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| ''[[United States|United States]][[Image:Gotoarrow.png]][[Iowa Genealogy|Iowa]][[Image:Gotoarrow.png]]'' '''Iowa Ethnic Groups'''<br>
| | #REDIRECT[[Iowa Cultural Groups]] |
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| '''The First Residents of Iowa'''<br>
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| Many tribes and bands of [[Indians of Iowa|Indians]] lived or traveled through "the beautiful land" of Iowa. <ref>'Hodge, Frederick Webb. ''Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico''. Washington D.C.:Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #30 1907. [https://archive.org/details/handbookamindians02hodgrich Available online].</ref> A timeline is available at [[Iowa History|Iowa History]] detailing the eventual turn over of land from the Indians to settlers. Between 1833 and 1851 after a series of treaties extinguished Indian claims to the land, the first permanent white settlements were made in eastern Iowa. <ref> [[Iowa History|Iowa History]] </ref> Reservations, agencies and the half breed contract <ref> [http://freepages.rootsweb.com/~hannahslife/genealogy/history_of_the_half_breed_tract.htm The Half Breed Tract] </ref> are all discussed in the [[Indians of Iowa|Iowa Indians]] page.
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| == Iowa's Ethnic Fabric ==
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| In '''1860''' there were 674,913 Iowans. Immigrants made up 106,081 of the population. Here are the totals for each nationality with a small number of settlers from other countries. <ref> [http://iagenweb.org/history/soi/soi35.htm Colonists from Europe] </ref>
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| {| width="80%" class="FCK__ShowTableBorders"
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| *Germany 38,555
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| *Irish 28,072
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| *British 11,522
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| *Canadians 8,313
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| *Norwegians 5,688
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| *Scottish 2,895
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| *Dutch 2,615
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| *Swiss 2,519
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| *French 2,421
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| *Swedish 1,465
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| *Welsh 913
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| *Danish 661
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| |}
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| In '''1890''' there were 324,669 settlers from other nations. Less then one thousand were representing various other countries. <ref> [http://iagenweb.org/history/soi/soi35.htm Colonists from Europe] </ref>
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| {| width="80%" class="FCK__ShowTableBorders"
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| *Germany 127,246
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| *Irish 27,353
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| *Swedish 30,276
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| *Norwegian 27,078
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| *British 26,205
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| *Canadian 17,465
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| *Danish 15,519
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| *Bohemian or Czech 10,928
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| *Dutch 7,941
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| *Scottish 7,701
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| *Swiss 4,310
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| *Welsh 3,601
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| *French 2,327
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| *Austrian 1,715
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| |}
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| The ''Iowa Heritage Illustrated''. Fall and Winter 2011 pages 100-103. ''Iowa Shares and the Cambodian Refugees''. by Matthew Walsh.
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| 1975-1981 Iowa SHARES: (Iowa Sends Help to Aid Refugees and End Starvation)under the leadership of Governor Robert Ray; The Tai Dam (Cambodian Refugees) community of over 1,200 settled in Iowa in 1975.
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| 1979-1981 nearly 8,000 refugees (including the Tai Dam) had resettled in Iowa; "boat people" (Vietnamese refugees)
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| ==African American==
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| Iowa’s first constitution of 1846 required blacks to pay a $500 bond to enter the state and barred them from voting, holding office, serving in the state militia, attending public schools and marrying whites.<ref> Outside In: African-American History in Iowa, 1838-2000. Iowa City: State Historical Society of Iowa, 2001.</ref> After 1865 that the African American population tripled mainly emigrating from neighboring states. <ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=chC81in93GUC&pg=PA220&lpg=PA220&dq=The+Coming+of+the+Foreigners+iowa&source=bl&ots=AxZyKDl1PY&sig=UktLaSjkoMOt8T8NmI3w6KXfUKE&hl=en&ei=xbDiTf_cJMHniAL38Y2rBg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CBkQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=The%20Coming%20of%20the%20Foreigners%20iowa&f=false Google Books]</ref> <ref>Alice Eichholz, ed., ''Redbook: American State, County, and Town Sources, 3rd ed.'' (Provo, Utah: Ancestry, 2004), 291. ({{FHL|479190|item|disp=FHL Book 973 D27rb}}). [[http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/55947869 WorldCat entry]].</ref>
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| Different occupations brought the African American population to Iowa. Lead mining, laying tracks for the railroad, and in the river towns of Burlington, Davenport, Keokuk and Sioux City, they worked as deckhands on ships that traveled up and down the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers.
