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| link1=[[United States Genealogy|United States]]
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| link5=[[Delaware Tribe of Indians|Delaware Tribe of Indians]]
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[[Image:Delaware Indians sign Treaty of Penn with Benjamin West a painting.jpg|thumb|right]]
Guide to '''{{PAGENAME}} ancestry, family history and genealogy:''' birth records, marriage records, death records, census records, and other agency records.  


The Delaware Indians were originally known as the Lenape or Lenni Lenape Indians, the name they called themselves. The American colonists named them the Delaware Indians.  
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The Delaware Indians were originally known as the '''Lenape''' or '''Lenni Lenape''' Indians, the name they called themselves. The American colonists named them the Delaware Indians.  


'''Clans:''' ''Tukwsi-t,'' the wolf; ''Pukuwanku,'' the turtle; and ''Pele,'' the turkey  
'''Clans:''' ''Tukwsi-t,'' the wolf; ''Pukuwanku,'' the turtle; and ''Pele,'' the turkey  


'''Original homelands: '''New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware
'''Original homelands:''' Delaware, [[Indians of Pennsylvania|Pennsylvania]], [[Indians of New Jersey|New Jersey]], and [[Indians of New York|New York]]. Some later were removed to [[Indians of Oklahoma|Oklahoma]].


=== Tribal Headquarters  ===
=== Tribal Headquarters  ===


The Delaware Nation is currently found primarily in western Oklahoma.  
'''Delaware Nation'''<br>31064 State Highway #281 / P.O. Box 825<br>Anadarko, OK 73005<br>Phone: 405-247-2448<br>[https://www.delawarenation-nsn.gov/ Website]


Delaware Nation<br>Address<br>P.O. Box 825<br>Anadarko, OK 73005<br>Location<br>31064 State Highway #281<br>Building 100<br>Anadarko, OK 73005<br>Phone: 405.247.2448<br>Fax: 405.247.9393<br>
The Tribal office of each tribe maintains many records of value to the Native American researcher. Most of the tribes require enrollment in the tribe before they allow access to the records of its members.  


*[http://www.delawarenation.com/Home/tabid/37/Default.aspx The Delaware Nation] Official Website
Tribal Population: 1984: Total Enrollment 989. <ref>Indian Reservations A State and Federal Handbook. Compiled by The Confederation of American Indians, New York, N.Y. McFarland and Co. Inc., Jefferson, North Carolina, c. 1986. FS Library book 970.1 In2 page 222 </ref>


=== History  ===
=== History  ===


The Delaware or Lenape were forced to cede lands and migrate many times.&nbsp; &nbsp;
The Delaware Confederacy included the Unami and Unalachtigo
 
The Delaware or Lenape were forced to cede lands and migrate many times, moving into Ohio in 1755, Kansas, Texas and Indian Territory<br>
 
=== Brief Timeline  ===
 
*1600's: First contact was with the Dutch
*1638: Swedish lived moved into the Delaware Bay area
*1682: Treaty with William Penn.
*1700's: Tribal members began to settle along the Ohio River
*1789: Some of the tribe removed to Missouri and later to Arkansas
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/del0064.htm 1795] Treaty
*1800: Many migrate to Indiana
*1820: Some moved to Texas, became known as the Southern band
*1824-51: The tribe was under the jurisdiction of the Fort Leavenworth Agency
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/del1048.htm 1832] Treaty
*1835: Many members resettled in Kansas
*1851-55: The tribe was under the jurisdiction of the Kansas Agency while living in Kansas
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/del0803.htm 1854] Treaty
*1855-73: The tribe was under the jurisdiction of the Delaware Agency
*1859: Delaware tribal members living in Texas removed to western Oklahoma
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/del0937.htm 1866] Treaty
*1867: Tribe began to settle west of the Mississippi River some removed to Canada
*1867: Delaware tribal members living in Kansas move to eastern Oklahoma and purchase rights in the Cherokee Nation. In 1890 become Cherokee citizens.  
*1867-74: The tribe was under the jurisdiction of the Cherokee Agency
*1875-80''':''' The tribe was under the jurisdiction of the Union Agency


==== Brief Timeline  ====
'''The Southern Band'''


