Dutch Genealogical Word List

Dutch Genealogical Word List
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Genealogical Word Lists

Dutch Genealogical Word List

Dutch (Nederlands), like English and German, is a Germanic language derived from Old Low Franconian and Old Saxon. Dutch is spoken in the Netherlands, northern Belgium (Flanders), the Netherlands Antilles in the Caribbean, and Suriname.

Flemish, which is spoken in Belgium, is a major dialect (regional variation) of Dutch. It uses words similar to the words on this list. Afrikaans, a separate language spoken in South Africa, is descended from Dutch and preserves many older and dialect features of Dutch, but contains many German and English words as well.

Frisian, which is spoken in the Dutch province of Friesland, is a different language from Dutch.

In addition, Dutch is found in some early records of the United States (mostly in New York, New Jersey, Michigan, and Iowa) and in South Africa, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India, Brazil and Taiwan.

It is very closely related to the dialects of northern Germany known as Low German. Indeed, the traditional dialects along the Dutch-German border are virtually the same. You may want to read about the linguistic situation in the lower Rhine area or about spelling variations there.

Additional Resources

• BYU Script Dutch Tutorial

Key Words

To find and use specific types of Dutch records, you will need to know some key words in Dutch. This section lists key genealogical terms in English and the Dutch words with the same or similar meanings.

For example, in the first column you will find the English word marriage. In the second column you will find Dutch words with meanings such as marry, marriage, wedding, wedlock, unite, legitimate, joined, and other words used in Dutch records to indicate marriage.

English	Dutch
baptism/christening	dopen, doop, gedoopt
birth	geboorte, geboren
burial	begraven, begraaf
Catholic	rooms katholiek
census	volkstelling, bevolking
child, children	kind, kinderen
city	stad
civil registration	burgerlijke stand
death	overleden, overlijden, gestorven
father	vader
husband	man
index	tafel, klapper, fiche
Jewish	joods
marriage(s)	huwelijk(en), trouwen, echt, gehuwden, getrouwd
military	militaire, landweer, krijgsmacht
month	maand
mother	moeder
municipality	gemeente
name, given	voornaam, eerste naam
name, surname	achternaam, familienaam, bijnaam, toenaam
parents	ouders
parish	parochie, statie
Protestant	protestant
spouse, partner	echtgenoot
supplement	bijlage
town, village	dorp, buurtschaap
wife	huisvrouw, vrouw
year	jaar

Numbers

In some genealogical records, numbers are written out. This is especially true with dates. The following list gives the cardinal (1, 2, 3) and the ordinal (1st, 2nd, 3rd) versions of each number. Days of the month are written in ordinal form.

Cardinal		Ordinal
1	een	1st	eerste
2	twee	2nd	tweede
3	drie	3rd	derde
4	vier	4th	vierde
5	vijf	5th	vijfde
6	zes	6th	zesde
7	zeven	7th	zevende
8	acht	8th	achtste
9	negen	9th	negende
10	tien	10th	tiende
11	elf	11th	elfde
12	twaalf	12th	twaalfde
13	dertien	13th	dertiende
14	veertien	14th	veertiende
15	vijftien	15th	vijftiende
16	zestien	16th	zestiende
17	zeventien	17th	zeventiende
18	achttien	18th	achttiende
19	negentie	19th	negentiende
20	twintig	20th	twintigste
21	eenentwintig	21st	eenentwintigste
22	tweeëntwintig	22th	tweeëntwintigste
23	drieentwintig	23th	drieentwintigste
24	vierentwintig	24th	vierentwintigste
25	vijfentwintig	25th	vijfentwintigste
26	zesentwintig	26th	zesentwintigste
27	zevenentwintig	27th	zevenentwintigste
28	achtentwintig	28th	achtentwintigste
29	negenentwintig	29th	negenentwintigste
30	dertig	30th	dertigste
31	eenendertig	31th	eenendertigste
40	veertig	40th	veertigste
50	vijftig	50th	vijftigste
60	zestig	60th	zestigste
70	zeventig	70th	zevenstigte
80	tachtig	80th	tachtigste
90	negentig	90th	negentigste
100	honderd	100th	honderdste
101	honderd(en)een	101st	honderd(en)eerste
200	tweehonderd	200th	tweehonderdste
1000	duizend	1000th	duizendste

Dates and Time

In Dutch records, dates are often written out. For example:

Donderdag, drie en twintig maart in het jaar van onse heer een duizend acht hondert en zesendertig [Thursday, three and twenty March in the year of Our Lord one thousand eight hundred and six and thirty].

