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| link1=[[United States Genealogy|United States]]
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| link3=[[Indigenous Peoples of North Carolina|Indigenous Peoples of North Carolina]]
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| link5=[[Melungeons|Melungeons]]
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=== History and Tidbits  ===
== History==


Melungeons are a group of several hundred families from the Cumberland Gap area of the Appalachians, and surrounding counties of Virgina, Kentucky, Tennessee, and North Carolina with generally Caucasian features but with olive or swarthy skin color. The ethnic background and mix of these families is contested. Many seem to have American Indian in their background. Some researchers believe Portuguese from as early as the time of Columbus are part of their history. Others say sub-Saharan black Africans are also in the mix, but many insist otherwise. Melungeons are often called a "tri-racial isolate" but some Melungeons object to and deny this terminology.  
The Melungeons are a mixed-race people whose origin is associated with the general region of [[Indians_of_Tennessee|Tennessee]], [[Indians_of_Virginia|Virginia]], North Carolina, [[Indians_of_South_Carolina|South Carolina]], and [[Indians_of_Kentucky|Kentucky]] in the United States; particularly concentrated in the areas of Eastern Tennessee, Southwest Virginia, and Northwest North Carolina. References are also made to Melungeon groups in [[Indians_of_Ohio|Ohio]] and [[Indians_of_Louisiana|Louisiana]].


It is even difficult to pin down exactly which family names can be included in a list of Melungeon names. Candidates include Bowling (Bolin), Bunch, Chavis (Chavez), Collins, Francisco, Gibson, Gill, Goins, Goodman, Minor, Mise, Moore, Mullins, Ridley (Riddle), Rodrigues, Stowers, Williams, and Wise.<ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Melungeon," ''Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia'' at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melungeon (accessed January 31, 2009).</ref>
==DNA Studies==
*[http://www.familytreedna.com/public/coremelungeon/default.aspx Melungeon Core DNA Project] (FamilyTree DNA). This site is self-explanatory about the DNA projects hosted and currently underway. The site has list of known surnames.


=== Resources  ===
== Records ==


==== Cemeteries  ====
The '''majority of records of individuals were those created by the agencies'''. Some records may be available to tribal members through the tribal headquarters.They were (and are) the local office of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, and were charged with maintaining records of the activities of those under their responsibility. Among these records are:<br>


==== DNA Project  ====
*[[American Indian Allotment Records|Allotment records]]
*[[American Indian Annuity Rolls|Annuity rolls]]
*[[American Indian Census Rolls|Census records]]
*[[American Indian Correspondence and Reports|Correspondence]]
*[[American Indian Health Records|Health records]]
*[[American Indian Correspondence and Reports|Reports]]
*[[American Indian School Records|School census and records]]
*[[American Indian Vital Records Supplements in Census Rolls|Vital records]]


This site is self-explantatory about the DNA projects hosted and currently underway. The site has larger list of known surnames.
== Resources  ==


[http://www.melungeons.com/articles/melungeondnaproject.htm The Melungeon DNA Surname Project.]
=== Websites  ===


=== References  ===
*[https://blackbygod.org/articles/community-and-culture/melungeon-heritage/ Melungeon Heritage]
*[https://melungeon.org/ Melungeon Heritage Association]


