Federated States of Micronesia Languages: Difference between revisions
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{{Federated States of Micronesia | {{CountrySidebar | ||
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|Name=Federated States of Micronesia | |||
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|Topic Type=Background | |||
|Background=Languages | |||
|Rating=Standardized | |||
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| link1=[[Federated States of Micronesia Genealogy|Federated States of Micronesia]] | | link1=[[Federated States of Micronesia Genealogy|Federated States of Micronesia]] | ||
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*'''Chuukese''' (also known at Trukese) - spoken primarily on the islands of Chuuk. <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Chuukese language," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuukese_language, accessed 20 March 2021.</ref> | *'''Chuukese''' (also known at Trukese) - spoken primarily on the islands of Chuuk. <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Chuukese language," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuukese_language, accessed 20 March 2021.</ref> | ||
*'''Kapingamarangi''' - closely related to the Nukuoro language. <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Kapingamarangi language," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapingamarangi_language, accessed 20 March 2021.</ref> | *'''Kapingamarangi''' - closely related to the Nukuoro language. <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Kapingamarangi language," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapingamarangi_language, accessed 20 March 2021.</ref> | ||
*''' | *'''Kosraean''' (sometimes rendered Kusiaean) - spoken on the islands of Kosrea. <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Kosraean language," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosraean_language, accessed 20 March 2021.</ref> | ||
*'''Nukuoro''' - spoken on the Nukuoro Atoll and on Pohnpei <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Nukuoro language," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nukuoro_language, accessed 20 March 2021.</ref> | *'''Nukuoro''' - spoken on the Nukuoro Atoll and on Pohnpei <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Nukuoro language," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nukuoro_language, accessed 20 March 2021.</ref> | ||
*'''Pohnpeian''' - spoken on the island of Pohnpei. <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Pohnpeian language," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pohnpeian_language, accessed 20 March 2021.</ref> | *'''Pohnpeian''' - spoken on the island of Pohnpei. <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Pohnpeian language," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pohnpeian_language, accessed 20 March 2021.</ref> | ||
*'''Ulithian''' - spoken on Ulithi Atoll and neighboring islands. <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Ulithian language," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulithian_language, accessed 20 March 2021.</ref> | *'''Ulithian''' - spoken on Ulithi Atoll and neighboring islands. <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Ulithian language," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulithian_language, accessed 20 March 2021.</ref> | ||
*''' | *'''Woleaian''' - main language on the island of Woleai and surrounding smaller islands. <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Woleaian language," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woleaian_language, accessed 20 March 2021.</ref> | ||
*'''Yapese''' - spoken by the people on the island of Yap. <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Yapese language," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yapese_language, accessed 20 March 2021.</ref> | *'''Yapese''' - spoken by the people on the island of Yap. <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Yapese language," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yapese_language, accessed 20 March 2021.</ref> | ||
Other indigenous languages spoken by smaller numbers include: | |||
*'''Mortlockese''' - spoken on the Mortlock Islands. <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Mortlockese language," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mortlockese_language, accessed 20 March 2021.</ref> | |||
*'''Pingelapese''' - spoken on Pingelap. <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Pingelapese language," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pingelapese_language, accessed 20 March 2021.</ref> | |||
*'''Mokilese''' - spoken on Mwoakilloa. <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Mokilese language," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mokilese_language, accessed 20 March 2021.</ref> | |||
*'''Puluwat''' - spoken on Poluwat. <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Puluwat language," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puluwat_language, accessed 20 March 2021.</ref> | |||