*'''1600's:''' First contact was with the Dutch
In the 1820s some of the tribe moved to Texas, becoming known as the Southern Band of Delaware Indians
*'''1638: '''Swedish lived&nbsp;moved into the Delaware Bay area
*'''1682:''' Treaty with William Penn.
*'''1700's: '''Tribal members began to&nbsp;settle&nbsp;along the&nbsp;Ohio&nbsp;River&nbsp;
*'''1789:''' some removed to Missouri and later to Arkansas
*'''1800: '''Many migrate to Indiana
*'''1820:''' Some moved to Texas  
*'''1835:''' Many members&nbsp;resettled&nbsp;in Kansas
*'''1859:''' Delaware tribal members living in Texas removed to western Oklahoma&nbsp;
*'''1867: '''Tribe began to settle west of the Mississippi River some removed to Canada
*'''1867: '''Delaware tribal members living in Kansas move to eastern Oklahoma&nbsp;and purchase rights in the Cherokee Nation. In 1890 become Cherokee citizens&nbsp;


==== Brief History  ====
The band was under the jurisdiction of the Caddo and Red River Agencies


==== Reservations  ====
1847-59: The band was under the jurisdiction of the Texas Agency


==== Additional Reference to the History of the Tribe ====
1859-78: The band was under the jurisdiction of the Wichita Agency
 
1878-80: the band was under the jurisdiction of the Kiowa Agency
 
The Southern Band was under the jurisdiction of the Southern and Central Superintendencies
 
=== Additional Reference  ===


Frederick Webb Hodge, in his [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/delaware/delawarehist.htm Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico], gave a more complete history of the Delaware tribe, with estimations of the population of the tribe at various time periods. Additional details are given in John Swanton's [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/newjersey/index.htm The Indian Tribes of North America].  
Frederick Webb Hodge, in his [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/delaware/delawarehist.htm Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico], gave a more complete history of the Delaware tribe, with estimations of the population of the tribe at various time periods. Additional details are given in John Swanton's [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/newjersey/index.htm The Indian Tribes of North America].  


Ohio History Central article on the [http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=584 Delaware Indians]  
Brinton, Daniel Gerrison. The Lenape and their legends: with an anonymous ms. in the archives of the Moravian Church at Bethlehem, Pa. {{FSC|1426628|item|disp=FS Library Book 970.3 D375b}}
 
Brinton, Daniel Gerrison. A Lenape-English dictionary: from an anonymous ms. in the archives of the Moravian Church at Bethlehem, PA. {{FSC|47578|disp=FS Library film 1697586}}
 
[https://ohiohistorycentral.org/w/Delaware_Indians Delaware Indians] at Ohio History Central.
 
The Delaware Tribe was under the following jurisdictions
 
=== Agencies  ===
 
[[Agencies of the Bureau of Indian Affairs|Agencies]] and subagencies were created as administrative offices of the [[Bureau of Indian Affairs|Bureau of Indian Affairs]] and its predecessors. Their purpose was (and is) to manage Indian affairs with the tribes, to enforce policies, and to assist in maintaining the peace. The names and location of these agencies may have changed, but their purpose remained basically the same. ''Many of the records of genealogical value were created by these offices''.
 
The following list of agencies that have operated or now exist in Illinois has been compiled from Hill's ''Office of Indian Affairs...''<ref>Hill, Edward E. ''The Office of Indian Affairs, 1824-1880: Historical Sketches'', Clearwater Publishing Co., Inc. 1974. (FamilySearch Library {{FSC|247426|title-id|disp=book 970.1 H551o}}.)</ref>, Hill's ''Guide to Records in the National Archives Relating to American Indians''<ref>Hill, Edward E. (comp.). ''Guide to Records in the National Archives of the United States Relating to American Indians''. Washington DC: National Archives and Records Service, General Services Administration, 1981. (FS Library {{FSC|207428|title-id|disp=book 970.1 H551g}}.)</ref>, and others.  
 
[[Agencies of the Bureau of Indian Affairs|Agencies]] are the field offices of the Bureau of Indian Affairs. They recorded most of the records pertaining to individual Indians.  
 
John G. Pratt Papers, 1834-1899 in the Kansas State Historical Society contains records of the Delaware agency, Wyandotte subagency and the Kansas agency FS Library films 812762-812765
 
[[Piqua Indian Agency (Ohio)|Piqua Agency]]
 
[[Ohio Indian Agency|Ohio Agency]]
 
[[Fort Leavenworth Indian Agency (Kansas)|Fort Leavenworth Agency]]
 
[[Kansas Indian Agency (Kansas)|Kansas Agency]]
 
[[Delaware Indian Agency (Kansas)|Delaware Agency]]
 
[[Cherokee Indian Agency (Oklahoma)|Cherokee Agency]]
 
[[Union Indian Agency (Oklahoma)|Union Agency]]
 
[[Caddo Indian Agency (Louisiana)|Caddo Agency]]
 
[[Red River Indian Agency (Louisiana)|Red River Agency]]
 
[[Texas Indian Agency (Texas)|Texas Agency]]
 
[[Wichita Indian Agency (Oklahoma)|Wichita Agency]]
 