==== Bibliography  ====
== Bibliography  ==


*Kennedy, Robyn Vaughan. ''The Melungeons: The Resurrection of a Proud People.'' 180 pp.
*Alther, Lisa. ''Kinfolks - Falling off the Family Tree: The Search for My Melungeon Ancestors''. New York: Arcade Publishing, 2007. {{WorldCat|77011539|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}} 
*Ball, Bonnie Sage. ''The Melungeons: Their Origin and Kin''. Virginia Book Company, 1977.  {{FSC|147058|item|disp=FS Library Book 973 F2}}
*Bible, Jean Patterson. ''Melungeons Yesterday and Today''. Tennessee, 1975.  {{FSC|640697|item|disp=FS Library Book 973 F2}}; {{WorldCat|2188551|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}}
*Callahan, Jim. ''Lest We Forget: The Melungeon Colony of Newman's Ridge''. Tennessee: Over Mountain Press, 2000. {{FSC|1175785|item|disp=FS Library Book 973 F2}}; {{WorldCat|46335390|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}}
*Crowe, Elizabeth Powell. "Melungeon Genealogy" (section), ''Genealogy Online'', 9th ed. McGraw-Hill, 2011, pp. 332-334.
*DeMarce, Virginia Easley. "Review Essay: The Melungeons," ''National Genealogical Society Quarterly'', Vol. 84, No. 2 (June 1996):134-139. {{FSC|39597|item|disp=FS Library Book 973 B2ng}}
*DeMarce, Virginia Easley. "Looking at Legends - Lumbee and Melungeon: Applied Genealogy and the Origins of Tri-racial Isolate Settlements," ''National Genealogical Society Quarterly'', Vol. 81, No. 1 (March 1993):24-45. {{FSC|39597|item|disp=FS Library Book 973 B2ng}}
*Elder, Pat Spurlock. ''Melungeons: Examining an Appalachian Legend''. Tennessee: Continuity Press, 1999. {{FSC|1267941|item|disp=FS Library Book 973 F2}}; {{WorldCat|866650662|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}}
*Goins, Jack Harold. ''Melungeons and Other Pioneer Families''. Tennessee: J.H. Goins, 2000. {{FSC|969189|item|disp=FS Library Book 973 F2}}; {{WorldCat|866480228|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}}
*Heinegg, Paul. ''Free African Americans of North Carolina, Virginia, and South Carolina from the Colonial Period to About 1820'', 5th ed. Baltimore: Clearfield Company by Genealogical Publishing Company, 2005. {{FSC|4379981|item|disp=FS Library Book 973 F2}}; {{WorldCat|1262998889|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}}
*Hicks, Theresa M., and Wes Taukchiray. ''South Carolina Indians, Indian Traders, and Other Ethnic Connections: Beginning in 1670''. South Carolina: The Reprint Company, 1998. {{FSC|719079|item|disp=FS Library Book 970.1 H529}}; {{WorldCat|866132495|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}}
*Hirschman, Elizabeth. ''Melungeons: The Last Lost Tribe in America''. Georgia: Mercer University Press, 2005.  {{FSC|1174526|item|disp=FS Library Book 973 F2}}; {{WorldCat|55738108|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}}
*Hornbeck, Shirley Elro. "Melungeons" (section), ''This and That Genealogy Tips''. Maryland: Clearfield Company by Genealogical Publishing Company, 2000, pp. 7-10.  {{FSC|1174526|item|disp=FS Library Book 929.1 H783}}; {{WorldCat|44991473|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}}
*Kennedy, N. Brent and Robyn Vaughan Kennedy. ''The Melungeons: The Resurrection of a Proud People: An Untold Story of Ethnic Clensing in America''. Georgia: Mercer University Press, 1997. {{FSC|830836|item|disp=FS Catalog book 973 F2kn}} {{WorldCat|36213698|disp=At various libraries (WorldCat)}}
*Schreiner, Dee Armstrong. "Are You a Descendant of the Mysterious Melungeons?" Ancestry, Inc., Mar-Apr 1995, pp. 21-23. '''''Online at:''''' [http://books.google.com/books?id=3i-lHq0AmG8C&pg=PT22&dq=melungeon&hl=en&ei=xVaTTaiUJ5G6tgf5-vQ9&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CFgQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=melungeon&f=false Google Books]
== References  ==


==== Genealogy and History Websites  ====
<references />


#[http://www.melungeon.org/node/2 Melungeon Heritage Association]
#[http://www.melungeons.com/ Melungeons]


=== Sources  ===


<references />
[[Category:Indigenous Tribes of North Carolina]] [[Category:Indigenous Tribes of Tennessee]] [[Category:Virginia, United States]] [[Category:Kentucky Cultural Groups]] [[Category:Melungeons]] [[Category:Indigenous Tribes of the United States]]
 
[[Category:North_Carolina]] [[Category:Tennessee]] [[Category:Virginia]] [[Category:Kentucky]] [[Category:Melungeons]] [[Category:Indian_Tribes_of_the_United_States]]
 
{{United States-stub}}
{{Indians of North America-stub}}

Latest revision as of 09:32, 19 April 2024

Arch Goins family, Melungeons of Graysville, TN ca. 1920

History

The Melungeons are a mixed-race people whose origin is associated with the general region of Tennessee, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Kentucky in the United States; particularly concentrated in the areas of Eastern Tennessee, Southwest Virginia, and Northwest North Carolina. References are also made to Melungeon groups in Ohio and Louisiana.

DNA Studies

  • Melungeon Core DNA Project (FamilyTree DNA). This site is self-explanatory about the DNA projects hosted and currently underway. The site has list of known surnames.

Records

The majority of records of individuals were those created by the agencies. Some records may be available to tribal members through the tribal headquarters.They were (and are) the local office of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, and were charged with maintaining records of the activities of those under their responsibility. Among these records are:

Resources

Websites

Bibliography

References

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