Slovakia History: Difference between revisions

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==Feudal Land Lease Records [''Urbaria'']==


==History==
These records include register of leaseholders and their feudal obligations. Obligations could be satisfied in labor, in kind, or in money. Some of these records may exist as early as 1750 and most cover the 1780s and 1790s. This includes lists of peasants with land rights, occasionally including family members, with amount of obligations of the peasant toward the estate owner. These records are found at the Slovak state regional archives, Slovak district archives, Hungarian state archives.  
The Slavs arrived in the territory of present-day Slovakia in the 5th and 6th centuries. In the 7th century, they played a significant role in the creation of Samo's Empire and in the 9th century established the Principality of Nitra, which was later conquered by the Principality of Moravia to establish Great Moravia. In the 10th century, after the dissolution of Great Moravia, the territory was integrated into the Principality of Hungary, which would become the Kingdom of Hungary in 1000. In 1241 and 1242, much of the territory was destroyed by the Mongols during their invasion of Central and Eastern Europe. The area was recovered largely thanks to Béla IV of Hungary who also settled Germans which became an important ethnic group in the area, especially in what are today parts of central and eastern Slovakia.


After World War I and the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Czechoslovak National Council established Czechoslovakia 1918 – 1939. A separate  and first Slovak Republic 1939 - 1945 existed during World War II as a totalitarian, a fascist one-party client state of Nazi Germany. At the end of World War II, Czechoslovakia was re-established as an independent country.
==Modern Land Records==


A coup in 1948 ushered in a totalitarian one-party state under the Communist regime during whose rule the country existed as a satellite of the Soviet Union. Attempts for liberalization of communism in Czechoslovakia culminated in the Prague Spring, which was crushed by the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia in August 1968. In 1989, the Velvet Revolution ended the Communist rule in Czechoslovakia peacefully. Slovakia became an independent state on 1 January 1993 after the peaceful dissolution of Czechoslovakia, sometimes known as the Velvet Divorce.
According the Act of the National Council of the Slovak Republic No. 180/1995 Z.z. adopted in 1995, the Slovak government was required to recover the national land register in Slovakia until 1st September 2005.


Slovakia is a high-income advanced income with a very high Human Development Index, a very high standard of living and performs favorably in measurements of civil liberties, press freedom, internet freedom, democratic governance and peacefulness. The country maintains a combination of market economy with a comprehensive social security system. Citizens of Slovakia are provided with universal health care, free education and has one of the longest paid parental leave.
In May 2005 the General Prosecutor asked the Constitutional Court, if the Act is consistent with the Slovak Constitution (His opinion was, that the rights of the landowners are breached by that law). The Constitutional Court suspended the  implementation of the law. It means, that the possibility to claim is still open.
<br>
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovakia]


[Historical Slovak counties with their Hungarian equivalent:  
In order to facilitate the identification of the owners of the abandoned land (aka "unclaimed land" or "land of undetermined owners") the Slovak government launched a free search portal "Zoznam nezistených vlastníkov"  (A list of unknown land owners). In July 2005 the English version was also launched. Unfortunately, in Autumn 2007 the operation of this portal was stopped. This portal was replaced by the free online Slovak plot register called Katastrálny portál. This database includes the present land ownership data of all land in Slovakia <ref> http://www.centroconsult.sk/genealogy/land.html </ref>.


{| border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" class="FCK__ShowTableBorders"
Following the directions above will connect you to this page where you can search for your ancestor's property <ref> https://www.katasterportal.sk/kapor/vyhladajVlastniciAction.do </ref>
|-
|
''stolica/župa''<br>Abovská (Abovsko-turnianska) / Abov (Abov-Turňa)<br>Bratislavská / Bratislava<br>Gemerská (Gemersko-malohontská) / Gemer (Gemer-Malohont)<br>Hontianska / Hont<br>Komárňanská / Komárno<br>Liptovská / Liptov<br>Mošonská / Mošon<br>Nitrianska / Nitra<br>Novohradská / Novohrad<br>Oravská / Orava<br>Ostrihomská / Ostrihom<br>Rábska / Ráb<br>Spišská / Spiš<br>Šarišská / Šariš<br>Tekovská / Tekov<br>Trenčianska / Trenčín<br>Turčianska / Turiec<br>Užhorodská / Užhorod (Uh)<br>Zemplínska / Zemplín<br>Zvolenská / Zvolen<br>  


