Poland Research Tips and Strategies

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Poland

Research Strategies

Purpose of Research Tips and Strategies Wiki Page The Poland Research Tips and Strategies page consists of links to specific research strategies for Poland. It also contains general tips and other resources for finding your ancestors in this locality.

Poland Research Strategies

• Getting Started
• "How to" Guides
• Finding Town of Origin
• Online Learning - Video classes
• Record Finder
• Finding Aids
• Advancing Your Polish Research Using Polish Websites

Jewish Research

• Finding Poland Jewish Ancestors

Poland Research Tips

Find the Voivodeship (Province)

• Finding Town of Origin

Use maps and gazetteers to locate the town in Poland.
At this point, you need to find out the general location of the town. Genealogical records are organized and maintained by geographical jurisdictions. To proceed further you need to find out the voivodeship (Polish:województwo) or province of the town. Later, you will find more details. But to use the gazetteers that will give you those details, you need to know the province. Here are some options for quickly finding the province:

• Wikipedia
  

If the town is large enough, it will show up in Wikipedia! A Wikipedia article should name the current province and might give the history of former provinces the town belonged to.

• Mapa.Szukacz.pl shows the town on a map, its jurisdictions, population, and postal code. It names the current province.

Enter the name of your town in the "place" field on the right.

In addition to the map, this infobox appears.

• Spis Gazetteer

This gazetteer is simple to search. It is alphabetical. It lists jurisdictions and location of civil registration offices. At this point you need it most to find the Województwo/Province, marked with . This will give you the 1968 province. Provinces changed in 1999. However, this is the province you need to use when looking for records in the FamilySearch Catalog. Just below this gazetteer links, you will find maps that show the two sets of provinces for comparison. There you can convert the 1967 province to the modern province. The Spis Gazetteer of Poland Wiki Article gives abbreviations.

• Spis Gazetteer, Volume 1
• Spis Gazetteer, Volume 2

Translated Headings for Spis Gazetteer

Nazwa i rodzaj miejscowości	Gromada (osiedle-osied.) (miasto-m.)	Siedziba PRN	Województwo	Poczta	Stacja, przystanek kolejowy	Urząd stanu cywilnego
Name and type of locality	Next larger admini-strative unit	County Seat	Province	Post Office	Railroad Station	Vital Records Office

Austria, Prussia, or Russia

Determine whether the town was in Austrian, Russian, or Prussian Poland.

• Poland was divided up among Prussia, Russia, and Austria from about 1815-1918/1945. In the maps and gazetteer above, you have found either the current province (voivodeship) or the 1967 province. Look at these maps and determine whether your province was in Austria, Prussia, or Russia.

A. Modern Voivodeships

B. 1967 Voivodeships: Use these for FamilySearch Catalog.

C. Poland 1815-1918: Poland was divided among Austria, Prussia, and Russia.

• This affects the starting date of civil registration records, the language used in the records, and the format of the records. Now study this chart to see how your genealogy will be affected by the country of your province from 1815-1918/45:

Country	Use church records alone:	Civil registration starts:	Language	Reading aid: What the records look like.
Austria	Up until 1918	1918	Before 1784: Latin or German 1784-1918: Latin 1918-Present: Polish	Austrian Latin Baptismal/Birth Record Austrian Latin Marriage Record Austrian Latin Death Record Reading Polish Birth Records - Instruction, Activity, Answer Key Reading Polish Marriage Records - Instruction, Activity, Answer Key Reading Polish Death Records - Instruction, Activity, Answer Key Polish Civil Registration Reading Aid
Prussia	Before 1874	1874	1874-1918 or 1945: German 1918 or 1945-Present: Polish	German Civil Registration Reading Polish Birth Records - Instruction, Activity, Answer Key Reading Polish Marriage Records - Instruction, Activity, Answer Key Reading Polish Death Records - Instruction, Activity, Answer Key Polish Civil Registration Reading Aid
Russia	Before 1808-1815	1808 in areas controlled by Napoleon 1815 all areas of Russian Poland	1808-1868: Polish 1868-1918: Russian 1918-Present: Polish	Reading Polish Birth Records - Instruction, Activity, Answer Key Reading Polish Marriage Records - Instruction, Activity, Answer Key Reading Polish Death Records - Instruction, Activity, Answer Key Polish Civil Registration Reading Aid Reading Russian Birth Records - Instruction, Activity, Answer Key Reading Russian Marriage Records - Instruction, Activity, Answer Key Reading Russian Death Records - Instruction, Activity, Answer Key

Town Details

Depending on the size of the town or village where your ancestors lived, it might have had its own parish church. It might have been too small, and people attended church (and had their records kept) in a nearby larger town. The same thing applies to civil registry offices. So now you need to do a little more geographic reference work to find out the names of those larger towns, if necessary.