The names of months and days of the week are never capitalized in Dutch.

To understand Dutch dates, use the following lists as well as the preceding "Numbers" section.

Months

English	Dutch	Archaic Form	English Translation
January	januari	louwmaand	tanning month
February	februari	sprokkelmaand	wood-gathering month
March	maart	lentemaand	spring month
April	april	grasmaand	grass month
May	mei	bloeimaand	blossom month
June	juni	zomermaand	summer month
July	juli	hooimaand	hay month
August	augustus	oogstmaand	harvest month
September	september (7ber)	herfstmaand	autumn month
October	october (8ber)	wijnmaand	wine month
November	november (9ber)	slachtmaand	slaughter month
December	december (10ber)	wintermaand	winter month

Days of the Week

English	Dutch
Sunday	zondag
Monday	maandag
Tuesday	dinsdag
Wednesday	woensdag
Thursday	donderdag
Friday	vrijdag
Saturday	zaterdag

Times of the Day

Dutch birth and death records often indicated the time of day when the birth or death occurred. This is usually written out.

Dutch	English
des avonds ('s avonds)	in the evening
des middags ('s middags)	in the afternoon
des morgens ('s morgens)	in the morning
des nachts ('s nachts)	in the night
in de namiddag	in the mid-afternoon
in de voormiddag	in the mid-morning

Occupations

Dutch	English
akkerbouwer	farmer
amanuensis	amanuensis
apothekersbediende	pharmacy clerk
arbeider	worker
bakker	baker
bakkersknecht	baker's apprentice
banketbakker	confectioner
barbier	barber
bediende	clerk
behanger	paperhanger
besteller	postman
beurtschipper	skipper
bierbrouwer	brewer
bierbrouwers knecht	brewers servant
bleeker	paler
blikslager	tinsmith
boek drukkers gezel	journeyman printers
boekbinder	bookbinder
boekdrukker	printer
boerenknecht	farmhand
boschwachter	woodranger
brievenbesteller	postman
brievengaarder	village postmaster
broodbakker	baker
colporteur	canvasser
conducteur	conductor
daghuurder	days tenant
dagloner	day laborer
dekker	roofer
dienstbode	servant
dienstmeid	maid servant
geneesheer	physician
gepensioneerde	pensioner
gepensioneerd soldaat	retired soldier
gerechtsdienaar	justiciary
goudsmid	goldsmith
gruster	??
hoefsmid	blacksmith
horlogemaker	watchmaker
houtzager	sawyer
huisknecht	servant
kaasmaker	cheese maker
kantoorbediende	clerk
kassier	cashier
kastelein	landlord
kastenmaker	cabinet-maker
kleermaker/kleedermaker/kledermaker	tailor
koetsier	coachman
koperslager	coppersmith
kostschoolhouder	container boarding
kramer	pedlar, hawker
kruidenier knecht	grocery servant
kuiper	cooper
kurken snijder	cork cutter
laagmolenaarsgezel	low apprentice
ladelmaker	label maker ??
landbouwer	farmer
landeigenaar	land owner
landmeter	surveyor
leeraar	teacher
leerlooier	tanner
leestenmaker	??
letterzetter	compositor
lijkbezorger	mortician
logementhouder	innkeeper
loodgieter	plumber
meubelmaker	joiner
molenaar	miller
mutsenmaakster	milliner
muziekonderwijzer	music teacher
muzikant	musician
muzijkmeester	??
naaister	seamstress
notaris	notary
onderwijzer	teacher
oppermachtmeester	supremacy master
opperwachtmeester	sergeant major
oppasser	keeper
opzigter	overseer
pakhuisknecht	warehouseman
papiermaker	papermaker
particulier	private
pettenmaker	hat maker
postbode	mailman
pottenbakker	potter
procureur	attorney
rietdekker	thatcher
schaap
scharenslijper	grinder
scheepsroeier	ship's rower
scheepstimmerman	shipwright
schilder	painter
schoenmaker	shoemaker
schrijnwerker	joiner
shipper	skipper
sjouwer	porter
slager	butcher
smid	smith
spoorbeambte	guard rail
spoorwegbeambte	railway employee
stalhouder	jobber,liveryman
steendrukker	lithographer
steenfabriekant	stone manufacturer side
steenhouwer	stonemason
stoelenmaker	chair maker
stratenmaker	road worker
stroodekker	straw decker
stukadoor	plasterer
tabakshandelaar	tobacco merchant
tabaksplanter	tabacco farmer
timmerman	carpenter
torenwachter	watchman
touwslager	rope-maker
turfdrager	peat carrier
uitdrager	broker
veearts	veterinarian
veldwachter	patrolman
verwer	processing
visscher	fisherman
voerman	carter
voermandgezel	food basket companion
voermansknecht	carter servant
wagenmaker	wagon maker or wheelwright
warmoezenier	market
werkster aan den papiermolen	worker at the paper mill
wethouder	alderman
wijnhandelaar	wine merchant
wijnkoopersgezel	wine-merchant companion
wijnkoopersknecht	wine-merchant's servant
winkelier	shopkeeper (male)
winkelierster	shopkeeper (female)
wisselwachter	switchman
zadelmaker	saddler
zilversmid	silversmith

