Icelandic Genealogical Word List: Difference between revisions
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==Introduction== | ==Introduction== | ||
This list contains Icelandic words with their English translations. The words included here are those that you are likely to find in genealogical sources. If the word you are looking for (or some form of it) is not on this list, please consult an Icelandic-English dictionary. See the [[#Additional Resources|Additional Resources]] section below. | This list contains Icelandic words with their English translations. The words included here are those that you are likely to find in genealogical sources. If the word you are looking for (or some form of it) is not on this list, please consult an Icelandic-English dictionary. See the [[#Additional Resources|Additional Resources]] section below. | ||
Icelandic is a Germanic language like Norwegian, Swedish, and Danish. It is the purest form of the | Icelandic is a Germanic language like Norwegian, Swedish, and Danish. It is the purest form of the Old Norse language that exists today. It was brought to the country by the Norsemen, who settled Iceland. Icelandic has been a written language for more than 900 years and has remained relatively unchanged. | ||
Iceland was under Danish rule until 1918. Records written before the mid 1800s may include Danish and some Latin words. Note that in the 1801 census, Danish and to some extent Latin, rather than Icelandic, are used throughout the text. See [[Danish Word List|Danish Genealogical Word List]] and [[Latin Genealogical Word List]]. | Iceland was under Danish rule until 1918. Records written before the mid 1800s may include Danish and some Latin words. Note that in the 1801 census, Danish and to some extent Latin, rather than Icelandic, are used throughout the text. See [[Danish Word List|Danish Genealogical Word List]] and [[Latin Genealogical Word List]]. | ||
| Line 20: | Line 20: | ||
===Variant Forms of Words=== | ===Variant Forms of Words=== | ||
In Icelandic, as in English, the forms of some words vary according to how they are used in a sentence. | In Icelandic, as in English, the forms of some words vary according to how they are used in a sentence. Who—whose—whom and marry—marries—married are examples of words in English with variant forms. The endings of a word in a document may differ from those in this list. For example: | ||
{| class="plain FCK__ShowTableBorders" | {| class="plain FCK__ShowTableBorders" | ||
| Line 47: | Line 47: | ||
===Spelling=== | ===Spelling=== | ||
Spelling rules were not standardized in earlier centuries. Words were written as they sounded. | Spelling rules were not standardized in earlier centuries. Words were written as they sounded. Because Iceland was under Danish rule so long, and because many officials were Danish or had been educated in Denmark, Danish influence was prominent in vocabulary and style until the late eighteenth century. | ||
In the 1703, 1801, and 1816 censuses and in the oldest church registers, the following graphemic or spelling variations are common: | In the 1703, 1801, and 1816 censuses and in the oldest church registers, the following graphemic or spelling variations are common: | ||
| Line 53: | Line 53: | ||
{| class="plain FCK__ShowTableBorders" | {| class="plain FCK__ShowTableBorders" | ||
|- | |- | ||
|''b'' used for ''p | |''b'' used for ''p '' | ||
|''i'' used for ''j | |''i'' used for ''j '' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|''c'' used for ''k | |''c'' used for ''k '' | ||
|''k'' used for ''q'' | |''k'' used for ''q'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 62: | Line 62: | ||
|''v'' and ''w'' and vice versa | |''v'' and ''w'' and vice versa | ||
|- | |- | ||
|''f'' used for ''v | |''f'' used for ''v '' | ||
|<br> | |<br> | ||
|} | |} | ||
==Additional Resources== | == Additional Resources == | ||
This word list includes only words most commonly found in genealogical sources. For more help, use an Icelandic-English dictionary. Additional dictionaries are listed in the FamilySearch Catalog under [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/results?count=20&query=%2Bsubject_id%3A338673 Iceland - Language and languages - Dictionaries]. The following is a selected list of titles. Cleasby-Vigfusson is the most comprehensive resource. | |||
Bogason, Sigurður Örn. ''Ensk-Íslenzk Orðabók'' (English-Icelandic Dictionary). Reykjavik: Ísafoldarprentsmiðja H.F., 1976. [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/371695 FS Library book Scand 439.6321 B633e]; not available on film or fiche. | |||