*'''Pááfang''' - spoken on the Hll Islands. <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Pááfang language," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1%C3%A1fang_language, accessed 20 March 2021.</ref> | |||
*'''Namonuito''' - spoken on Namonuito Atoll. <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Namonuito language," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namonuito_language, accessed 20 March 2021.</ref> | |||
*'''Ngatikese''' - spoken on Sapwuahfik Atoll. <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Ngatikese language," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngatikese_language, accessed 20 March 2021.</ref> | |||
*'''Satawalese''' - very similar to Mortlockese. <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Satawalese language," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satawalese_language, accessed 20 March 2021.</ref> | |||
*'''Nguluwan''' - spoken on Nguluwan Atoll. <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Nguluwan language," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nguluwan_language, accessed 20 March 2021.</ref> | |||
*'''Ngatikese Creole''' - spoken on the atoll of Sapwuahfik. <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Ngatikese Creole," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngatikese_Creole, accessed 20 March 2021.</ref> | |||
NOTE: many elderly people are fluent in Japanese. | NOTE: many elderly people are fluent in Japanese. | ||
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*[[Spanish Genealogical Word List]] | *[[Spanish Genealogical Word List]] | ||
*[[German Genealogical Word List]] | *[[German Genealogical Word List]] | ||
Word List in Native Languages: | |||
*[https://omniglot.com/language/phrases/chuukese.htm Useful Phrases in Chuukese (Omniglot)] | |||
*[https://www.omniglot.com/language/phrases/yapese.php Useful Phrases in Yapese (Omniglot)] | |||
==Alphabet and Pronunciation== | ==Alphabet and Pronunciation== | ||
Chuukese | *[https://omniglot.com/writing/chuukese.htm Chuukese language (Omniglot online encyclopedia of writing systems and Languages)] | ||
Pohnpeian | *[https://omniglot.com/writing/kapingamarangi.htm Kapingamarangi language (Omniglot online encyclopedia of writing systems and Languages)] | ||
*[https://omniglot.com/writing/kosraean.htm Kosraean language (Omniglot online encyclopedia of writing systems and Languages)] | |||
*[https://omniglot.com/writing/nukuoro.htm Nukuoro language (Omniglot online encyclopedia of writing systems and Languages)] | |||
*[https://omniglot.com/writing/pohnpeian.htm Pohnpeian language (Omniglot online encyclopedia of writing systems and Languages)] | |||
*[https://omniglot.com/writing/ulithian.htm Ulithian language (Omniglot online encyclopedia of writing systems and Languages)] | |||
*[https://omniglot.com/writing/woleaian.htm Woleaian language (Omniglot online encyclopedia of writing systems and Languages)] | |||
*[https://omniglot.com/writing/yapese.htm Yapese language (Omniglot online encyclopedia of writing systems and Languages)] | |||
'''Pronunciation Examples''' | |||
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xou_8rwLaFU&t=24s The Sound of the Chuukese language - YouTube] | |||
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n8RM_N7dhO0 The Sound of the Pohneian language - YouTube] | |||
==Language Aids and Dictionaries== | ==Language Aids and Dictionaries== | ||
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*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woleaian_language Woleaian language - Wikipedia] | *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woleaian_language Woleaian language - Wikipedia] | ||
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yapese_language Yapese language - Wikipedia] | *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yapese_language Yapese language - Wikipedia] | ||
'''Dictionaries''' | |||
* Goodenough, Ward Hunt and Hiroshi Sugita. ''Trukese-English dictionary.'' Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1990. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/21113510 WorldCat]. | |||
* Elbert, Samuel H. ''Trukese-English and English-Trukese dictionary.'' Pearl Harbor, T. H.: United States Naval Military Government, 1947. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/802009 WorldCat]. | |||
* Lieber, Michael D and Kalio H Dikepa. ''Kapingamarangi lexicon.'' Honolulu: The Univ, Press of Hawaii, 1974. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/469120651 WorldCat]. | |||
* Elbert, Samuel H. ''Grammar and comparative study of the language of Kapingamarangi.'' Salt Lake City, Utah: Genealogical Society of Utah, 1978. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/865617488 WorldCat]. | |||
* Yi, Ki-dong. ''Kusaiean-English dictionary.'' Honolulu: University Press of Hawaii, 1987. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/317800674 WorldCat]. | |||
* Carroll, Vern and Topias Soulik. ''Nukuoro lexicon.'' Honolulu: Univ. Pr. of Hawaii, 1973. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/251909430 WorldCat]. | |||
* Burdick, Alan. ''Dictionary of the Ponapean language.'' n.p.: n.p., 1970. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/41689640 WorldCat]. | |||