[[Kiowa Indian Agency (Oklahoma)|Kiowa Agency]]  


=== Records  ===
=== Records  ===


==== Correspondence and Census  ====
The '''majority of records of individuals were those created by the agencies'''. Some records may be available to tribal members through the tribal headquarters.They were (and are) the local office of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, and were charged with maintaining records of the activities of those under their responsibility. Among these records are:<br>
 
*[[American Indian Allotment Records|Allotment records]]
*[[American Indian Annuity Rolls|Annuity rolls]]
*[[American Indian Census Rolls|Census records]]
*[[American Indian Correspondence and Reports|Correspondence]]
*[[American Indian Health Records|Health records]]
*[[American Indian Correspondence and Reports|Reports]]
*[[American Indian School Records|School census and records]]
*[[American Indian Vital Records Supplements in Census Rolls|Vital records]]
 
=== Reservations  ===
 
Reservations are tracks of land established by treaty or law for the Native Americans to occupy and use.
 
From the mid-1800s, the official policy of the United States government toward the Native Americans was to confine each tribe to a specific parcel of land called a reservation. Agencies were established on or near each reservation. A government representative, usually called an agent (or superintendent) was assigned to each agency. Their duties included maintaining the peace, making payments to the Native Americans based on the stipulations of the treaties with each tribe, and providing a means of communication between the native population and the federal government.
 
Sometimes, a single agency had jurisdiction over more than one reservation. And sometimes, if the tribal population and land area required it, an agency may have included sub-agencies.
 
The boundaries of reservations, over time, have changed. Usually, that means the reservations have been reduced in size. Sometimes, especially during the later policy of "termination," the official status of reservations was ended altogether.
 
The following list of reservations has been compiled from the ''National Atlas of the United States of America''<ref>National Atlas of the United States of America -- Federal Lands and Indian Reservations [http://www.nationalatlas.gov/printable/images/pdf/fedlands/il.pdf Available online.]</ref>, the ''Omni Gazetteer of the United States of America''<ref>Isaacs. Katherine M., editor. ''Omni Gazetteer of the United States of America''. U.S. Data Sourcebook, Volume 11 Appendices, Bureau of Indian Affairs List of American Indian Reservations, Appendix E, Indian Reservations. Omnigraphics, Inc., 1991.(FS Library book {{FSC|433280|title-id|disp=973 E5}})</ref>, and other sources. There are no current federally-recognized reservations in Illinois.
 
<br>There are hundreds of Indian Reservations in the United States. Many are federally recognized and supervised. Some are state reservations, administered by the state office of Indian Affairs.
 
=== Superintendencies  ===
 
[[Superintendencies - Bureau of Indian Affairs|Superintendencies]] authorized by the the Bureau of Indian Affairs supervised the local agencies and subagencies.
 
[[Michigan Superintendency of Indian Affairs|Michigan Superintendency]]
 
[[St. Louis Superintendency of Indian Affairs|St. Louis Superintendency]]
 
[[Central Superintendency of Indian Affairs|Central Superintendency]]
 
[[Southern Superintendency of Indian Affairs|Southern Superintendency]]
 
=== Records  ===
 
=== Allotment  ===
 
Allotment of Land to Delaware Indians 1865. John G. Pratt Papers, 1834-1899 in t he Kansas State Historical Society. FS Library film 812767 - 812769
 
=== Annuities  ===
 
''1826 Voucher for Annuities Paid Mississippi Territory''. ''The Journal of American Indian Family Research'', Vol.7, No. 1 (1986) FS Library 970.1 J825j
 
=== Correspondence and Census  ===


{| cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1"
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Rolls 962  
Rolls 962  


&nbsp;Roll Number  
Roll Number  


! scope="col" |  
! scope="col" |  
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FS Library


Film Number  
Film Number  
Line 71: Line 192:
Post-1885 Census  
Post-1885 Census  


&nbsp;M595&nbsp; RG 75 Rolls 693  
M595 RG 75 Rolls 693  


Roll Number  
Roll Number  


! scope="col" |  
! scope="col" |  
FHL
FS Library


Film Number  
Film Number  
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|}
|}


==== Treaties  ====
=== Census  ===
 
1862 ''Census of Delaware Indians ''FS Library Film: 989204
 
Census rolls various years, Delawares holding citizenship in the Cherokee Nation. FS Library|Film: 989204
 
1883 ''Census of Wichita Agency Heads of Families''. ''The Tree Tracers'', Southwest Oklahoma Genealogical Society, Lawton, OK, Vol. 23 No. 2 (Dec. 1998 - Feb. 1999)
 
1897-1898 Delaware Indian Census at Kiowa Agency, Oklahoma Territory FS Library film: 576900 Items 15 and Item 24
 