Cleasby, Richard; and Vigfusson, Gudbrand. ''An Icelandic-English Dictionary.'' Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1957. [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/35389 FS Library book Scand 439.6321 C558li]; not available on film or fiche. FamilySearch Digital Books [https://www.familysearch.org/library/books/records/item/61748-redirection An Icelandic-English dictionary]. Online at Germanic Lexicon Project, [http://lexicon.ff.cuni.cz/texts/oi_cleasbyvigfusson_about.html An Icelandic-English Dictionary] and Old Norse.net [https://old-norse.net/search.php An Icelandic-English Dictionary]. A YouTube video by Professor Jackson Crawford utlizes this dictionary as part of his university course, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ayo25w0DAi8 Old Norse Unit 2, Lesson 1: Using a Dictionary to Read Old Norse]. | |||
Hólmarsson, Sverrir; Sanders, Christopher; and Tucker, John. ''Íslensk-ensk orðabók''. Reykjavík : Iðunn, 1989. [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/oclc/866637949 FS Library Book 439.6321 H731h]; not available on film or fiche. Online at University of Wisconsin-Digitized Collections [https://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/IcelOnline/IcelOnline.TEId-idx?id=IcelOnline.IEOrd Íslensk-ensk orðabók]. | |||
Sörenson, Sören; and Hannesson, Jóhann S. ''Ensk-íslensk orðabók með alfræðilegu ívafi.'' Reykjavík: Örn og Örlygur, 1984. [https://www.worldcat.org/title/ensk-islensk-ordabok-med-alfraedilegu-ivafi/oclc/807412451&referer=brief_results WorldCat]. | |||
Zoëga, Geir Tómasson. ''Íslenzk-Ensk orðabók = Icelandic-English dictionary''. Reykjavík, Iceland : Bókaverzlun Sigurðar Kristjánsson, 1951. [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/467013 FS Library book 439.6321 Z72e 1951], [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSDM-G7CG-W?i=374&cat=467013 FS Library film 1224705 Item 2]. Online at Northvegr Foundation, [http://jillian.rootaction.net/~jillian/world_faiths/www.northvegr.org/zoega/index002.html Zoëga's A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic]. | |||
==Key Words== | ==Key Words== | ||
| Line 319: | Line 308: | ||
|tuttugu og fimm | |tuttugu og fimm | ||
|25<sup>th</sup> | |25<sup>th</sup> | ||
|tuttugasti | |tuttugasti og fimmti | ||
|- | |- | ||
|26 | |26 | ||
|tuttugu | |tuttugu og sex | ||
|26<sup>th</sup> | |26<sup>th</sup> | ||
|tuttugasti | |tuttugasti og sjötti | ||
|- | |- | ||
|27 | |27 | ||
| Line 532: | Line 521: | ||
|grandmother | |grandmother | ||
|- | |- | ||
|andaður, | |andaður, andaðir (plural) | ||
|deceased (male), dead | |deceased (male), dead | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 542: | Line 531: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|andlega vanheill | |andlega vanheill | ||
|mentally deficient, | |mentally deficient, weak-minded | ||
|- | |- | ||
|andvana fæddur | |andvana fæddur | ||
| Line 576: | Line 565: | ||
|on, at | |on, at | ||
|- | |- | ||
|á | |á morgun | ||
|tomorrow | |tomorrow | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 839: | Line 828: | ||
|afternoon | |afternoon | ||
|- | |- | ||
|egta | |egta barn | ||
|legitimate child | |legitimate child | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 1,598: | Line 1,587: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|önduð | |önduð | ||
|deceased, dead | |deceased, dead (female) | ||
|- | |- | ||
|ónefndur | |ónefndur | ||
| Line 2,275: | Line 2,264: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|æsing | |æsing | ||
|inflammation, | |inflammation, agitation | ||
|- | |- | ||
|ættfaðir | |ættfaðir | ||
Latest revision as of 17:28, 17 October 2023
| Icelandic Genealogical Word List | |
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Introduction
This list contains Icelandic words with their English translations. The words included here are those that you are likely to find in genealogical sources. If the word you are looking for (or some form of it) is not on this list, please consult an Icelandic-English dictionary. See the Additional Resources section below.
Icelandic is a Germanic language like Norwegian, Swedish, and Danish. It is the purest form of the Old Norse language that exists today. It was brought to the country by the Norsemen, who settled Iceland. Icelandic has been a written language for more than 900 years and has remained relatively unchanged.
Iceland was under Danish rule until 1918. Records written before the mid 1800s may include Danish and some Latin words. Note that in the 1801 census, Danish and to some extent Latin, rather than Icelandic, are used throughout the text. See Danish Genealogical Word List and Latin Genealogical Word List.