* Rehg, Kenneth L and Damian G Sohl. ''Ponapean-English dictionary.'' Honolulu: University Press of Hawaii, 1979. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/643650354 WorldCat]. | |||
* Mellen, Neil J and John A Hancock. ''Ulithian-English dictionary.'' Columbia, S.C.: Habele Outer Island Education Fund, 2010. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/639053051 WorldCat]. | |||
* Sohn, Ho-min and Anthony F Tawerilmang. ''Woleaian-English dictionary.'' Honolulu: University Press of Hawaii, 1976. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/747011080 WorldCat]. | |||
* Jensen, John Thayer. ''Yapese-English dictionary.'' Ann Arbor, Mich.: UMI Out-of-Orint Books on Demand, 1990. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/21548750 WorldCat]. | |||
'''Online Dictionaries''' | |||
*[https://en.glosbe.com/chk/en Chuukese-English Dictionary] | |||
*[https://en.glosbe.com/en/kpg Kapingamarangi-English Dictionary] | |||
*[https://en.glosbe.com/en/kos Kosraean-English Dictionary] | |||
*[https://glosbe.com/nkr/en Nukuoro-English Dictionary] | |||
*[https://www.trussel2.com/pnp/ Pohnpeian-English Dictionary] | |||
*[https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/read/11736907/ulithian-english-dictionary-habele Ulithian-English Dictionary] | |||
*[https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10125/62920/9780824882273.pdf Woleaian-English Dictionary (University of Hawai'i Press)] | |||
*[https://tekinged.com/books/yapese_dict/dict.pdf Yapese-English Dictionary (Pali Language Texts)] | |||
==Additional Resources== | ==Additional Resources== | ||
* ''Languages of the Federated States of Micronesia.'' Memphis, Tenn.: Books LLC, 2010. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/739937143 WorldCat]. | |||
* Daigaku, Shiga Kenritsu and Ningen Bunka Gakubu. ''BOOKTITLE.'' PLACE: PUBLISHER, DATE. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/56500441 WorldCat]. | |||
* Grimes, B. ''Micronesian Languages.'' n.p.: Oxford University Press, 2003. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/4811310620 WorldCat]. | |||
== References == | == References == | ||
Latest revision as of 12:08, 20 March 2024
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Description[edit | edit source]
Micronesians speak English plus a native tongue. English is the official language of the government and of commerce.
There are eight main indigenous languages in the Federated States of Micronesia.
- Chuukese (also known at Trukese) - spoken primarily on the islands of Chuuk. [1]
- Kapingamarangi - closely related to the Nukuoro language. [2]
- Kosraean (sometimes rendered Kusiaean) - spoken on the islands of Kosrea. [3]
- Nukuoro - spoken on the Nukuoro Atoll and on Pohnpei [4]
- Pohnpeian - spoken on the island of Pohnpei. [5]
- Ulithian - spoken on Ulithi Atoll and neighboring islands. [6]
- Woleaian - main language on the island of Woleai and surrounding smaller islands. [7]
- Yapese - spoken by the people on the island of Yap. [8]
Other indigenous languages spoken by smaller numbers include:
- Mortlockese - spoken on the Mortlock Islands. [9]
- Pingelapese - spoken on Pingelap. [10]
- Mokilese - spoken on Mwoakilloa. [11]
- Puluwat - spoken on Poluwat. [12]
- Pááfang - spoken on the Hll Islands. [13]
- Namonuito - spoken on Namonuito Atoll. [14]
- Ngatikese - spoken on Sapwuahfik Atoll. [15]
- Satawalese - very similar to Mortlockese. [16]
- Nguluwan - spoken on Nguluwan Atoll. [17]
- Ngatikese Creole - spoken on the atoll of Sapwuahfik. [18]
NOTE: many elderly people are fluent in Japanese.
The records are in Spanish, German, English, or the native tongue, depending on the time period and the island or island group.[19]
Word List(s)[edit | edit source]
For word lists and help researching in Federated States of Micronesia records, see:
Word List in Native Languages:
Alphabet and Pronunciation[edit | edit source]
- Chuukese language (Omniglot online encyclopedia of writing systems and Languages)
- Kapingamarangi language (Omniglot online encyclopedia of writing systems and Languages)
- Kosraean language (Omniglot online encyclopedia of writing systems and Languages)
- Nukuoro language (Omniglot online encyclopedia of writing systems and Languages)
- Pohnpeian language (Omniglot online encyclopedia of writing systems and Languages)
- Ulithian language (Omniglot online encyclopedia of writing systems and Languages)
- Woleaian language (Omniglot online encyclopedia of writing systems and Languages)
- Yapese language (Omniglot online encyclopedia of writing systems and Languages)
Pronunciation Examples
Language Aids and Dictionaries[edit | edit source]
Language Aids
- Chuukese language - Wikipedia
- Kapingamarangi language - Wikipedia
- Kosraean language - Wikipedia
- Nukuoro language - Wikipedia
- Pohnpeian language - Wikipedia
- Ulithian language - Wikipedia
- Woleaian language - Wikipedia
- Yapese language - Wikipedia
Dictionaries
- Goodenough, Ward Hunt and Hiroshi Sugita. Trukese-English dictionary. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1990. Available at: WorldCat.
- Elbert, Samuel H. Trukese-English and English-Trukese dictionary. Pearl Harbor, T. H.: United States Naval Military Government, 1947. Available at: WorldCat.