1927 Census, Kiowa Agency, Oklahoma FS Library Book Q970.466 B898c or Film 1697766 Item 12
 
1936 ''Absentee Delaware Census Roll''. ''The Tree Tracers'', Southwest Oklahoma Genealogical Society, Lawton, OK, Vol. 23 No. 2 (Dec. 1998 - Feb. 1999)
 
=== Church Records  ===
 
Gray, Elma E. Wilderness Christians: ''The Moravian Mission to the Delaware Indians''. {{FSC|536944|item|disp=FS Catalog book 970.3 D276g}}
 
=== Enrollment Records ===
 
Delaware Indians, adopted by the Cherokee tribe, rolls dealing with the Dawes Commission {{FSC|735817|item|disp=FS Library films 830229, 1022112,1023029, and 1490282}}
 
=== Indian Pioneer Papers ===
 
In 1936, the Oklahoma Historical Society and University of Oklahoma requested a writer's project grant from the Works Progress Administration (WPA) in which interviews would be conducted with early settlers in Oklahoma who had lived on Indian land. More than 100 writers conducted over 11,000 interviews and were asked to "call upon early settlers and (record) the story of the migration to Oklahoma and their early life here."<ref>Blackburn, Bob L. "Battle Cry for History: The First Century of the Oklahoma Historical Society." n.d. Oklahoma Historical Society. 5 Oct. 1998.</ref> The [http://digital.libraries.ou.edu/whc/pioneer/ University of Oklahoma Western History Collection] has digitized the Indian Pioneer Papers which consists of approximately 80,000 indexed entries arranged alphabetically by personal name, place name, or subject. <ref>The University of Oklahoma Western History Collections http://digital.libraries.ou.edu/whc/pioneer/</ref> An index to the Indian Pioneer Papers may also be found at [http://www.okgenweb.org/pioneer/ OkGenWeb Oklahoma Genealogy.] A separate index of Indians interviewed, including the Delaware, may be viewed at: [http://goodoowah.50megs.com/indpio/ “Indians in the Indian Pioneer Papers”] Two surnames from the Delaware tribe found in the collection are: Ketchum and Zeigler (Ketchum).
 
=== Land Records  ===
 
Allotted land: 55,599.92 acres. Tribal owned land 2,602.64 acres.<ref>Indian Reservations A State and Federal Handbook. Compiled by The Confederation of American Indians, New York, N.Y. McFarland and Co. Inc., Jefferson, North Carolina, c. 1986. FS Library book 970.1 In2 page 222 </ref>
 
=== School Records  ===
 
1858 and 1867 ''List of Delaware Pupils Attending the Baptist Mission School in Kansas Territory''. ''The Journal of American Indian Family Research'', Vol. 7, No.1, (1986) FS Library call 970.1 J825j
 
=== Treaties  ===
 
[[American Indian Treaties with the United States|Treaty]] an agreement made by negotiation between two or more nations, to resolve conflict, encourage peace, alliance , and commerce.


1682: Treaty with William Penn  
1682: Treaty with William Penn  
Line 157: Line 314:
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/del0937.htm 1866]
*[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/del0937.htm 1866]


=== Important Web Sites ===
=== Important Websites ===


*[http://www.narf.org/nill/triballaw/constitionsatoh.htm Constitution] of the Delaware Nation of Oklahoma  
*[http://www.narf.org/nill/triballaw/constitionsatoh.htm Constitution] of the Delaware Nation of Oklahoma  
*Brief history of the [http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=584 Delaware Indians in Ohio]  
*Brief history of the [https://ohiohistorycentral.org/w/Delaware_Indians Delaware Indians in Ohio]
*[http://www.delawarenation.com/Home/tabid/37/Default.aspx The Delaware Nation] Official Website  
*[http://www.delawarenation.com/Home/tabid/37/Default.aspx The Delaware Nation] Official Website  
*Official Website of the [http://www.delawaretribe.org/ Delaware Tribe of Indians]  
*Official Website of the [http://www.delawaretribe.org/ Delaware Tribe of Indians]  
*[http://www.delawaretribeofindians.nsn.us/ Delaware Tribe] Web Site  
*[http://www.delawaretribeofindians.nsn.us/ Delaware Tribe] Web Site  
*Delaware Tribe [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delaware_Tribe_of_Indians Wikipedia]
*Delaware Tribe [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delaware_Tribe_of_Indians Wikipedia]  
*Lenape [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenape Wikipedia]
*Lenape [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenape Wikipedia]