Language Characteristics
Variant Forms of Words
In Icelandic, as in English, the forms of some words vary according to how they are used in a sentence. Who—whose—whom and marry—marries—married are examples of words in English with variant forms. The endings of a word in a document may differ from those in this list. For example:
| gift | marry | gifting | marriage |
| gifta | to marry | giftur | married |
Alphabetical Order
Written Icelandic uses the following letters not found in the English alphabet: á, ð, é, í, ó, ú, ý, þ, æ, ö. The letters þ, æ, and ö are alphabetized after z. This word list, like most Icelandic dictionaries and indexes, uses the following alphabetical order:
a á b c d ð e é f g h i í j k l m n o ó p q r s t u ú v w x y
ý z þ æ ö
If you do not find a word in the alphabetical order listed above, search forward and backward in the dictionary, index, or word list until you locate the word.
Spelling
Spelling rules were not standardized in earlier centuries. Words were written as they sounded. Because Iceland was under Danish rule so long, and because many officials were Danish or had been educated in Denmark, Danish influence was prominent in vocabulary and style until the late eighteenth century.
In the 1703, 1801, and 1816 censuses and in the oldest church registers, the following graphemic or spelling variations are common:
| b used for p | i used for j |
| c used for k | k used for q |
| d used for t | v and w and vice versa |
| f used for v |
Additional Resources
This word list includes only words most commonly found in genealogical sources. For more help, use an Icelandic-English dictionary. Additional dictionaries are listed in the FamilySearch Catalog under Iceland - Language and languages - Dictionaries. The following is a selected list of titles. Cleasby-Vigfusson is the most comprehensive resource.
Bogason, Sigurður Örn. Ensk-Íslenzk Orðabók (English-Icelandic Dictionary). Reykjavik: Ísafoldarprentsmiðja H.F., 1976. FS Library book Scand 439.6321 B633e; not available on film or fiche.
Cleasby, Richard; and Vigfusson, Gudbrand. An Icelandic-English Dictionary. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1957. FS Library book Scand 439.6321 C558li; not available on film or fiche. FamilySearch Digital Books An Icelandic-English dictionary. Online at Germanic Lexicon Project, An Icelandic-English Dictionary and Old Norse.net An Icelandic-English Dictionary. A YouTube video by Professor Jackson Crawford utlizes this dictionary as part of his university course, Old Norse Unit 2, Lesson 1: Using a Dictionary to Read Old Norse.
Hólmarsson, Sverrir; Sanders, Christopher; and Tucker, John. Íslensk-ensk orðabók. Reykjavík : Iðunn, 1989. FS Library Book 439.6321 H731h; not available on film or fiche. Online at University of Wisconsin-Digitized Collections Íslensk-ensk orðabók.
Sörenson, Sören; and Hannesson, Jóhann S. Ensk-íslensk orðabók með alfræðilegu ívafi. Reykjavík: Örn og Örlygur, 1984. WorldCat.
Zoëga, Geir Tómasson. Íslenzk-Ensk orðabók = Icelandic-English dictionary. Reykjavík, Iceland : Bókaverzlun Sigurðar Kristjánsson, 1951. FS Library book 439.6321 Z72e 1951, FS Library film 1224705 Item 2. Online at Northvegr Foundation, Zoëga's A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic.
Key Words
In order to find specific types of information in Icelandic records, you will need to know some key words in Icelandic. This section lists key genealogical terms in English and the Icelandic words that convey the concept.
For example, in the first column you find the word marriage. In the second column you find Icelandic words with meanings such as married, married couple, bridal pair, and other words used in Icelandic records to indicate marriage.