Spelling and Grammar

Grammar

In Dutch, as in English, the forms of some words will vary according to how they are used in a sentence. Who—whose—whom, or marry—marries—married are examples of words in English with variant forms. This word list gives the standard form of each Dutch word. As you read Dutch records, you will need to be aware that some words vary with usage.

The prefix t is equal to the Dutch word het, which means the. The prefix s- is a part of many place-names and means des (of the). All prefixes are disregarded in alphabetized lists, except in Flemish records.

The endings of words in a document may differ from what you find in this list. For example, the document may use the word jonger, but you will find it in this word list as jong. In addition, the suffixes -je, -tje,-tien, or -ke are often added to words to indicate "little." These suffixes can also indicate the feminine version of a name. Therefore, the word zoontje means "little" or "young (tje) son (zoon)." The ending -sdr means "daughter of."

Plural forms of Dutch words usually add -en or -s to the singular word. Thus boer (farmer) becomes boeren (farmers), and tafel (table or index) becomes tafels (tables or indexes). Rarely, -eren is added to form the plural. Examples: blad becomes bladeren (leaves [of a tree]), kind becomes kinderen (children).

In Dutch, many words are formed by joining two or more words. Very few of these compound words are included in this list. You will need to look up each part of the word separately. For example, geboortedag is a combination of two words, geboorte (birth) and dag (day).

Alphabet

IJ is equivalent to a Y. If a word whose first letter is to be capitalized starts with IJ, then both must be capitalized. Usually words beginning with IJ are alphabetized under Y, but not always.

When the Dutch alphabetize names of places or surnames, prefixes such as van der, de, or ter are not considered in the alphabetization.

Example:

ten Brock

van der Graf

's-Gravenhage

van Hijden

de Jong

van Leeuwen

ter Pelkwijk

van IJlst

't Zandt

Spelling

Most writers from before the 18th century would have found the idea of a single spelling for any particular word rather odd. If several possible spelling variants are available, why should one be limited to only one choice? Early writers certainly took advantage of the many possibilities available to them. After all, variety is the spice of life. In modern Dutch, the sound represented by the English word ‘I’ can be rendered by several letter sets, including ‘ij’ and ‘ei.’ Again, writers from previous centuries could and did use either of these in addition to several others that are not in common use today to render the ‘I’ sound.

y, i, ij and j can all be interchanged for each other. Note that technically the letter y did not traditionally exist in Dutch.

g used for ch

d, dt and t can all be interchanged for each other.

j and i used interchangeably

s and z used interchangeably

sch used for ss

vowels (a,e,o,i,u) being repeated, and vice-versa

Abbreviations being used such as 't for het, 's for des.