=== References  ===
=== For Further Reading ===
 
<references />
 
=== Bibliography ===


==== Tribe  ====
==== Tribe  ====


Weslager, C.A., ''The Delaware Indians: A History'', Rutgers University Press (1972), hardcover, 546 pages, ISBN:0-8135-0702-2
*Weslager, C.A., ''The Delaware Indians: A History'', Rutgers University Press (1972), hardcover, 546 pages, {{OCLC|282073}}


==== General  ====
==== General  ====


*[http://www.archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/075.html Guide to Federal Records in the National Archives; Record Group 75], Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs.
For background information to help find American Indian ancestors see [[American Indian For Further Reading|'''For Further Reading''']].  
*Hodge, Frederick Webb. ''Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico''. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1906 [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/ Available online].
*Klein, Barry T., ed. ''Reference Encyclopedia of the American Indian''. Nyack, New York: Todd Publications, 2009. 10th ed. [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/317923332?referer=list_view WorldCat 317923332]; [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=1122745&disp=Reference+encyclopedia+of+the+American+I%20%20&columns=*,0,0 FHL book 970.1 R259e].
*Malinowski, Sharon and Sheets, Anna, eds. The Gale Encyclopedia of Native American Tribes. Detroit: Gale Publishing, 1998. 4 volumes. Includes: Lists of Federally Recognized Tribes for U.S., Alaska, and Canada – pp. 513-529 Alphabetical Listing of Tribes, with reference to volume and page in this series Map of “Historic Locations of U.S. Native Groups” Map of “Historic Locations of Canadian Native Groups” Map of “Historic Locations of Mexican, Hawaiian and Caribbean Native Groups” Maps of “State and Federally Recognized U.S. Indian Reservations. [http://www.worldcat.org/search?q=no:037475188 WorldCat 37475188]; [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=831087&disp=The+Gale+encyclopedia+of+Native+American%20%20&columns=*,0,0 FHL book 970.1 G131g].


:Vol. 1 -- Northeast, Southeast, Caribbean
=== References  ===
:Vol. 2 -- Great Basin, Southwest, Middle America
:Vol. 3 -- Arctic, Subarctic, Great Plains, Plateau
:Vol. 4 -- California, Pacific Northwest, Pacific Islands
 
*Sturtevant, William C. ''Handbook of North American Indians''. 20 vols., some not yet published. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1978– . <br>
 
:Volume 1 -- Not yet published
:Volume 2 -- Indians in Contemporary Society (pub. 2008) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/234303751&referer=brief_results WorldCat 234303751]<br>
:Volume 3 -- Environment, Origins, and Population (pub. 2006) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/255572371&referer=brief_results WorldCat 255572371]<br>
:Volume 4 -- History of Indian-White Relations (pub. 1988) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/19331914&referer=brief_results WorldCat 19331914]; [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=248632&disp=Handbook+of+North+American+Indians%20%20&columns=*,0,0 FHL book 970.1 H191h v.4].<br>
:Volume 5 -- Arctic (pub. 1984) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/299653808&referer=brief_results WorldCat 299653808]; [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=248632&disp=Handbook+of+North+American+Indians%20%20&columns=*,0,0 FHL book 970.1 H191h v.5].<br>
:Volume 6 -- Subarctic (pub. 1981) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/247493742&referer=brief_results WorldCat 247493742]; [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=248632&disp=Handbook+of+North+American+Indians%20%20&columns=*,0,0 FHL book 970.1 H191h v.6].<br>
:Volume 7 -- Northwest Coast (pub. 1990) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/247493311&referer=brief_results WorldCat 247493311]<br>
:Volume 8 -- California (pub. 1978) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/13240086&referer=brief_results WorldCat 13240086]; [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=248632&disp=Handbook+of+North+American+Indians%20%20&columns=*,0,0 FHL book 970.1 H191h v.8].<br>
:Volume 9 -- Southwest (pub. 1979) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/26140053&referer=brief_results WorldCat 26140053]; [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=248632&disp=Handbook+of+North+American+Indians%20%20&columns=*,0,0 FHL book 970.1 H191h v.9].<br>
:Volume 10 -- Southwest (pub. 1983) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/301504096&referer=brief_results WorldCat 301504096]; [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=248632&disp=Handbook+of+North+American+Indians%20%20&columns=*,0,0 FHL book 970.1 H191h v.10].
:Volume 11 -- Great Basin (pub. 1986) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/256516416&referer=brief_results WorldCat 256516416]; [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=248632&disp=Handbook+of+North+American+Indians%20%20&columns=*,0,0 FHL book 970.1 H191h v.11].<br>
:Volume 12 -- Plateau (pub. 1998) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/39401371&referer=brief_results WorldCat 39401371]; [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=248632&disp=Handbook+of+North+American+Indians%20%20&columns=*,0,0 FHL book 970.1 H191h v.12].<br>
:Volume 13 -- Plains, 2 vols. (pub. 2001) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/48209643&referer=brief_results WorldCat 48209643]<br>
:Volume 14 -- Southeast (pub. 2004) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/254277176&referer=brief_results WorldCat 254277176]
:Volume 15 -- Northwest (pub. 1978) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/256517503&referer=brief_results WorldCat 356517503]; [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=248632&disp=Handbook+of+North+American+Indians%20%20&columns=*,0,0 FHL book 970.1 H191h v.15].<br>
:Volume 16 -- Not yet published
:Volume 17 -- Languages (pub. 1996) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/43957746&referer=brief_results WorldCat 43957746]<br>
:Volume 18 -- Not yet published
:Volume 19 -- Not yet published
:Volume 20 -- Not yet published