Genealogical Words
| English | Icelandic |
| birth | fæddur, fædd, fæddir, fæðingar |
| bride | brúður |
| bridegroom | brúðgumi |
| burials | greftrun, begrafning, jarðarför, útför |
| census | fólkstal, fólksfjöldatal, manntal, sálnaregistur |
| child | barn |
| children | börn |
| christenings | skírður, skírn (nefndur [given a name], kallaður [given a name at christening]) |
| civil district | hreppur |
| confirmands | fermdir, fermingarbörn |
| confirmation | ferming |
| day | dagur |
| deaths | dáin, dánir, dauðir |
| engagement | trúlofun |
| father | faðir |
| illegitimate | launbarn, óskilgetinn, óegta |
| marriage | hjónaband, gifting, giftur, hjón, brúðhjón |
| minister | prestur, séra, síra |
| mother | móðir |
| move in | innkomnir |
| move out | burtfluttir, burtviknir, brottflutt named nefndur (given a name), kallaður (given a name at christening) |
| parents | foreldrar |
| parish | sókn |
| stillborn | andvana fædd |
| wife | kona, eiginkona |
| witnesses | vitni, skírnarvottur |
| year | ár |
Numbers
In Icelandic genealogical records, numbers are occasionally spelled out. This is especially true of dates. The following list gives the cardinal (1, 2, 3) and the ordinal (1st, 2nd, 3rd) versions of each number. In actual usage, days of the month are written in ordinal form.
| Cardinal | Ordinal | ||
| 1 | einn | 1st | fyrstur |
| 2 | tveir | 2nd | annar |
| 3 | þrír | 3rd | þriðji |
| 4 | fjórir | 4th | fjórði |
| 5 | fimm | 5th | fimmti |
| 6 | sex | 6th | sjötti |
| 7 | sjö | 7th | sjöundi |
| 8 | átta | 8th | áttundi |
| 9 | níu | 9th | níundi |
| 10 | tíu | 10th | tíundi |
| 11 | ellefu | 11th | ellefti |
| 12 | tólf | 12th | tólfti |
| 13 | þrettán | 13th | þrettándi |
| 14 | fjórtán | 14th | fjórtándi |
| 15 | fimmtán | 15th | fimmtándi |
| 16 | sextán | 16th | sextándi |
| 17 | sautján | 17th | sautjándi |
| 18 | átján | 18th | átjándi |
| 19 | nítján | 19th | nítjándi |
| 20 | tuttugu | 20th | tuttugasti |
| 21 | tuttugu og einn | 21st | tuttugasti og fyrsti |
| 22 | tuttugu og tveir | 22nd | tuttugasti og annar |
| 23 | tuttugu og þrír | 23rd | tuttugasti og þriðji |
| 24 | tuttugu og fjórir | 24th | tuttugasti og fjórði |
| 25 | tuttugu og fimm | 25th | tuttugasti og fimmti |
| 26 | tuttugu og sex | 26th | tuttugasti og sjötti |
| 27 | tuttugu og sjö | 27th | tuttugasti og sjöundi |
| 28 | tuttugu og átta | 28th | tuttugasti og áttundi |
| 29 | tuttugu og níu | 29th | tuttugasti og níundi |
| 30 | þrjátíu | 30th | þrítugasti |
| 31 | þrjátíu og einn | 31st | þrítugasti og fyrsti |
| 40 | fjörutíu | 40th | fertugasti |
| 50 | fimmtíu | 50th | fimmtugasti |
| 60 | sextíu | 60th | sextugasti |
| 70 | sjötíu | 70th | sjötugasti |
| 80 | áttatíu | 80th | áttugasti |
| 90 | níutíu | 90th | nítugasti |
| 100 | hundrað | 100th | hundraðasti |
| 1000 | þúsund | 1000th | þúsundasti |
Dates and Time
Use the terms in this section and the “Numbers” section to interpret dates.
Months of the Year
| Icelandic | English |
| janúar | January |
| febrúar | February |
| marz, mars | March |
| apríl | April |
| maí | May |
| júní | June |
| júlí | July |
| ágúst | August |
| september, 7ber | September |
| október, 8ber | October |
| nóvember, 9ber | November |
| desember, 10ber | December |
Days of the Week
| Icelandic | English |
| sunnudagur | Sunday |
| mánudagur | Monday |
| þriðjudagur | Tuesday |
| miðvikudagur | Wednesday |
| fimmtudagur | Thursday |
| föstudagur | Friday |
| laugardagur | Saturday |
Seasons of the Year
| Icelandic | English |
| haust | autumn, fall |
| vor | spring |
| sumar | summer |
| vetur | winter |
Times of the Day
| Icelandic | English |
| nón, síðdegi | midafternoon, afternoon |
| hádegi | noon, midday |
General Word List
This general word list includes words commonly seen in genealogical sources, including words for occupations, illnesses, and causes of death. Numbers, months, and days of the week are listed both here and in separate sections that follow this list. Words in parentheses in the English column clarify the definition.