Example:

echt spelled as egt

overlijden spelled as overlyden

Arie spelled as Arij

Marietje spelled as Marietie

gekomen spelled as gekoomen

zondag spelled as sondag

Tussenbroek spelled as Tusschenbroek

In the vast majority of cases, the variant spellings represent the same pronunciation as the standard form. Some are simply antiquated; others are dialect forms. We will not consider personal names or words that have Latin endings, such as ‘Aprilis.’ We will, however, consider some place names. The traditional dialect of northern Germany, Low German, is very closely related to Dutch.

The researcher should not be alarmed, nor think the scribe ‘did not know how to spell,’ when he encounters these variants. Many of these variants will be found well into the 19th century. In some cases, it is impossible to tell whether the scribe wrote ‘ij’ or ‘y’. Although we list a few of these, to list every possible variation with this set would be superfluous.

Standard Dutch	Variant
aangenomen	aen genoomen
acht	agt
achttien	agtien
avondmaal	avondtmael, avontmael
ambtenaar	ambtenaer
august	oogst
Christelijke	crijstelijcke
dag	dagh, dach
dertien	dartien
dertig	dartig
dezes	deses
Dinsdag	Dingsdag
dochter	dogter
dochtertje	Dogtertje
door	dooir
duizend	duizent, duyzend
een	ëen
februari	feeberijuarij
geboren	gebooren
geboorte	Gheboorte
gebracht	gebragt
gekocht	gecogt
gekomen	geekomen
gedoopt	gedooipt
gekomen	gekoomen
genaamt	genaemt, genaemd, genaempt
geslacht	geslagt
gestorven	gestoruen
getuigen	getuygen, getuijgen
gevluchte	gevlugte
heden	heeden
huisvrouw	huijsvrouw, huysvrouwe, huÿsvrouw
huwelijk	houwelijk
jaar	jaer, jaere
jaren	jaeren
januari	January
juni	Junij
kerk	kerck
kind	kindt, kinnd
kleermaker	kledermaker
knecht	knegt
laten	laeten
ledematen	leedematen,leede maten, leede maaet
licht	ligt
maand	maend
maandag	maendag
maart	maert, meert
-maker	-maacker
mei	Maaij
metselaar	metzelaar
mochten	mogten
naar	naer
's nachts	's nachs
namen (noun)	naemen
negentig	t'negentig
nemen	neemen
november	nohvembr
onecht	onegt
ontvangen	ontfangen
Oostvlaanderen	Oostvlaenderen
oud	oudt
paard	peerd
personen	paersoone
plaats	plaets
raad	raed, raedt
rechter	regter
sedert	zeedert
soldaat	zoldaat
tachtig	tagtig
tijd	teyd
tussen	tuschen, tusschen
vader	vaader
verklaard	verklaerd
verstorven	verstoruen, uerstoruen, versturven, voorstoruen, voor storuen
verzocht	verzogt
vijftig	vyftig
vleeschhouwer	vleeshouwer
volmacht	volmagt
vrijdag	Vrydag
wezen	weezen
woonachtig	wonagtig, woonachtigh
zaterdag	Saterdag
zelven	selven
zestig	tsestig
zeven	seven, zeeven, seeven
zeventien	seventien
zich	zig
zijn	sijn, syn, zyn
zijne	syne
zoon	soon, sone, soone
zuster	susther

Additional Resources

For further help, use a Dutch-English dictionary. Several Dutch-English dictionaries are available at the FamilySearch Library. These are in the European collection. Their call numbers begin with 439.31321.

