Chad Languages: Difference between revisions
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{{Chad | {{CountrySidebar | ||
|Country=Chad | |||
|Name=Chad | |||
|Type=Topic | |||
|Topic Type=Background | |||
|Background=Languages | |||
|Rating=Standardized | |||
}}{{breadcrumb | |||
| link1=[[Chad Genealogy|Chad]] | | link1=[[Chad Genealogy|Chad]] | ||
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==Description== | ==Description== | ||
Chad has two official languages, '''French''' and '''Modern Standard Arabic''', and over 120 indigenous languages. A vernacular version of Arabic, '''Chadian Arabic''', is a lingua franca and the language of commerce, spoken by 40-60% of the population. The two official languages have fewer speakers than Chadian Arabic. Standard Arabic is spoken by around 615,000 speakers. French is widely spoken in the main cities such as N'Djamena and by most men in the south of the country. Most schooling is in French. <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Languages of Chad," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_Chad, accessed 6 April 2021.</ref> | Chad has two official languages, '''French''' and '''Modern Standard Arabic''', and over 120 indigenous languages. A vernacular version of Arabic, '''Chadian Arabic''', is a lingua franca and the language of commerce, spoken by 40-60% of the population. The two official languages have fewer speakers than Chadian Arabic. Standard Arabic is spoken by around 615,000 speakers. | ||
French is widely spoken in the main cities such as N'Djamena and by most men in the south of the country. Most schooling is in French. <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Languages of Chad," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_Chad, accessed 6 April 2021.</ref> Education in Chad is challenging due to the nation's dispersed population and a certain degree of reluctance on the part of parents to send their children to school. Although attendance is compulsory, only 68% of boys continue their education past primary school, and over half of the population is illiterate. Higher education is provided at the University of N'Djamena. <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Education in Chad," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Chad, accessed 7 April 2021.</ref> | |||
==Word List(s)== | ==Word List(s)== | ||
'''French''' | '''French''' | ||
*[[French Genealogical Word List]] | *[[French Genealogical Word List|French Genealogical Word List]] | ||
*[https://1000mostcommonwords.com/1000-most-common-french-words/ Most Common French Words] | *[https://1000mostcommonwords.com/1000-most-common-french-words/ Most Common French Words at 1000MostCommonWords] | ||
*[https://omniglot.com/language/phrases/french.php Useful French phrases at Omniglot] | |||
'''Modern Standard Arabic''' | '''Modern Standard Arabic''' | ||
*[[Arabic Genealogical Word List]] | *[[Arabic Genealogical Word List|Arabic Genealogical Word List]] | ||
*[http://www.modernstandardarabic.com/arabic-vocabulary/ Arabic Vocabulary] | *[http://www.modernstandardarabic.com/arabic-vocabulary/ Arabic Vocabulary at ModernStandardArabic] | ||
'''Chadian Arabic''' | |||
*[https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Chadian_Arabic_phrasebook Chadian Arabic phrasebook at WikiVoyage] | |||
==Alphabet and Pronunciation== | ==Alphabet and Pronunciation== | ||
'''French''' | '''French''' | ||
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_orthography French Alphabet and Pronunciation] | *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_orthography French Alphabet and Pronunciation at Wikipedia] | ||
*[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/french.htm French Alphabet and Pronunciation] | *[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/french.htm French Alphabet and Pronunciation at Omniglot] | ||
'''Modern Standard Arabic''' | '''Modern Standard Arabic''' | ||
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_phonology Arabic Phonology] | *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_phonology Arabic Phonology at Wikipedia] | ||
*[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/arabic.htm Modern Standard Arabic Alphabet and Pronunciation] | *[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/arabic.htm Modern Standard Arabic Alphabet and Pronunciation at Omniglot] | ||
*[https://thearabiclearner.com/the-arabic-alphabet/ Arabic Alphabet] | *[https://thearabiclearner.com/the-arabic-alphabet/ Arabic Alphabet at TheArabicLearner] | ||
*[https://www.optilingo.com/blog/arabic/the-arabic-alphabet/ The Arabic Alphabet] | *[https://www.optilingo.com/blog/arabic/the-arabic-alphabet/ The Arabic Alphabet at Optilingo] | ||
==Language Aids and Dictionaries== | ==Language Aids and Dictionaries== | ||
'''French''' | '''French''' | ||