A
| aðkominn, aðkomnir | arrivals, guests |
| af | by |
| afi | grandfather |
| aflausn | public remission of sins |
| akur | field |
| aldur | age |
| amma | grandmother |
| andaður, andaðir (plural) | deceased (male), dead |
| andarteppa | croup |
| andast | die |
| andlega vanheill | mentally deficient, weak-minded |
| andvana fæddur | stillborn child |
| annar | second |
| aphotækar | pharmacist |
| apótekari | pharmacy |
| apríl | April |
| asmi | asthma |
| auglýsing | proclamation |
| austur | east |
Á
| á | on, at |
| á morgun | tomorrow |
| áar | ancestors |
| ágúst | August |
| ái | ancestor |
| ár | year |
| átján | eighteen |
| átjándi | eighteenth |
| átta | eight |
| áttatíu | eighty |
| áttugasti | eightieth |
| áttundi | eighth |
B
| bakari | baker |
| barkahósti | croup |
| barn | child |
| barna | make pregnant |
| barnlaus | childless |
| barnsæng | childbed |
| bátsmaður | boatman |
| bátur | boat |
| beður | bed |
| begrafn | buried |
| beiningamaður | beggar |
| berklaveiki | tuberculosis |
| beykir | cooper |
| blaðsíða | page |
| blikksmiður | tinsmith |
| blindur | blind |
| blóðsótt | dysentery |
| borg | city |
| borgari | citizen |
| bókari | accountant |
| bókbindari | book binder |
| bókhaldari | bookkeeper |
| bóksali | bookseller |
| bóla | smallpox |
| bólga | inflammation |
| bólusetja | vaccinate |
| bóndi | farmer |
| brenna | burn |
| brenndur | burned, burning |
| bréf | letter, deed |
| brjóstsjúkdómur | chest disease |
| brjóstþyngsli | shortness of breath |
| bróðir | brother |
| bróðursonur | nephew (brother´s son) |
| brúðgumi | bridegroom |
| brúðhjón | bridal pair |
| brúður | bride |
| bræður | brothers |
| burtfluttir | move out |
| búa | live, reside |
| búandi | resident |
| búsetumaður | cottager, resident |
| búskapur | farming |
| bústaður | place of residence |
| bústýra | housekeeper |
| bæjarnafn | name of farm |
| bær | farm, town |
| börn | children |
C
| confirmeraður | confirmed, confirmand |
D
| daglaunamaður | day laborer |
| dagsetja | date |
| dagur | day |
| dalur | valley |
| dauði | death |
| dauður | dead, died |
| dáinn | dead, died |
| dánir | dead, died |
| dáti | soldier |
| desember, 10ber | December |
| deyja | die |
| diarrhe | diarrhea |
| dó | died |
| dóttir | daughter |
| dótturdóttir | grandchild (daughter´s daughter) |
| dóttursonur | grandson (daughter´s son) |
| dráp | murder, killing |
| drengur | boy |
| drukknaði | drowned |
E
| eftirlifendur | survivors, heirs |
| eftirmiddagur | afternoon |
| egta barn | legitimate child |
| eiga, eiginn | own |
| einn | single, one |
| eitur | poison |
| ekkill | widower |
| ekkja | widow |
| ekkjumaður | widower |
| eldri | older, elder |
| eldur | fire |
| ellefti | eleventh |
| ellefu | eleven |
| elli | old age |
| erfðaskrá | probate record, testament |
| erfingi | heir, survivor |
F
| fader (Danish) | father |
| faðir | father |
| fangelsi | prison |
| far | father |
| fara | go away, move |
| fátækur | poor |
| febrúar | February |
| ferðast | traveling through |
| ferma | confirm |
| fermdur | confirmed |
| ferming | confirmation |
| fertugasti | fortieth |
| fimm | five |
| fimmtán | fifteen |
| fimmtándi | fifteenth |
| fimmti | fifth |
| fimmtíu | fifty |
| fimmtudagur | Thursday |
| fimmtugasti | fiftieth |
| fiskimaður | fisherman |
| fjall | mountain |
| fjórði | fourth |
| fjórir | four |
| fjórtán | fourteen |
| fjórtándi | fourteenth |
| fjörutíu | forty |
| flogaveiki | epilepsy |
| flogaverkur | spasmic pain |
| fluttir | moved (from parish) |
| flytja | move |