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| Buxton was a coal mining town that was racially harmonious. In 1905, more than one half of the 5,000 inhabitants of this community were African-American. The others were comprised of immigrants from Russia, Belgium, Bohemia, France, Germany, and Norway. <ref> [http://www.iptv.org/iowapathways/mypath.cfm?ounid=ob_000195 Iowa's African Americans] </ref>
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| When Fort Des Moines became the site of the [http://www.jstor.org/pss/274896 Colored Officers Training Camp] in 1917 the African American population greatly increased. Many of these families chose to stay in Des Moines after World War I ended in 1918. Many African-American leaders came from this area.
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| *[[African American History|African American History]]
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| *[[African American Research|African American Research]]
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| *[http://africanamericanrailroaders.blogspot.com/ African American Railroaders]
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| *[[Beginning African American Research|Beginning African American Research]]
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| *[http://www.blackiowa.org/ Black Iowa]
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| ==Dutch==
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| [[Image:Vermeer Mill.JPG|thumb|right|250px]]
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| Large numbers of Dutch farmers and craftsman searching for religious freedom left Holland for the lush land in central Iowa. Pella was settled by 800 Dutch immigrants. With encouragement from those in Pella more Dutch families immigrated and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orange_City,_Iowa Orange City] was settled in the mid 1800's. <ref>[http://www.iptv.org/iowapathways/myPath.cfm?ounid=ob_000205 Iowa Pathways ''The Dutch''] </ref>
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| Once these settlements were well established, letters and printed material sent home to Holland generated a constant stream of immigrants to the area. This went for 85 years until 1930 when the [http://colfa.utsa.edu/users/jreynolds/Ybarra/part3.htm Great Depression and immigration quotas] but a stop the influx of the Dutch. <ref> [http://www.everyculture.com/multi/Du-Ha/Dutch-Americans.html Dutch Americans] </ref>
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| *[http://www.onlinebiographies.info/ia/mar/pella.htm Biographies of Early Pella Settlers]
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| *[http://ezinearticles.com/?Discovering-The-Dutch-Language-And-Its-History&id=5648946 Dutch Language History]
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| ==French==
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| French explorers were the first white men to settle in Iowa. They were there when France ceded the land to Spain. <ref> [http://iagenweb.org/history/soi/soic4.htm Mines of Spain] </ref> Once they settled on mining more French Canadians immigrated to the area. <ref> [http://iagenweb.org/history/moi/moi12.htm Early Iowa Settlers] </ref>
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| In 1857 a group of Icariens, about 40 members, crossed the Mississippi and headed west to form a colony Icaria, near [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corning,_Iowa Corning, Iowa]. <ref>Robert P. Sutton, ''Les Icariens: the utopian dream in Europe and America'' </ref>
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| *[http://www.iptv.org/iowapathways/artifact_detail.cfm?aid=a_000739&oid=ob_000150 The Icariens]
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| ==German==
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| In the 1840’s Germans began to arrive in Iowa. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty-Eighters “forty-eighters”] of 1848 brought more German immigrants due to political unrest. Then in 1860, with the conscripting of young men into the army, they, along with their families fled to the welcoming land of Iowa. Keokuk, Burlington, Muscatine, Davenport, Lyons, and Dubuque were destination settlements for Germans.
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| *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty-Eighters Forty-Eighters]
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| *[http://www.iptv.org/iowapathways/mypath.cfm?ounid=ob_000206 Germans]
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| *[http://www.feefhs.org/links/other/jf-iager/iager-90.html The Oldest Germans of Iowa - 1895] <ref> Jospeh Eiboeck, "Die Deutschen von Iowa und deren Errungenschaften"
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| (Des Moines, IA: des Iowa Staats-Anzeiger, 1900 pages 295 - 296 ) FHL Microfilm #1036447 </ref>
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| *[http://www.feefhs.org/links/other/jf-iager/iager-ua.html German Officers in the Union Army] Civil War Officers <ref> Jospeh Eiboeck, "Die Deutschen von Iowa und deren Errungenschaften"
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| (Des Moines, IA: des Iowa Staats-Anzeiger, 1900, pages 92 - 94) FHL Microfilm #1036447 </ref>
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| *[http://www.feefhs.org/links/other/jf-iager/iager-az.html The Germans of Iowa And Their Achievements ''Extract of Biographical Sketches''] <ref> Jospeh Eiboeck, "Die Deutschen von Iowa und deren Errungenschaften" (Des Moines, IA: des Iowa Staats-Anzeiger, 1900, FHL Microfilm #1036447 </ref>
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| ====Amana Colonies====
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| In 1841 the German Government was getting extremely intolerant of the [http://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/amana/ccm.htm Inspirationist congregations] so they sent men to America to find them a new area to colonize. They settled first in close to Buffalo, New York in a community they called Ebenezer. Needing a more secluded area, they eventually settled in the fertile land of Iowa along the Iowa river, [http://amanacolonies.com/pages/about-amana-colonies/history.php Amana Colonies] In 1855 the first village, Amana, was laid set up. Six more villages had been established by 1863. <ref> [http://www.amanaheritage.org/history.html Amana Heritage] </ref>
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| ====Amish and Mennonite ====
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| The [http://www.gameo.org/encyclopedia/contents/A4574ME.html Amish] or sometimes known as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amish_Mennonite Mennonite Amish], originally came from three countries, the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palatinate_%28region%29 Palatinate] region of Germany, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alsace Alsace] now in France, and German speaking Switzerland. This group of Amish and Mennonite immigrants came to Pennsylvania with the Palatine groups in the 18th century. They spoke [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_German_language Pennsylvania German] commonly known as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_Dutch Pennsylvania Dutch].
