Republic of the Congo Languages: Difference between revisions

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==Description==
==Description==
The Republic of the Congo, also known as Congo-Brazzaville, the Congo Republic or simply either Congo or the Congo, is a country located in the western coast of Central Africa. It should not be confused with the large neighboring country of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Republic of the Congo," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo, accessed 8 April 2021.</ref> The official language is French with Kituba and Lingala as national languages.
*'''French''' - Spoken by 30% of the Congolese population
*'''Kituba or Munukutuba''' - A simplified Kikongo creole is used by 50.35% of the population who live in the south
*'''Lingala''' - The river language that is spoken mainly in the north and east and has grown quickly in the past few years <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Languages of the Republic of the Congo," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo, accessed 8 April 2021.</ref>
==Word List(s)==
==Word List(s)==
'''French'''
*[[French Genealogical Word List|French Genealogical Word List]]
*[https://1000mostcommonwords.com/1000-most-common-french-words/ Most Common French Words at 1000MostCommonWords]
*[https://omniglot.com/language/phrases/french.php Useful French phrases at Omniglot]
'''Kituba or Munukutuba'''
*[http://www.kupsala.net/risto/kongo/kituba-english.html Kituba-English Word List at Kupsala]
'''Lingala'''
*[https://omniglot.com/language/phrases/lingala.htm#phrases Useful phrases in Lingala at Omniglot]
==Alphabet and Pronunciation==
==Alphabet and Pronunciation==
'''French'''
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_orthography French Alphabet and Pronunciation at Wikipedia]
*[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/french.htm French Alphabet and Pronunciation at Omniglot]
'''Kituba or Munukutuba'''
*[https://omniglot.com/writing/kituba.htm Kituba Alphabet and Pronunciation at Omniglot]
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kituba_language#Vowels Kituba Vowels at Wikipedia]
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kituba_language#Consonants Kituba Consonants at Wikipedia]
'''Lingala'''
*[https://omniglot.com/writing/lingala.htm Lingala Alphabet and Pronunciation at Omniglot]
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala#Phonology Lingala Phonology at Wikipedia]
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala#Alphabet Lingala Alphabet and Pronunciation at Wikipedia]
The Lingala language has 35 letters and digraphs. The digraphs each have a specific order in the alphabet; for example, ''mza'' will be expected to be ordered before ''mba'', because the digraph ''mb'' follows the letter ''m''. The letters ''r'' and ''h'' are rare but present in borrowed words.
The accents indicate the tones as follows:
* no accent for default tone, the low tone
* acute accent for the high tone
* circumflex for descending tone
* caron for ascending tone
{| class="wikitable"
! style="width:30px;"|
! style="width:30px;"|
! Variants
! Example
|-
||a
||A
||á â ǎ
||nyama, matáta, sâmbóle, libwǎ
|-
||b
||B
||
||bísó
|-
||c
||C
||
||ciluba
|-
||d
||D
||
||{{IPA|madɛ́su}}
|-
||e
||E
||é ê ě
||komeka, mésa, kobênga
|-
||{{IPA|ɛ}}
||{{IPA|Ɛ}}
||{{IPA|ɛ́ ɛ̂ ɛ̌}}
||{{IPA|lɛlɔ́, lɛ́ki, tɛ̂}}
|-
||f
||F
||
||lifúta
|-
||g
||G
||
||kogánga
|-
||gb
||Gb
||
||gbagba
|-
||h
||H
||
||bo'''h'''lu (bohrium)
|-
||i
||I
||í î ǐ
||wápi, zíko, tî, esǐ
|-
||k
||K
||
||kokoma
|-
||l
||L
||
||kolála
|-
||m
||M
||
||kokóma
|-
||mb
||Mb
||
||kolámba, mbwá, mbɛlí
|-
||mp
||Mp
||
||límpa
|-
||n
||N
||
||líno
|-
||nd
||Nd
||
||ndeko
|-
||ng
||Ng
||
||ndéngé
|-
||nk
||Nk
||
||nkámá
|-
||ns
||Ns
||
||{{IPA|nsɔ́mi}}
|-
||nt
||Nt
||
||ntaba
|-
||ny
||Ny
||
||nyama
|-
||nz
||Nz
||
||nzala
|-
||o
||o
||ó ô ǒ
||moto, sóngóló, sékô
|-
||{{IPA|ɔ}}
||{{IPA|Ɔ}}
||{{IPA|ɔ́ ɔ̂ ɔ̌}}
||{{IPA|sɔsɔ, yɔ́, sɔ̂lɔ, tɔ̌}}
|-
||p
||P
||
||{{IPA|pɛnɛpɛnɛ}}
|-
||r
||R
||
||mala'''r'''íya
|-
||s
||S
||
||kopésa
|-
||t
||T
||
||tatá
|-
||u
||U
||ú
||butú, koúma
|-
||v
||V
||
||kovánda
|-
||w
||W
||
||káwa
|-
||y
||Y
||
||koyéba
|-
||z
||Z
||
||kozala
|}
==Language Aids and Dictionaries==
==Language Aids and Dictionaries==
'''French'''
*[[French Handwriting|French Handwriting]]
*[[French Letter Writing Guide|French Letter Writing Guide]]
*[[France Languages|France Languages]]
*[https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/french-english/ French to English Dictionary at Cambridge]
*[https://www.lexilogos.com/english/french_dictionary.htm French Dictionary at Lexilogos]
'''Kituba or Munukutuba'''
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kituba_language#Pronouns Kituba Pronouns at Wikipedia]
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kituba_language#Nouns Kituba Nouns at Wikipedia]
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kituba_language#Verbs Kituba Verbs at Wikipedia]
*[https://glosbe.com/en/ktu Dictionary English - Kituba at Glosbe]
'''Lingala'''
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala#Characteristics_and_usage Characteristics and usage at Wikipedia]
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala#Noun_class_system Lingala Noun class system at Wikipedia]
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala#Verbal_extensions Verbal extensions at Wikipedia]
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingala#Tense_inflections Tense inflections at Wikipedia]
*[https://www.lexilogos.com/english/lingala_dictionary.htm Lingala dictionary at Lexilogos]
* Guthrie, Malcolm, and J F Carrington. ''Lingala : grammar and dictionary : English-Lingala, Lingala-English.'' London: Baptist Missionary Society, 1988. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/906621507 WorldCat].
* Mawadza, Aquilina, and Yeno Matuka. ''Lingala dictionary & phrasebook : a language of Central Africa.'' New York: Hippocrene Books, Inc, 2016. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/953738585 WorldCat].
==Additional Resources==
==Additional Resources==
* Baongoli, Arizona M. ''Learn to speak Lingala.'' Eldoret, Kenya: A.M. Baongoli, 2009. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/723497964 WorldCat].
* Redden, James E, F Bongo, and Foreign Service Institute (U.S.). ''Lingala : basic course.'' Washington: Dept. of State, 1963. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/3100336 WorldCat].
* Swift, Lloyd B, Emil W A Zola, and Foreign Service Institute (U.S.). ''BOOKTITLE.'' Washington, D.C: Dept. of State, 1963. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/877994 WorldCat].
== References  ==
== References  ==


