother
правнук
 great grandson
правнучка
 great grandaughter
православный, православное вероисповедание
 Orthodox Christian, Russian Orthodox
прадед
 great grandfather
прапрабабушка
 great great grandmother
прапрадед
 great great grandfather
прародитель
 progenitor
предбрачные свидетельства
 premaritial certificates documenting that the bride and groom are not related
предок
 ancestro, forefather
представить
 to produce, to resent
предшествовать
 to precede
привилегированный privileged, favored
призвание
 vocation, calling
призывник
 conscript
призывные списки
 recruitment lists
приказчик
 shop assistnace, salesman
призрев., призреваемый a ward (child under protection of a guardian)
призивные списки conscription lists
принадлежать
 to belong to
принять
 to accept, to receive
прислуг servant (m.)
прислуга servant (f.)
присутствие
 presence
присутствующий
 to be present, in attendance
приход
 parish, ward
приходский
 parish, ward (adj.)
причат
 clergy
приют
 orphanage
продавец
 salesman
продолжение
 continuation
происходить
 to descend
происхождение
 descent, origin
произойти
 to descend from
прошение
 request (noun)
псаломщик acolyte, parish clerk
пятидесятый
 fiftieth
пятисотый
 five hundredth
пятнадцатый
 fifteenth
пятница
 Friday
пятый
 fifth
пять
 five
пятьдесят
 fivty
пятьсот
 five hundred


Р

Russian English
раб
 slave
работа
 work
работник
 laborer (m.)
работница
 laborer (f.)
рабочий
 worker
раввин
 rabbi
район
 district, raion (modern term)
развалины ruins, remains
разведённый
 divorced
развод
 divorce
размещенный placed, situated, located, hosted (adj.)
разносчик
 peddler
разрешение
 permission
разряд
 level, degree, rank
рак
 cancer
рак груди/рак в груде breast cancer
рак кожи skin cancer
рак легкого lung cancer
рак желудка/рак в желудке stomach cancer
раскольник
 dissenter, dissident, nonconformist
ребёнок
 child
ревизские сказки revision Lists
реестр
 register
рекрутские списки recruitment lists
религиозный
 religious
религия
 religion, faith
ремесленник
 artisan, journeyman
ремесло
 trade, occupation
род
 birth, family, kin, sort, type
родивщихся those who were born
родилась
 was born (f.)
родились
 were born
родился
 was born (m.0
родина
 native land
родители
 parents
родиться
 to be born
родовой
 ancestral
родом
 by origin
родоначальник
 ancestor (first generation of a clan)
родословная
 genealogy, pedigree (book)
родословная книга
 ancestry book
родословный
 genealogical
родственник
 relative (m.)
родственница
 (relative (f.)
родство
 relationship, kinship
роды
 childbirth
рождение
 birth
рождения
 births
Рождество
 Christmas
рaзрыв сердца broken heart
роспись
 inventory, list
рот
 mouth
русский, русская Russian (male, female)
русый
 light brown
рыбяк
 fisherman
рыжий
 red-haired
рядовой
 ordinary (soldier)


С

Russian English
cмерти death
с
 from, with
садовник
 gardener
сам
 self (m.)
сама
 self (f.)
сами
 selves
сапожник
 cobbler, shoemaker
сват father of the son-in-law or daughter-in-law
сватья mother of the son-in-law or daughter-in-law
свёкор
 father-in-law (husband's father)
свекровь
 mother-in-law (husband's mother)
светлый
 light (adj.)
свидетель, свидетели witness, witnesses
свидетельство
 certificate, evidence, testimony
свидетельствовать/ за-
 to witness, to certify
своебременно
 timely
свояченица
 sister-in-law (wife's sister)
святое причастие
 holy communion, the Lord's supper
святой
 holy
священник
 priest, clergyman
север
 north
северный
 northern
сегодня
 today
сегодняшний today's, this day (adj.)
седой
 gray-haired
седмой
 seventh
село
 village (with a church)
семидесятый
 seventieth
семисотый
 seven hundredth
семнадцать
 seventeen
семь
 seven
семьдесят
 seventy
семьсот
 seven hundred
семья
 family
сентябрь
 September
серый
 gray
сестра
 sister
сирота
 orphan
скарлатина
 scarlet fever
скончалась
 died (f.)
скончался
 died (m.)
скорняк
 Furrier
слепой
 blind
слесарь
 locksmith, metalworker
слобода settlement
слуга
 servant (m.)
служанка
 servant (f.)
служащий
 employee, perfessional
служба
 service, work
смерти
 deaths
смерть
 death
сноха
 daughter-in-law
собор
 cathedral
собрание
 assembly, meeting
собственник/собственница owner
совершеннолетие
 legal age, majority
совершить
 to perform
согласно
 according to, agreed
содержание
 content
соединать браком
 to marry
сожительница concubine, cohabitor
солдат
 soldier
сорок
 forty
сороковой
 fortieth
сословие
 estate, class, social standing
состоялось
 it happened
состояние
 status, state, condition, situation
состояться
 to take place, happen
сотник
 commander of 100 men
сотый
 one hundredth
сочетать брак
 to marry (to)
среда
 Wedmesday
средный
 medium (adj.)
ссылный
 exile, convict
ссылка
 see..., refer to...; exile, deportation
старость
 old age
старый
 old
стеклодув
 glass blower
сто
 one hundred
столяр
 joiner
сторож
 watchman, guard
стража
 guard
страна
 country
стрелок
 rifleman, marksman
строитель
 construction worker
суббота
 Saturday
суд
 court
судебный
 judicial
судья
 judge
сумашедший
 insance
супруг
 spouse (m.)
супруга
 spouse (f.)
супруги
 married couple
супружество
 matrimony
сутки
 day (and night), 24 hours
счетовод
 accountant, bookkeeper
сын
 son