*Swanton John R. ''The Indian Tribes of North America''. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #145 [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/indianlocation.htm Available online].
{{reflist}} {{Native American nav}}
*Waldman, Carl. ''Encyclopedia of Native American Tribes''. New York, New York: Facts on File, 2006. 3rd ed. [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/14718193?referer=list_view WorldCat 14718193]; [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=1465222&disp=Encyclopedia+of+Native+American+tribes%20%20&columns=*,0,0 FHL book 970.1 W146e 2006].


[[Category:Indian_Tribes_of_the_United_States]] [[Category:Indian_Tribes_of_North_America]]
[[Category:Indigenous Tribes of Oklahoma]] [[Category:Indigenous Tribes of New Jersey]] [[Category:Indigenous Tribes of New York]] [[Category:Indigenous Tribes of Pennsylvania]] [[Category:Indigenous Tribes of Delaware]]

Latest revision as of 14:36, 18 April 2024

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Guide to Delaware Tribe of Indians ancestry, family history and genealogy: birth records, marriage records, death records, census records, and other agency records.

Painting of the Delaware Indians signing the Treaty of Penn with Benjamin West.

The Delaware Indians were originally known as the Lenape or Lenni Lenape Indians, the name they called themselves. The American colonists named them the Delaware Indians.

Clans: Tukwsi-t, the wolf; Pukuwanku, the turtle; and Pele, the turkey

Original homelands: Delaware, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and New York. Some later were removed to Oklahoma.

Tribal Headquarters[edit | edit source]

Delaware Nation
31064 State Highway #281 / P.O. Box 825
Anadarko, OK 73005
Phone: 405-247-2448
Website

The Tribal office of each tribe maintains many records of value to the Native American researcher. Most of the tribes require enrollment in the tribe before they allow access to the records of its members.

Tribal Population: 1984: Total Enrollment 989. [1]

History[edit | edit source]

The Delaware Confederacy included the Unami and Unalachtigo

The Delaware or Lenape were forced to cede lands and migrate many times, moving into Ohio in 1755, Kansas, Texas and Indian Territory

Brief Timeline[edit | edit source]

  • 1600's: First contact was with the Dutch
  • 1638: Swedish lived moved into the Delaware Bay area
  • 1682: Treaty with William Penn.
  • 1700's: Tribal members began to settle along the Ohio River
  • 1789: Some of the tribe removed to Missouri and later to Arkansas
  • 1795 Treaty
  • 1800: Many migrate to Indiana
  • 1820: Some moved to Texas, became known as the Southern band
  • 1824-51: The tribe was under the jurisdiction of the Fort Leavenworth Agency
  • 1832 Treaty
  • 1835: Many members resettled in Kansas
  • 1851-55: The tribe was under the jurisdiction of the Kansas Agency while living in Kansas
  • 1854 Treaty
  • 1855-73: The tribe was under the jurisdiction of the Delaware Agency
  • 1859: Delaware tribal members living in Texas removed to western Oklahoma
  • 1866 Treaty
  • 1867: Tribe began to settle west of the Mississippi River some removed to Canada
  • 1867: Delaware tribal members living in Kansas move to eastern Oklahoma and purchase rights in the Cherokee Nation. In 1890 become Cherokee citizens.
  • 1867-74: The tribe was under the jurisdiction of the Cherokee Agency
  • 1875-80: The tribe was under the jurisdiction of the Union Agency

The Southern Band

In the 1820s some of the tribe moved to Texas, becoming known as the Southern Band of Delaware Indians

The band was under the jurisdiction of the Caddo and Red River Agencies

1847-59: The band was under the jurisdiction of the Texas Agency

1859-78: The band was under the jurisdiction of the Wichita Agency

1878-80: the band was under the jurisdiction of the Kiowa Agency

The Southern Band was under the jurisdiction of the Southern and Central Superintendencies

Additional Reference[edit | edit source]

Frederick Webb Hodge, in his Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico, gave a more complete history of the Delaware tribe, with estimations of the population of the tribe at various time periods. Additional details are given in John Swanton's The Indian Tribes of North America.