Use maps, gazetteers, and directories to determine these important facts about the town:

• the location of the Lutheran or Catholic parish for the town
• the location of the civil registration office for the town

Earlier, you used *Mapa.Szukacz.pl to find the voivodeship of your town. It also lists the "commune". Usually the civil registration office will be in the commune.
Watch the online course, Poland Historical Geography The second half of this lesson will demonstrate several gazetteers.
Links to those gazetteers, and more instructions, can be found in the article Poland Gazetteers.
You might just locate the parish churches which appear to be closest to your town of village. This is not foolproof, as they may have been built more recently, or had boundaries to the parish that stretched in a different direction excluding your town. However, if you write to the wrong parish, they will forward your request to the correct parish. Here are two directories for parish address:

• The Catholic Directory, Poland
• Luteranie.pl: Polish Evangelical website with all current diocese addresses and individual parishes and email addresses. Many Lutheran parishes that existed before the 1918/1945 boundary changes no longer exist. Some of their records are in the diocese archives, and some were sent to Archion: Evangelical Central Archives in Berlin.

Poland Finding Aids

Use finding aids to find out whether records exist covering the parishes and civil registry of the town.
Poland finding aids have been created by a variety of state, church, society, and private organizations. Their goal is to inform genealogists what records exist and the repositories that hold them. Each finding aid has a different focus--a particular religion or geographical area or archive or collection. Be sure to search all that apply to your ancestors.

Churches often produced civil registration records for the government. The church records might have been destroyed, but copies had been sent to the government and still exist. So we search for both church records and civil registration records.

• Poland Finding Aids

Searching Civil Registration and Church Records

Read these articles to learn about church records and civil registration. The vast majority of the research you do will be in just two types of records: church records and civil registration records. Study these two wiki articles to learn about these records and what information they contain:

• Poland Civil Registration
• Poland Church Records

Search those records by one of these methods.

• online databases
• microfilmed records
• correspondence with archives
• correspondence with local churches
• correspondence with local civil registration offices

Use the instructions and links provided in the Wiki specific to the voivodeship where your ancestors lived. There is a page for the voivodeship of your ancestors' town which specializes is research for that voivodeship. Here you will find the specific links you need to finding aids, online databases, FamilySearch records, state archives addresses, church archives addresses, and parish and civil registry office addresses.

• Greater Poland
• Kuyavia-Pomerania
• Lesser Poland
• Łódź
• Lower Silesian
• Lublin
• Lubusz
• Masovia
• Opole
• Podlaskie
• Pomerania
• Silesia
• Subcarpathia or Podkarpackie
• Świętokrzyskie
• Warmia-Masuria
• West Pomerania

Follow this search strategy as you compile records about your family.

• Search for the relative or ancestor you selected. When you find his birth record, search for the births of his brothers and sisters.
• Next, search for the marriage of his parents. The marriage record will have information that will often help you find the birth records of the parents.
• You can estimate the ages of the parents and determine a birth year to search for their birth records.
• Search the death registers for all known family members.
• Repeat this process for both the father and the mother, starting with their birth records, then their siblings' births, then their parents' marriages, and so on.
• If earlier generations (parents, grandparents, etc.) do not appear in the records, search neighboring parishes.

Reading the Records

Use language lessons, vocabulary lists, and reading aids to learn how to read the records. You do not have to be fluent in a language to read church records or civil registration records. Only a few words are necessary, such as mother, father, baptized, married, boy, girl, bride, groom.

Word Lists

• Polish Genealogical Word List
• German Genealogical Word List
• Russian Genealogical Word List
• Latin Genealogical Word List

Research Tutorials

Handwriting Lessons on FamilySearch Learning Center:

• German Paleography Seminar - 10 classes
• German Paleography Seminar - Lessons on German Handwriting
• Old German Script
  • Part 1
  • Part 2
  • Part 3 (German Church and Civil Records)
• Reading Russian Handwriting
  • Reading Russian Documents: The Russian Alphabet
• Additional Russian Paleography Classes
  • Russian for Everyone: The Russian Alphabet
  • SGGEE Cyrillic Handout.pdf for months and numbers in Russian cursive.
• Latin in German Church Records
  • Latin for Genealogists

How-to Guides

• Reading Polish Birth Records - Instruction, Activity, Answer Key
• Reading Polish Marriage Records - Instruction, Activity, Answer Key
• Reading Polish Death Records - Instruction, Activity, Answer Key

For areas of Poland that were once part of Russia:

• Cyrillic Alphabet - Instruction, Activity, Answer Key
  
• Cyrillic Script - Instruction, Activity, Answer Key
  
• Reading Russian Birth Records - Instruction, Activity, Answer Key
• Reading Russian Marriage Records - Instruction, Activity, Answer Key
• Reading Russian Death Records - Instruction, Activity, Answer Key

Russian and Polish Transliteration Tools

• Transliterating Russian to English in One Step, or English to Russian
• Polish Cyrillic Transliterate the Polish language to a Cyrillic
• Converting between Russian Print and Cursive in One Step
• Russian for Everyone: The Russian Alphabet
• SGGEE Cyrillic Handout.pdf for months and numbers in Russian cursive.

Russian and Polish Transliteration Tools

• Transliterating Russian to English in One Step, or English to Russian
• Polish Cyrillic Transliterate the Polish language to a Cyrillic
• Converting between Russian Print and Cursive in One Step
• Russian for Everyone: The Russian Alphabet
• SGGEE Cyrillic Handout.pdf for months and numbers in Russian cursive.