| flytja af landi burt | emigrate |
| flytja inn | move in |
| foreldrar | parents |
| fógeti | sheriff |
| fólksfjöldatal | census |
| fólkstal | census |
| fóstra | foster mother |
| fóstri | foster father |
| fósturbarn | foster child |
| fósturforeldrar | foster parents |
| fótgönguliðsmaður | infantryman |
| frá | from |
| Frú | Madame, Mrs. |
| frændsemispell | incest |
| fyrstur | first |
| fæða | give birth to |
| fæddur | born |
| föstudagur | Friday |
G
| gamall | old |
| garður | garden, yard |
| garðyrkjumaður | gardener |
| gata | street |
| geðveikur | insane |
| geit | goat |
| giftast | get married |
| gifting | marriage |
| giftur | married |
| gigt | rheumatism, gout |
| gjalda | pay |
| glófagjörðarmaður | glove maker |
| grafinn | buried |
| greftrun | burial |
| griðkona | servant (female) |
| griðmaður | laborer, servant |
| guðfaðir | godfather |
| guðfeðgin | godparents |
| guðmóðir | godmother |
| gula | jaundice |
| gullsmiður | goldsmith |
| gær | yesterday |
| gömul | old |
H
| hafnsögumaður | harbor pilot |
| handsprengjumaður | grenadier |
| hattamakari | hatmaker |
| haust | autumn, fall |
| hádegi | noon, midday |
| háls | throat |
| hálsbólga | sore throat |
| heilablóðfall | stroke |
| heima nefndur | named (christened) at home |
| heimili | house |
| hengdi | hanged, hung |
| hengja | hang |
| hermaður | rural (land) soldier |
| hestur | horse, pony |
| hjarta | heart |
| hjartasjúkdómur | heart disease |
| hjá | by |
| hjálparmaður | assistant |
| hjólasmiður | wheelwright |
| hjón | married couple |
| hjónaband | marriage |
| hljóðfæraleikari | musician |
| hór | adultery |
| hreppstjóri | local sheriff, overseer in a poor-law district |
| hreppur | civil district, poor-law district |
| hundrað | hundred |
| hundraðasti | hundredth |
| hús | house |
| húsamálari | house painter |
| húsameistari | builder, master builder |
| húsbóndi | head of family |
| húsfaðir | head of family |
| húsgagnasmiður | cabinet maker |
| húsmóðir | housewife, mistress of the house |
| hvaðan | where from, place of birth |
| hvítasunna | Pentecost |
| hæð | hill |
| höfuðsvimi | dizziness |
| höfuðverkur | headache |
I
| í | in |
| iðnaðarmaður | journeyman |
| iðnnemi | apprentice |
| innfluttir | move in |
| innkomnir | moved into parish |
| innri | inner |
| innvortis meinsemd | internal disease |
J
| janúar | January |
| jarða | bury |
| jarðaður | buried |
| járnsmiður | blacksmith |
| jól | Christmas |
| júlí | July |
| júní | June |
| jörð | farm, land |
| jörðuð | buried |
K
| kallaður | named (christened) |
| kambskapari | comb maker |
| karl | male |
| karlkyns | males |
| kaupmaður | trader, merchant |
| kaupmáli | deed |
| kirkja | church |
| kirkjubækur | church registers |
| kirkjusókn | church parish |
| kíghósti | whooping cough |
| klæðskeri | tailor |
| kona | woman, wife |
| konfirmera | confirm |
| kotbóndi | cottager |
| krabbamein | cancer |
| kraftur | strength (lack of) |
| kreppa | cramp |
| kreppusótt | scorbutic disease |
| kvenmaður | woman, female |
| kvenkyns | female |
| kvöld | evening |
| kýr | cow |
| kölluð | named (christened) |
L
| land | farm, land |
| landbúnaður | agriculture, farming |
| landfarsótt | epidemic |
| laugardagur | Saturday |
| launbarn | illegitimate child |
| lausn | public remission of sins |
| leigjandi | leaseholder, lodger |
| leiguliði | leaseholder |
| lind | water source (spring) |
| lífsýki | diarrhea |
| lítill | little, small, young |
| ljósmóðir | midwife |
| lungnabólga | pneumonia |
| lungnasótt | lung disease |
| lægri | lower |