Brinton, Daniel Gerrison. The Lenape and their legends: with an anonymous ms. in the archives of the Moravian Church at Bethlehem, Pa. FS Library Book 970.3 D375b

Brinton, Daniel Gerrison. A Lenape-English dictionary: from an anonymous ms. in the archives of the Moravian Church at Bethlehem, PA. FS Library film 1697586

Delaware Indians at Ohio History Central.

The Delaware Tribe was under the following jurisdictions

Agencies[edit | edit source]

Agencies and subagencies were created as administrative offices of the Bureau of Indian Affairs and its predecessors. Their purpose was (and is) to manage Indian affairs with the tribes, to enforce policies, and to assist in maintaining the peace. The names and location of these agencies may have changed, but their purpose remained basically the same. Many of the records of genealogical value were created by these offices.

The following list of agencies that have operated or now exist in Illinois has been compiled from Hill's Office of Indian Affairs...[2], Hill's Guide to Records in the National Archives Relating to American Indians[3], and others.

Agencies are the field offices of the Bureau of Indian Affairs. They recorded most of the records pertaining to individual Indians.

John G. Pratt Papers, 1834-1899 in the Kansas State Historical Society contains records of the Delaware agency, Wyandotte subagency and the Kansas agency FS Library films 812762-812765

Piqua Agency

Ohio Agency

Fort Leavenworth Agency

Kansas Agency

Delaware Agency

Cherokee Agency

Union Agency

Caddo Agency

Red River Agency

Texas Agency

Wichita Agency

Kiowa Agency

Records[edit | edit source]

The majority of records of individuals were those created by the agencies. Some records may be available to tribal members through the tribal headquarters.They were (and are) the local office of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, and were charged with maintaining records of the activities of those under their responsibility. Among these records are:

Reservations[edit | edit source]

Reservations are tracks of land established by treaty or law for the Native Americans to occupy and use.

From the mid-1800s, the official policy of the United States government toward the Native Americans was to confine each tribe to a specific parcel of land called a reservation. Agencies were established on or near each reservation. A government representative, usually called an agent (or superintendent) was assigned to each agency. Their duties included maintaining the peace, making payments to the Native Americans based on the stipulations of the treaties with each tribe, and providing a means of communication between the native population and the federal government.

Sometimes, a single agency had jurisdiction over more than one reservation. And sometimes, if the tribal population and land area required it, an agency may have included sub-agencies.

The boundaries of reservations, over time, have changed. Usually, that means the reservations have been reduced in size. Sometimes, especially during the later policy of "termination," the official status of reservations was ended altogether.

The following list of reservations has been compiled from the National Atlas of the United States of America[4], the Omni Gazetteer of the United States of America[5], and other sources. There are no current federally-recognized reservations in Illinois.


There are hundreds of Indian Reservations in the United States. Many are federally recognized and supervised. Some are state reservations, administered by the state office of Indian Affairs.

Superintendencies[edit | edit source]

Superintendencies authorized by the the Bureau of Indian Affairs supervised the local agencies and subagencies.

Michigan Superintendency

St. Louis Superintendency

Central Superintendency

Southern Superintendency

Records[edit | edit source]

Allotment[edit | edit source]

Allotment of Land to Delaware Indians 1865. John G. Pratt Papers, 1834-1899 in t he Kansas State Historical Society. FS Library film 812767 - 812769

Annuities[edit | edit source]

1826 Voucher for Annuities Paid Mississippi Territory. The Journal of American Indian Family Research, Vol.7, No. 1 (1986) FS Library 970.1 J825j

Correspondence and Census[edit | edit source]

Tribe Agency Location of Original Records

Pre-1880 Correspondence

M234 RG 75

Rolls 962

Roll Number

FS Library

Film Number

Post-1885 Census

M595 RG 75 Rolls 693

Roll Number

FS Library

Film Number

Delaware Anadarko Area Office, 1881-1962 Fort Worth - - Rolls 218-23 -
Delaware, Kansas Fort Leavenworth Agency, 1824-1962 Washington D.C. Rolls 300-03 - - -
Delaware, Kansas Kansas Agency, 1851-55 Washington D.C. Rolls 364-70 - - -
Delaware, Kansas Delaware Agency, 1855-73 Washington D.C. Rolls 274-80 - - -
Delaware,Indian Terr. Cherokee Agency, 1867-74 Washington D.C. Rolls 101-12 - - -
Delaware, Indian Terr. Union Agency, 1875-80 Washington D.C. Rolls 865-77 - - -