The following dictionary is available on microfilm for use in FamilySearch Centers:

Dutch-English, English-Dutch Van Goor Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: G. B. Van Goor, 1938. (FS Library film 1183584 item 2.)

Additional dictionaries are listed in the Subject search of the FamilySearch Catalog under DUTCH LANGUAGE - DICTIONARIES or in the Place search under NETHERLANDS - LANGUAGE AND LANGUAGES. These include dictionaries of various dialects and time periods.

On the following Internet address Integrated Language Bank you can find: a modern Dutch dictionary, old, early Middle Ages and later Middle Ages Dutch dictionaries and a Frisian dictionary.

The includes an example of the German (Gothic) alphabet in print and handwriting. Also go to Germany Handwriting.

See the FamilySearch Tutorials on "Reading Dutch Written Records"

• Reading Dutch Birth Records
• Reading Dutch Marriage Records
• Reading Dutch Death Records

Cassell’s English–Dutch Dutch–English Dictionary. 36th ed. New York: Macmillan, 1981. (FS Library book 439.31321 Ca272.)

Stierp–Impink, A. C. Practisijns Woordenboekje, of Verzameling van Meest alle de Woorden in de Rechtskunde Gebruikelijk (Lawyer’s Dictionary, or List of Most Words Used in Legal Documents). Alkmaar: A. C. Stierp–Impink, 1985. (FS Library book 949.2 P26s.) This legal dictionary, originally created in 1785, identifies words found in court, land, notarial, and guardianship records.

Verdam, J. Middelnederlandsch Handwoordenboek (Middle Dutch Dictionary). ’s-Gravenhage: Martinus Nijhoff, 1964. (FS Library book 439.317 V582m; film 1045404 item 2.) This dictionary will help with most archaic words found in documents before 1811.

Additional language aids, including dictionaries of various dialects and time periods, are listed in the Place search of the FamilySearch Catalog under:

NETHERLANDS – LANGUAGE AND LANGUAGES

NETHERLANDS, [PROVINCE] – LANGUAGE AND LANGUAGES

or in the "Subject Search" under:

DUTCH LANGUAGE – DICTIONARIES

Alphabetical Word List

A

Dutch	English
aan	upon, to
aangenomen naam	named, alias, also known as, assumed name, accepted surname
aannemen	to adopt (a child), to assume, to take on
aanneming	confirmation
aannemingsdag	day of confirmation
aanstaande	next, toward, following, expectant, future, impending
aanval	stroke, attack
aarde	earth (buried in), ground
aardrijkskundig woordenboek	gazetteer
acht	eight
achtenswaardig	respectable, honorable
achtentwintig	twenty-eight
achtentwintigste	twenty-eighth
achterkleindochter	great-granddaughter
achterkleinzoon	great-grandson
achternaam	surname, last name
achtste	eighth
achttien	eighteen
achttiende	eighteenth
adel	nobility
adellijk	noble, titled
aderlating	bleeding, bloodletting
adresboek	directory
advocaat	notary, lawyer
afkondigen	to post banns
afkondigingen	proclamations, banns
afschrift(en)	extract, duplicate record, transcript, certified copy
afwezig	absent
akte	certificate, deed, license
alhier	here, at this place, locally
alle	all, every
alleen	alone, single, only
altijd, steeds	always
ambt	office, function, post
ambtelijk	official, professional
ambtenaar	official, registrar, civil servant, clerk
ander(s)	other
anders genoemd	alias, also known as
angiften	intentions (marriage), declarations
Apostolisch	Apostolic
April, april	April
arbeider	laborer
archief	archive
archieven	archives
Augustus, augustus	August
avond ('s avonds)	evening, (in the evening)
Avondmaal	communion, sacrament