| lækur | stream, brook |
| lærður | journeyman (literal meaning: learned) |
| lögmaður | lawyer |
M
| maður | man, husband |
| magaverkur | stomachache |
| maí | May |
| malari | miller |
| mannanöfn | names |
| manntal | census |
| mágkona | sister-in-law |
| mágur | brother-in-law |
| málari | painter |
| mánudagur | Monday |
| mánuður | month |
| mars, marz | March |
| með | with |
| meinsemd | disease |
| mey barn | female child |
| meyjar | maidens, girls |
| miðvikudagur | Wednesday |
| misferli | accident, offense |
| mislingar | measles |
| mínúta | minute |
| morð | murder |
| morgunn | morning |
| móðir | mother |
| móðurafi | grandfather (mother´s father) |
| móðuramma | grandmother (mother’s mother) |
| múrari | mason |
N
| nafn | name |
| námumaður | miner |
| nefna | name, named |
| nefndur | named (christened) |
| nemi | apprentice, student |
| nervefeber (Danish) | nerve fever (possibly typhoid) |
| niðurgangur | diarrhea |
| niðursetningur | pauper |
| nítján | nineteen |
| nítjándi | nineteenth |
| nítugasti | ninetieth |
| níu | nine |
| níundi | ninth |
| níutíu | ninety |
| norður | north |
| nón | midafternoon |
| nótt | night |
| nóvember, 9ber | November |
| nýrnasjúkdómur | kidney disease |
| nærkona | midwife |
| nöfn | names |
O
| óegta barn, óekta barn | illegitimate child |
| og | and |
| ógift | unmarried, single (woman) |
| ógiftur, ókvæntur | unmarried, single (man) |
| október, 8ber | October |
| öld | century |
| ölmusumaður | living from charity |
| ómagi | pauper |
| önduð | deceased, dead (female) |
| ónefndur | unchristened |
| öreiga | destitute |
| orgelleikari | organist |
| óskilgetinn | illegitimate |
| óþekktur | unknown |
P
| páskar | Easter |
| pige (Danish) | girl |
| piltar | farmhands |
| piltur | boy, boys |
| prentari | printer |
| prestur | clergyman, pastor, priest |
R
| refsað | punished |
| riddaraliðsmaður | cavalryman |
| riddari | dragoon |
| ræningi | robber, thief |
S
| samanvígð hjón | married couple |
| sauðfé | sheep |
| saurlífi | fornication, adultery |
| sautján | seventeen |
| sautjándi | seventeenth |
| sálnaregistur | soul register |
| september, 7ber | September |
| sex | six |
| sextán | sixteen |
| sextándi | sixteenth |
| sextíu | sixty |
| sextugasti | sixtieth |
| séra (Sra) | Reverend |
| silfursmiður | silversmith, goldsmith |
| síðdegi | afternoon |
| síra (Sra) | Reverend |
| sjálf | own |
| sjálfseignabóndi | freeholder |
| sjálfsmorð | suicide |
| sjómaður | sailor, fisherman |
| sjúkur | sick |
| sjö | seven |
| sjötíu | seventy |
| sjötti | sixth |
| sjötugasti | seventieth |
| sjöundi | seventh |
| skarlagen feber | scarlet fever |
| skildu | separated, divorced |
| skilgetinn | legitimate (child) |
| skip | ship |
| skipstjóri | captain of a ship |
| skíra | baptize, christen |
| skírdagur | Maundy Thursday |
| skírður | baptized |
| skírn | baptism |
| skírnarvottur | christening witnesses |
| skírteini | certificate |
| skóari | shoemaker |
| skógarvörður | forester |
| skógur | forest |
| skólakennari | teacher |
| skósmiður | shoemaker |
| skraddari | tailor |
| skriflegt | in writing |
| skyrbjúgur | scurvy |
| skytta | rifle soldier |
| slag | stroke |
| slagaveiki | apoplexy |
| slátrari | butcher |
| slys | accident |
| smali | shepherd |
| smábær | village |
| smiður | smith |
| snikkari | cabinetmaker |
| soldat | soldier |
| sonarsonur | grandson (son’s son) |
| sonur | son |
| sókn | church parish |
| sóknarkirkja | parish church |
| sóknarmannatal | parish register |
| sóknarprestur | parish minister |