- Lieber, Michael D and Kalio H Dikepa. Kapingamarangi lexicon. Honolulu: The Univ, Press of Hawaii, 1974. Available at: WorldCat.
- Elbert, Samuel H. Grammar and comparative study of the language of Kapingamarangi. Salt Lake City, Utah: Genealogical Society of Utah, 1978. Available at: WorldCat.
- Yi, Ki-dong. Kusaiean-English dictionary. Honolulu: University Press of Hawaii, 1987. Available at: WorldCat.
- Carroll, Vern and Topias Soulik. Nukuoro lexicon. Honolulu: Univ. Pr. of Hawaii, 1973. Available at: WorldCat.
- Burdick, Alan. Dictionary of the Ponapean language. n.p.: n.p., 1970. Available at: WorldCat.
- Rehg, Kenneth L and Damian G Sohl. Ponapean-English dictionary. Honolulu: University Press of Hawaii, 1979. Available at: WorldCat.
- Mellen, Neil J and John A Hancock. Ulithian-English dictionary. Columbia, S.C.: Habele Outer Island Education Fund, 2010. Available at: WorldCat.
- Sohn, Ho-min and Anthony F Tawerilmang. Woleaian-English dictionary. Honolulu: University Press of Hawaii, 1976. Available at: WorldCat.
- Jensen, John Thayer. Yapese-English dictionary. Ann Arbor, Mich.: UMI Out-of-Orint Books on Demand, 1990. Available at: WorldCat.
Online Dictionaries
- Chuukese-English Dictionary
- Kapingamarangi-English Dictionary
- Kosraean-English Dictionary
- Nukuoro-English Dictionary
- Pohnpeian-English Dictionary
- Ulithian-English Dictionary
- Woleaian-English Dictionary (University of Hawai'i Press)
- Yapese-English Dictionary (Pali Language Texts)
Additional Resources[edit | edit source]
- Languages of the Federated States of Micronesia. Memphis, Tenn.: Books LLC, 2010. Available at: WorldCat.
- Daigaku, Shiga Kenritsu and Ningen Bunka Gakubu. BOOKTITLE. PLACE: PUBLISHER, DATE. Available at: WorldCat.
- Grimes, B. Micronesian Languages. n.p.: Oxford University Press, 2003. Available at: WorldCat.
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Wikipedia contributors, "Chuukese language," in Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuukese_language, accessed 20 March 2021.
- ↑ Wikipedia contributors, "Kapingamarangi language," in Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapingamarangi_language, accessed 20 March 2021.
- ↑ Wikipedia contributors, "Kosraean language," in Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosraean_language, accessed 20 March 2021.
- ↑ Wikipedia contributors, "Nukuoro language," in Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nukuoro_language, accessed 20 March 2021.
- ↑ Wikipedia contributors, "Pohnpeian language," in Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pohnpeian_language, accessed 20 March 2021.
- ↑ Wikipedia contributors, "Ulithian language," in Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulithian_language, accessed 20 March 2021.
- ↑ Wikipedia contributors, "Woleaian language," in Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woleaian_language, accessed 20 March 2021.
- ↑ Wikipedia contributors, "Yapese language," in Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yapese_language, accessed 20 March 2021.
- ↑ Wikipedia contributors, "Mortlockese language," in Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mortlockese_language, accessed 20 March 2021.
- ↑ Wikipedia contributors, "Pingelapese language," in Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pingelapese_language, accessed 20 March 2021.
- ↑ Wikipedia contributors, "Mokilese language," in Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mokilese_language, accessed 20 March 2021.
- ↑ Wikipedia contributors, "Puluwat language," in Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puluwat_language, accessed 20 March 2021.
- ↑ Wikipedia contributors, "Pááfang language," in Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1%C3%A1fang_language, accessed 20 March 2021.
- ↑ Wikipedia contributors, "Namonuito language," in Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namonuito_language, accessed 20 March 2021.
- ↑ Wikipedia contributors, "Ngatikese language," in Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngatikese_language, accessed 20 March 2021.
- ↑ Wikipedia contributors, "Satawalese language," in Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satawalese_language, accessed 20 March 2021.
- ↑ Wikipedia contributors, "Nguluwan language," in Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nguluwan_language, accessed 20 March 2021.
- ↑ Wikipedia contributors, "Ngatikese Creole," in Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngatikese_Creole, accessed 20 March 2021.
- ↑ The Family History Department of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, “Family History Record Profile: Micronesia,” Word document, private files of the FamilySearch Content Strategy Team, 1987-2001.