Census[edit | edit source]

1862 Census of Delaware Indians FS Library Film: 989204

Census rolls various years, Delawares holding citizenship in the Cherokee Nation. FS Library|Film: 989204

1883 Census of Wichita Agency Heads of Families. The Tree Tracers, Southwest Oklahoma Genealogical Society, Lawton, OK, Vol. 23 No. 2 (Dec. 1998 - Feb. 1999)

1897-1898 Delaware Indian Census at Kiowa Agency, Oklahoma Territory FS Library film: 576900 Items 15 and Item 24

1927 Census, Kiowa Agency, Oklahoma FS Library Book Q970.466 B898c or Film 1697766 Item 12

1936 Absentee Delaware Census Roll. The Tree Tracers, Southwest Oklahoma Genealogical Society, Lawton, OK, Vol. 23 No. 2 (Dec. 1998 - Feb. 1999)

Church Records[edit | edit source]

Gray, Elma E. Wilderness Christians: The Moravian Mission to the Delaware Indians. FS Catalog book 970.3 D276g

Enrollment Records[edit | edit source]

Delaware Indians, adopted by the Cherokee tribe, rolls dealing with the Dawes Commission FS Library films 830229, 1022112,1023029, and 1490282

Indian Pioneer Papers[edit | edit source]

In 1936, the Oklahoma Historical Society and University of Oklahoma requested a writer's project grant from the Works Progress Administration (WPA) in which interviews would be conducted with early settlers in Oklahoma who had lived on Indian land. More than 100 writers conducted over 11,000 interviews and were asked to "call upon early settlers and (record) the story of the migration to Oklahoma and their early life here."[6] The University of Oklahoma Western History Collection has digitized the Indian Pioneer Papers which consists of approximately 80,000 indexed entries arranged alphabetically by personal name, place name, or subject. [7] An index to the Indian Pioneer Papers may also be found at OkGenWeb Oklahoma Genealogy. A separate index of Indians interviewed, including the Delaware, may be viewed at: “Indians in the Indian Pioneer Papers” Two surnames from the Delaware tribe found in the collection are: Ketchum and Zeigler (Ketchum).

Land Records[edit | edit source]

Allotted land: 55,599.92 acres. Tribal owned land 2,602.64 acres.[8]

School Records[edit | edit source]

1858 and 1867 List of Delaware Pupils Attending the Baptist Mission School in Kansas Territory. The Journal of American Indian Family Research, Vol. 7, No.1, (1986) FS Library call 970.1 J825j

Treaties[edit | edit source]

Treaty an agreement made by negotiation between two or more nations, to resolve conflict, encourage peace, alliance , and commerce.

1682: Treaty with William Penn

Important Websites[edit | edit source]

For Further Reading[edit | edit source]

Tribe[edit | edit source]

  • Weslager, C.A., The Delaware Indians: A History, Rutgers University Press (1972), hardcover, 546 pages, WorldCat 282073

General[edit | edit source]

For background information to help find American Indian ancestors see For Further Reading.

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ Indian Reservations A State and Federal Handbook. Compiled by The Confederation of American Indians, New York, N.Y. McFarland and Co. Inc., Jefferson, North Carolina, c. 1986. FS Library book 970.1 In2 page 222
  2. ↑ Hill, Edward E. The Office of Indian Affairs, 1824-1880: Historical Sketches, Clearwater Publishing Co., Inc. 1974. (FamilySearch Library book 970.1 H551o.)
  3. ↑ Hill, Edward E. (comp.). Guide to Records in the National Archives of the United States Relating to American Indians. Washington DC: National Archives and Records Service, General Services Administration, 1981. (FS Library book 970.1 H551g.)
  4. ↑ National Atlas of the United States of America -- Federal Lands and Indian Reservations Available online.
  5. ↑ Isaacs. Katherine M., editor. Omni Gazetteer of the United States of America. U.S. Data Sourcebook, Volume 11 Appendices, Bureau of Indian Affairs List of American Indian Reservations, Appendix E, Indian Reservations. Omnigraphics, Inc., 1991.(FS Library book 973 E5)
  6. ↑ Blackburn, Bob L. "Battle Cry for History: The First Century of the Oklahoma Historical Society." n.d. Oklahoma Historical Society. 5 Oct. 1998.
  7. ↑ The University of Oklahoma Western History Collections http://digital.libraries.ou.edu/whc/pioneer/
  8. ↑ Indian Reservations A State and Federal Handbook. Compiled by The Confederation of American Indians, New York, N.Y. McFarland and Co. Inc., Jefferson, North Carolina, c. 1986. FS Library book 970.1 In2 page 222
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