[[Category:Republic of the Congo]]
[[Category:Republic of the Congo]]

Latest revision as of 20:15, 20 March 2024


Republic of the Congo Wiki Topics
Flag of Republic of the Congo
Republic of the Congo Beginning Research
Record Types
Republic of the Congo Background
Local Research Resources

Description[edit | edit source]

The Republic of the Congo, also known as Congo-Brazzaville, the Congo Republic or simply either Congo or the Congo, is a country located in the western coast of Central Africa. It should not be confused with the large neighboring country of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. [1] The official language is French with Kituba and Lingala as national languages.

  • French - Spoken by 30% of the Congolese population
  • Kituba or Munukutuba - A simplified Kikongo creole is used by 50.35% of the population who live in the south
  • Lingala - The river language that is spoken mainly in the north and east and has grown quickly in the past few years [2]

Word List(s)[edit | edit source]

French

Kituba or Munukutuba

Lingala

Alphabet and Pronunciation[edit | edit source]

French

Kituba or Munukutuba

Lingala

The Lingala language has 35 letters and digraphs. The digraphs each have a specific order in the alphabet; for example, mza will be expected to be ordered before mba, because the digraph mb follows the letter m. The letters r and h are rare but present in borrowed words. The accents indicate the tones as follows:

  • no accent for default tone, the low tone
  • acute accent for the high tone
  • circumflex for descending tone
  • caron for ascending tone
Variants Example
a A á â ǎ nyama, matáta, sâmbóle, libwǎ
b B bísó
c C ciluba
d D madɛ́su
e E é ê ě komeka, mésa, kobênga
ɛ Ɛ ɛ́ ɛ̂ ɛ̌ lɛlɔ́, lɛ́ki, tɛ̂
f F lifúta
g G kogánga
gb Gb gbagba
h H bohlu (bohrium)
i I í î ǐ wápi, zíko, tî, esǐ
k K kokoma
l L kolála
m M kokóma
mb Mb kolámba, mbwá, mbɛlí
mp Mp límpa
n N líno
nd Nd ndeko
ng Ng ndéngé
nk Nk nkámá
ns Ns nsɔ́mi
nt Nt ntaba
ny Ny nyama
nz Nz nzala
o o ó ô ǒ moto, sóngóló, sékô
ɔ Ɔ ɔ́ ɔ̂ ɔ̌ sɔsɔ, yɔ́, sɔ̂lɔ, tɔ̌
p P pɛnɛpɛnɛ
r R malaríya
s S kopésa
t T tatá
u U ú butú, koúma
v V kovánda
w W káwa
y Y koyéba
z Z kozala

Language Aids and Dictionaries[edit | edit source]

French

Kituba or Munukutuba

Lingala

Additional Resources[edit | edit source]

  • Baongoli, Arizona M. Learn to speak Lingala. Eldoret, Kenya: A.M. Baongoli, 2009. Available at: WorldCat.
  • Redden, James E, F Bongo, and Foreign Service Institute (U.S.). Lingala : basic course. Washington: Dept. of State, 1963. Available at: WorldCat.
  • Swift, Lloyd B, Emil W A Zola, and Foreign Service Institute (U.S.). BOOKTITLE. Washington, D.C: Dept. of State, 1963. Available at: WorldCat.

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ Wikipedia contributors, "Republic of the Congo," in Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo, accessed 8 April 2021.
  2. ↑ Wikipedia contributors, "Languages of the Republic of the Congo," in Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo, accessed 8 April 2021.
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