| Sra | Reverend |
| staður | place |
| steinhöggvari | mason |
| steinsmiður | stone mason |
| stjórnari | manager |
| stjúpbarn | stepchild |
| stjúpfaðir | stepfather |
| stjúpi | stepfather |
| stjúpmóðir | stepmother |
| stríð | war |
| stúlka | girl |
| stúlkur | girls |
| stýrimaður | pilot, mate, navigator |
| stöðuvatn | lake |
| suður | south |
| sukkersyge | diabetes |
| sumar | summer |
| sunnudagur | Sunday |
| sútari | tanner |
| sveinbarn | boy |
| sveinn | boy, apprentice |
| sveitamaður | farmer |
| sveitarlimur | pauper |
| svin | pig |
| synir | sons |
| systir | sister |
| systur | sisters |
| systkin | siblings |
| systkinabarn | first cousins |
| sýsla | county |
| sýslumaður | county sheriff |
| söðlari | saddler |
| söðlasmiður | harness maker |
| sögunarmilla | sawmill |
T
| taugaveiki | typhoid |
| telpa | young girl |
| tengdadóttir | daughter-in-law |
| tengdafaðir | father-in-law |
| tengdamóðir | mother-in-law |
| tengdasonur | son-in-law |
| til | to, at |
| tilfelli | accident, case |
| timburmaður | carpenter |
| timbursmiður | carpenter |
| tími | hour, time |
| tinsmiður | tinsmith |
| tíu | ten |
| tíundi | tenth |
| tólf | twelve |
| tólfti | twelfth |
| trésmiður | carpenter |
| trúlofast | get engaged |
| tugtmeistari | warden |
| tuttugasti | twentieth |
| tuttugasti og annar | twenty-second |
| tuttugasti og áttundi | twenty-eighth |
| tuttugasti og fimmti | twenty-fifth |
| tuttugasti og fjórði | twenty-fourth |
| tuttugasti og fyrsti | twenty-first |
| tuttugasti og níundi | twenty-ninth |
| tuttugasti og sjötti | twenty-sixth |
| tuttugasti og sjöundi | twenty-seventh |
| tuttugasti og þriðji | twenty-third |
| tuttugu | twenty |
| tuttugu og átta | twenty-eight |
| tuttugu og einn | twenty-one |
| tuttugu og fimm | twenty-five |
| tuttugu og fjórir | twenty-four |
| tuttugu og níu | twenty-nine |
| tuttugu og sex | twenty-six |
| tuttugu og sjö | twenty-seven |
| tuttugu og tveir | twenty-two |
| tuttugu og þrir | twenty-three |
| tún | field |
| tveir | two |
| tvíburar | twins |
| tærandi sýki | consumption |
| tökubarn | foster child |
U
| um | on, about |
| umboðsmaður | agent |
| ung | young |
| ungbarn | infant, young child |
| ungfrú | Miss |
| unglingur | youth, adolescent |
| ungur | young |
| uppdráttur | wasting sickness |
| úr | of, from |
| útflytjandi | emigrant |
V
| varðmaður | watchman |
| vatn | lake, water |
| vatnssýki | dropsy |
| vefari | weaver |
| vegur | road |
| veikleiki ellinnar | old age weakness |
| veitingamaður | landlord, innkeeper |
| verkamaður | workman, laborer |
| verkastúlka | woman worker |
| verkur | pain |
| vestur | west |
| vetur | winter |
| við | on, at, in |
| vika | week |
| vinnuhjú | workers, farmhands, servants |
| vinnukona | maidservant |
| vinnumaður | laborer, farmhand (male) |
| vitni | witness |
| vor | spring |
| vottorð | certificate |
| vottur | witness |
Y
| yfirsetukona | midwife |
| yngismaður | young man |
| yngisstúlka | young woman, girl |
| yngri | younger |
| ytri | outer |
Þ
| þjófur | thief |
| þjóna | serve |
| þjónn | servant |
| þorp | village |
| þrettán | thirteen |
| þrettándi | thirteenth |
| þriðjudagur | Tuesday |
| þriðji | third |
| þrir | three |
| þrjátíu | thirty |
| þrjátíu og einn | thirty-one |
| þrítugasti | thirtieth |
| þrítugasti og fyrsti | thirty-first |
| þúsund | thousand |
| þúsundasti | thousandth |
Æ
| æði | panic |
| æðislegur | in panic |
| ægtabarn | legitimate child |
| ægtaviigder | married, marriages |
| æsing | inflammation, agitation |
| ættfaðir | ancestor |