B

Dutch	English
bad(plaats)	resort, spa, bath
baker	dry nurse
bakker	baker
bedelaar	beggar
bedrag	fee, amount (of money)
bedrijf	trade, business, concern
begraafplaats	cemetery
begrafenis	funeral
begraven	to bury
behoeftigden	needy, indigent
behoren	to belong to
beide	both
bejaard	aged
bekende	acquaintance
belasting	taxation
Belg(isch)	Belgian
België	Belgium
bemerking	remarks
benadering	approximation
berg	mountain
beroep	trade, occupation
beschrijving	description
beslagnemen	to seize
besnijdenis	circumcision
bestedelingenhuis	poorhouse
bet-overgrootvader	second great-grandfather
bet-bet-overgrootvader	third great-grandfather
betrekking	in relation to, relatives
betuiging	declaration, expression
bevolking	population
bevolkingsregister	population register
bewaarder	guardian, warden
bewijs	certificate, proof
bewijs van overlijden	proof of death, death certificate
bewijs van trouwen	proof of marriage, marriage certificate
bidden	to pray, to request
bijlagen	supplemental documents
bijna	almost, nearly
bijnaam	surname, nickname
bijzit	mistress, concubine
binnenkant	inside
biografie	biography
bisdom	diocese
bladzijde (blz.)	page
bloedverwant	blood relative
bloeimaand	blossoming month, May
boek	book
boer	farmer
boerenarbeider	cottager, farmhand, worker
boerenknecht	farm worker
bos	woods, forest
bosbaas	forester
bosch	woods, forest (old spelling of the word)
boswachter	forester
boven	above, over, upstairs
bovengemelden	above-mentioned
braaf	honest, worthy, good
broeder, broer	brother
brouwer	brewer
brug	bridge
bruid	bride
bruidegom	bridegroom
buiten	without
buiten(kant)	outside
buitenechtelijk	illegitimate
burgemeester	mayor
burgelijke administralie	civil administration
burger	citizen
burgerboek	citizenship book
burgerlijke ambtenaar	civil registrar
burgerlijke stand	civil registration, civil administration
burgerschap	citizenship
buurman	neighbor
buurtschap	neighborhood

C

Dutch	English
communicanten	members, communicants
comparant	one who appeared
compareerde	appeared before
confirmatie	confirmation

D

Dutch	English
daar(heen)	there
dag	day
dag der begravenis	day of the burial, burial day
dagelijks	daily
dagloner	day worker, day laborer
dagteekening	document date
dal	valley
dat	that
datum	date
de	the
December, december	December
deden	done
deed	did
deel	volume, part of
Deen	Dane
Deens	Danish
degenen	those
Denemarken	Denmark
derde	third
dertien	thirteen
dertiende	thirteenth
dertig	thirty
dertigste	thirtieth
des	of the
dewelke	of which, the which
deze	this, these
diarree	diarrhea
die	those, that
dienst	service, employment
dienstbode	servant
dienstmeisje	servant girl
dienstsmeid	maid
dinsdag	Tuesday
diocees	diocese
dit	this
dochter(tje)	(little) daughter
doen	to do
dominee	minister
donderdag	Thursday
dood	dead
dood geboren	stillborn
doodgraver	sexton, grave digger
doop	baptism, christening
doopdag	day of baptism
doopregister	baptismal register
Doopsgezinde	Mennonite, Baptist
doopvader	godfather, baptismal sponsor
door	through, by
dopen	to baptize
dorp	village
drie	three
drieëntwintig	twenty-three
drieëntwintigste	twenty-third
drupped	gout
duits	German (language)
duitser	German (person)
Duitsland	Germany
duizend	thousand
duizendste	thousandth
duplicaat	duplicate
dysenterie	dysentery

E

Dutch	English
echt	marriage
echtbreker	adulterer
echtelieden	spouses
echtgenoot	husband
echtgenote	wife
echtgenoten	husband and wife, spouses
echtscheiding	divorce
echtverbintenis	marriage
edel(man)	noble(man)
een	a, an, one
eenendertig	thirty-one
eenendertigste	thirty-first
eenentwintig	twenty-one
eenjarig	annual, yearly
eerder	before, previously, earlier
eergisteren	day before yesterday
eerlijk	honest
eertijds	formerly
eeuw	century
ehelieden	spouses
eigenaar	owner, proprietor
eigengeërfde	yeoman, freeholder
eiland, eilant	island
elf	eleven
elfde	eleventh
elk	each, every
emigrant	emigrant
emigranten register	emigration file
emigratie papieren	emigration records
en	and
enig	only, single
erfenis	inheritance
erkennende	recognizing, acknowledging
ervan	of it
ervoor	for it
Evangelisch	evangelical