|
== References ==
''megye''<br>Abaúj-Torna<br>Pozsony<br>Gömör és Kiskont<br>Hont<br>Komárom<br>Liptó<br>Moson<br>Nyitra<br>Nógrád<br>Árva<br>Esztergom<br>Győr<br>Szepes<br>Sáros<br>Bars<br>Trencsén<br>Turóc<br>Ung<br>Zemplén<br>Zólyom<br>


|}
{{reflist}}


==Timeline==
10th Century - Following the disintegration of the Great Moravian Empire, the Hungarians annexed the territory comprising modern Slovakia, they abandoned their nomadic ways and settled in the centre of the Carpathian valley, adopted Christianity and began to build a new state – the Hungarian kingdom<br>
11th century - 1918 The territory inhabited by the Slavic-speaking population of Danubian Basin was incorporated into the Kingdom of Hungary, until  the Austro-Hungarian empire collapsed, the territory of modern Slovakia was an integral part of the Hungarian state<br>
1848 - 1849 The Slovaks supported the Austrian Emperor, hoping for independence from the Hungarian part of the Dual Monarchy, but they failed to achieve their aim. Thereafter relations between the nationalities deteriorated, culminating in the secession of Slovakia from Hungary after World War I
<br>
1918 - Slovakia and the regions of Bohemia, Moravia, Czech Silesia and Carpathian Ruthenia formed a common state, Czechoslovakia, with the borders confirmed by the Treaty of Saint Germain and Treaty of Trianon<br>
1939 - Slovakia seceded from Czecho-Slovakia and allied itself, as demanded by Germany, with Hitler's coalition<br>
1944 - 1945 A bloody German occupation and a guerilla war followed. Germans and their local collaborators completely destroyed 93 villages and massacred thousands of civilians, often hundreds at a time. The territory of Slovakia was liberated by Soviet and Romanian forces<br>
1993 - The Slovak Republic and the Czech Republic went their separate ways, an event sometimes called the Velvet Divorce. Slovakia has remained a close partner with the Czech Republic. Both countries co-operate with Hungary and Poland in the Visegrád Group that is a cultural and political alliance of four Central European states, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia<br>
'''Wiki articles desctibing online collections are found at:'''
*[[Slovakia, Census, 1869 (FamilySearch Historical Records)|Slovakia, Census, 1869 (FamilySearch Historical Records)]]<br>
*[[Slovakia Church and Synagogue Books (FamilySearch Historical Records)|Slovakia Church and Synagogue Books (FamilySearch Historical Records)]]
<br>
[[Image:Slovak historical borders.jpg|thumb|left|300px]]
== References ==
{{reflist}}


[[Category:Slovakia]] [[Category:History]]
[[Category:Slovakia]][[Category:Histories]]

Latest revision as of 20:42, 20 March 2024


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Feudal Land Lease Records [Urbaria][edit | edit source]

These records include register of leaseholders and their feudal obligations. Obligations could be satisfied in labor, in kind, or in money. Some of these records may exist as early as 1750 and most cover the 1780s and 1790s. This includes lists of peasants with land rights, occasionally including family members, with amount of obligations of the peasant toward the estate owner. These records are found at the Slovak state regional archives, Slovak district archives, Hungarian state archives.

Modern Land Records[edit | edit source]

According the Act of the National Council of the Slovak Republic No. 180/1995 Z.z. adopted in 1995, the Slovak government was required to recover the national land register in Slovakia until 1st September 2005.

In May 2005 the General Prosecutor asked the Constitutional Court, if the Act is consistent with the Slovak Constitution (His opinion was, that the rights of the landowners are breached by that law). The Constitutional Court suspended the implementation of the law. It means, that the possibility to claim is still open.

In order to facilitate the identification of the owners of the abandoned land (aka "unclaimed land" or "land of undetermined owners") the Slovak government launched a free search portal "Zoznam nezistených vlastníkov" (A list of unknown land owners). In July 2005 the English version was also launched. Unfortunately, in Autumn 2007 the operation of this portal was stopped. This portal was replaced by the free online Slovak plot register called Katastrálny portál. This database includes the present land ownership data of all land in Slovakia [1].

Following the directions above will connect you to this page where you can search for your ancestor's property [2]

References[edit | edit source]