*[[French Handwriting]] | *[[French Handwriting|French Handwriting]] | ||
*[[French Letter Writing Guide]] | *[[French Letter Writing Guide|French Letter Writing Guide]] | ||
*[[France Languages| French Languages]] | *[[France Languages|French Languages]] | ||
*[https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/french-english/ French to English Dictionary] | *[https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/french-english/ French to English Dictionary at Cambridge] | ||
*[https://www.lexilogos.com/english/french_dictionary.htm French Dictionary] | *[https://www.lexilogos.com/english/french_dictionary.htm French Dictionary at Lexilogos] | ||
'''Modern Standard Arabic''' | '''Modern Standard Arabic''' | ||
*[https://www.mustgo.com/worldlanguages/arabic-modern-standard/ Arabic Modern Standard] | *[https://www.mustgo.com/worldlanguages/arabic-modern-standard/ Arabic Modern Standard at MustGo] | ||
*[https://en.glosbe.com/en/ar Dictionary English - Arabic at Glosbe] | |||
'''Chadian Arabic''' | '''Chadian Arabic''' | ||
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chadian_Arabic Chadian Arabic] | *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chadian_Arabic Chadian Arabic at Wikipedia] | ||
*[https://wikivisually.com/wiki/Chadian_Arabic Chadian Arabic at WikiVisually] | |||
*[https://en.glosbe.com/en/shu Dictionary English - Chadian Arabic at Glosbe] | |||
==Additional Resources== | ==Additional Resources== | ||
* Simon & Schuster Audio (Firm), and Pimsleur (Firm). ''Conversational modern standard Arabic.'' New York: Simon & Schuster, 2012. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/1105225619 WorldCat]. | |||
* Abboud, Peter F, and Ernest N McCarus. ''Elementary modern standard Arabic.'' Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/1114760079 WorldCat]. | |||
* Absi, Samir Abu, and Andre Sinaud. ''Basic Chad Arabic.'' Bloomington: Intensive Language Training Center, Indiana University, 1968. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/4710235 WorldCat]. | |||
== References == | == References == | ||
{{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
[[Category:Chad]] | [[Category:Chad]] | ||
Latest revision as of 12:12, 20 March 2024
| Chad Wiki Topics |
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| Chad Beginning Research |
| Record Types |
| Chad Background |
| Chad Genealogical Word Lists |
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| Local Research Resources |
Description
Chad has two official languages, French and Modern Standard Arabic, and over 120 indigenous languages. A vernacular version of Arabic, Chadian Arabic, is a lingua franca and the language of commerce, spoken by 40-60% of the population. The two official languages have fewer speakers than Chadian Arabic. Standard Arabic is spoken by around 615,000 speakers. French is widely spoken in the main cities such as N'Djamena and by most men in the south of the country. Most schooling is in French. [1] Education in Chad is challenging due to the nation's dispersed population and a certain degree of reluctance on the part of parents to send their children to school. Although attendance is compulsory, only 68% of boys continue their education past primary school, and over half of the population is illiterate. Higher education is provided at the University of N'Djamena. [2]
Word List(s)
French
- French Genealogical Word List
- Most Common French Words at 1000MostCommonWords
- Useful French phrases at Omniglot
Modern Standard Arabic
Chadian Arabic
Alphabet and Pronunciation
French
Modern Standard Arabic
- Arabic Phonology at Wikipedia
- Modern Standard Arabic Alphabet and Pronunciation at Omniglot
- Arabic Alphabet at TheArabicLearner
- The Arabic Alphabet at Optilingo
Language Aids and Dictionaries
French
- French Handwriting
- French Letter Writing Guide
- French Languages
- French to English Dictionary at Cambridge
- French Dictionary at Lexilogos
Modern Standard Arabic
Chadian Arabic
- Chadian Arabic at Wikipedia
- Chadian Arabic at WikiVisually
- Dictionary English - Chadian Arabic at Glosbe
Additional Resources
- Simon & Schuster Audio (Firm), and Pimsleur (Firm). Conversational modern standard Arabic. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2012. Available at: WorldCat.
- Abboud, Peter F, and Ernest N McCarus. Elementary modern standard Arabic. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007. Available at: WorldCat.
- Absi, Samir Abu, and Andre Sinaud. Basic Chad Arabic. Bloomington: Intensive Language Training Center, Indiana University, 1968. Available at: WorldCat.
References
- ↑ Wikipedia contributors, "Languages of Chad," in Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_Chad, accessed 6 April 2021.
- ↑ Wikipedia contributors, "Education in Chad," in Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Chad, accessed 7 April 2021.