Т

Russian English
таинство
 ordinance, rite, sacrament
текущий current
тёмный
 dark
тесть
 father-in-law (wife's father)
тётя
 aunt
тёща
 mother-in-law (wife's mother)
тиф typhus
ткач
 weaver (m.)
ткачиха
 weaver (f.)
то есть (т. е.)
 i.e. that is
тоже
 also
токарь
 lathe turner
тонуть
 to drown
торговец
 merchant, dealer
третий
 third
трёхсотый
 three hundredth
три
 three
тридцатый
 thirtieth
тридцать
 thirty
тринадватый
 thirteenth
тринадцать
 thirteen
триста
 three hundred
трубочист
 chimney sweep
туберклулёз лёгких
 consumption
тысяча
 one thousand
тысячный
 one thousandth
тюрма
 prison


У

Russian English
убийство
 murder
убийца
 murderer, killer
уволенный
 dismissed, discharged
удар
 stroke
удостоверение
 certificate
удостоверить(ся)
 to certify, to witness, to assure oneself
удочеренная
 adopted (of a daughter)
удочерение
 adoption (of a daughter)
удочерить
 to adopt a daughter
удушья difficulty breathing
уезд
 district, county, uyezd
указ
 decree
украинец, украинка Ukrainian (male, female)
улица, ул. street, st. (abbreviation)
умер
 died (masc.)
умереть
 to die
умерла
 died (fem.)
умерший
 deceased
уметь
 to know how
унтер-офицер non-commissioned officer, petty officer
уродливый
 deformed (masc.)
урохдённая
 born as, née (in front of maiden name)
урядник
 sergeant, or Don Cossacks under-officer
усыновление
 adoption (of a son)
усыновленный
 adopted (of a son)
усыновить
 to adopt a son
утопнуть
 to drown
утопший/утопшая drowned
утра, утром
 morning (n.), in the morning (adv.)
утро
 morning (n.)
ученик
 pupil, apprentice
учёный
 scholar (n.), learned (adj.)
учитель
 teacher (masc.)
учительница
 teacher (fem.)


Ф

Russian English
фабрикант
 manufacturer
фамилия
 surname, family
февраль
 February
фольварк manor farm
фонд
 record group


Х

Russian English
хозяин
 landowner, proprietor
холод
 cold
холостой
 single, unmarrier
холость
 single man, bachelor
холостяк
 bachelor
хромой
 lame, limping


Ц

Russian English
цвет
 color
церковь
 church
цыган
 Gypsy


Ч

Russian English
час
hour, time
часовщик
 watchmaker
чахотка
 consumption
четверг
 Thursday
четвёртый
 fourth
четыре
 four
четыреста
 four hundred
четырёхсотый
 four hundredth
четырнадцать
 fourteen
чёрное духовенство clergy who have taken a monastic vow (not allowed to have a wife or children)
чин
 rank, grade
чиновник
 official, bureaucrat
чирей boil
число
 date, number
член
 member
что
 what, that
чума
 plague


Ш

Russian English
шахтёр
 miner
швер
 seamstress
шестидесятый
 sixtieth
шестисотый
 six hundredth
шестнадцать
 sixteenth
шестой
 sixth
шесть
 six
шестьсот
 six hundred
шинкарь
 innkeeper, barkeeper
шкарлатина scarlet fever
шорник
 harness maker, saddler
шурин
 brother-in-law (wife's brother)


Щ

Russian English



Э

Russian English
эмигрант emigrant


Ю

Russian English
юг south
южный southern
юрист lawyer


Я

Russian English
Я I
явиться; явился, явилась
 to appear; appeared (m., f.)
январь
 January


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