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| The Amish are a subgroup from the Mennonites. <ref> [http://www.differencebetween.net/miscellaneous/difference-between-amish-and-mennonite/ The Difference between Amish and Mennonites] </ref> After arriving in Pennsylvania the immigrants split into different settlements in Iowa among other states.
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| *[[Mennonite Church in the United States|Mennonite Church in the United States]]
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| *[[Mennonites|Mennonites]]
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| ==Irish==
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| Bellevue, Charleston (now Sabula) and Concord Township in Dubuque county were all large Irish settlements. Another large percentage of Irish were among the early immigrants to Bankston, Farley and Dyersville. A few families, about fifty Irish settled along the Maquoketa River near Cascade in 1842. [http://www.emmetsburg.com/About/History.htm Emmitsburg] was founded by a large group of Irish and has as it's sister city Dublin, Ireland.
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| *[http://www.celticcousins.net/irishiniowa/irishsettlersiniowa.htm Irish Towns In Iowa]
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| *[http://www.celticcousins.net/irishiniowa/iafenianmovement.htm The Fenian Movement]
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| *[http://www.celticcousins.net/irishiniowa/iairishpopulation.htm Percentage of Iowa's Population Born in Ireland 1870-1950]
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| ==Jewish==
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| Between 1848 and 1878 nearly 1000 Jewish settlers immigrated to communities along the Mississippi and Missouri rivers. Their talents as cobblers, milliners, grocers, tailors, teachers, doctors and lawyers were welcomed to this new frontier. This Jewish population were mostly from Germany, immigrating to escape anti-Semitism from their native land. After 1900 the Jewish grew in population due to the influx from Eastern Europe, mainly Russia and America's East Coast.<ref> [http://www.iptv.org/iowapathways/mypath.cfm?ounid=ob_000156 Jewish Settlers] </ref>
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| ==Swedish==
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| [[Burlington, Iowa|Burlington]], in Des Moines county, was a type of port of entry for Swedish immigrants arriving in Iowa, once arriving several choose to stay swelling Burlington's Swedish population to about 200 by 1846.
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| The first complete Swedish settlement in Iowa was [http://www.anusha.com/cassel.htm Cassel colony] (New Sweden) in 1845. <ref> [http://www.amerikaveckan.se/english/societies/theswedishpetercasselsociety.4.44feac9512b634f1e0c800011252.html Cassel Colony] </ref>This was followed in 1846 by Swede Point, later called Madrid, in Boone county. A few smaller settlements prang up around the area of Madrid, at Boonesboro, Moingona, Pilot Mound, Boxholm, and Ogden.
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| *http://homepages.rootsweb.com/~gwgustaf/library/Sett/Ia2first.htm
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| ==Websites==
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| *[http://www.iptv.org/iowapathways/mypath.cfm?ounid=ob_000195 African American Communities]
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| *[http://www.worldcat.org/title/german-immigrants-in-american-church-records-volume-7-iowa-west-protestant/oclc/772645615 German Immigrants in Western Iowa Protestant Church Records]
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| *[https://familysearch.org/search/catalog/1316260?availability=Family%20History%20Library German Immigrants in NE Iowa Protestant Church Records]
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| *[http://www.feefhs.org/links/other/jf-iager/jf-iager.html Germans of Iowa] FHL Microfilm number for this book is #1036447
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| *[http://www.city-data.com/states/Iowa-Ethnic-groups.html Iowa Ethnic Groups]
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| *[http://names.mongabay.com/ancestry/Iowa.html Largest ethnic groups in Iowa]
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| *[http://www.feefhs.org/links/other/jf-iager/jf-iager.html The Germans of Iowa And Their Achievements]
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| *[http://www.celticcousins.net/irishiniowa/personsbest.htm Persons Best Qualified to Emigrate] <ref> J.B. Newhall; ''A Glimpse of Iowa in 1846; or , The Emigrant's Guide, and State Directory'' Burlington, Iowa; 1846 </ref>
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| ==Sources and Footnotes==
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| <references/>
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| [[Category:Iowa Minorities]]
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