F

Dutch	English
fabriek	factory, mill
familie-geschiedenis	family history
familieleden	family members,relatives
familielijst	family list, group sheet
familienaam	family name, surname
familiewapen	familycoat of arms
Februarij, februari	February
feestdag	feast day, holiday
fiches	index cards
florijn	guilder
Frankrijk	France
frans	French

G

Dutch	English
gangbaar	current
geboorte	birth
geboorteakte	birth certificate
geboortebewijs	proof of birth,birth certificate
geboorteplaats	place of birth
geboortetijd	time of birth
geboortig	born at, native of
geboren	born, maiden name, née
gebracht	brought, placed, charged, put, been
gedelegeerden	delegate, delegates, delegates to
gedoopt	baptized, christened
geelzucht	jaundice
geen	no, none, without
geestelijke	priest, clergyman
gegeven	given, gave
gehucht	hamlet
gehuwd	married
geld	money
gelegitimeerd	legitimized
gelijk	same, alike, similar
gemeenschap	community, township
gemeente	town, municipality, parish
gemeenteraadslid	councilman, town councilor
genaamd	named
genaamt	named
genealogie	genealogy
genoemden	named, mentioned
gerechtelijk(e)	court, judicial
gerechtshof	judicial court
Gereformeerd(e)	Calvinist Reformed
gering	small
gescheiden	divorced
geschenk	deed, gift, present
geschiedenis	history
geslacht	sex, gender
geslachtsboom	pedigree, family tree
gestorven	died
gestorven zonder nageslacht	died without issue
geteekend	signed, drew
getranscribeerd	transcribed
getrouwd	married
getuigen	witnesses
gewesen	former
gezegend	blessed, the deceased
gezin	immediate family
gezindheid	religious affiliation
gezinslijst	family group sheet
gezwel, gezwollenheid	swelling, tumor
gezworene	juryman, person under oath
gisteren	yesterday
Godsbeschikking	dispensation, God's will
godsdienst	religion
goed	good, right, correct
graaf	count, earl
graafschap	county, shire
graf	grave, tomb
grasmaand	gras month,April
grens	border (between countries)
grensgebied	border, region
groen	green
groet	greet, greeting
grondeigenaren	property owners
groot	large, big, great
groothandelaar	trader, merchant
grootmoeder	grandmother
grootvader	grandfather
gulden	guilder (unit of money)

H

Dutch	English
haar, hare	hair, her, hers
had(den)	had
half	half
halfbroeder	half brother
halfzuster	half sister
handel	trade, occupation
handtekening	signature
handwerksgezel	journeyman
hebben	to have
heden	today
heel	all, whole, entire, complete
heer	master, gentleman, Mr.
Heer	the Lord
heerschappen	gentry, lords
hem	him
hen, hun	them, their, theirs
herbergier	innkeeper
herder	shepherd
herfst	autumn, fall
herfstmaand	fall month, September
Hernhutter	Moravian
hertog	duke
hertogdom	duchy
hertogin	duchess
Hervormd(e)	Dutch reformed
Hessisch	Hessian
het	it, the
heuvel	hill
hij	he
hoe	how
hoer	harlot, immoral woman
hoesten	cough
hoger	upper, higher
hollands	Dutch
honderd	hundred
honderdste	hundredth
hoofdplaats	capital
hoog	high
hooimaand	hay month, July
houtvester	forester
huidziekte	measles
huis	house
huisgezin	immediate family
huishoudster	housekeeper
huisland	home, native country, homeland
huisvrouw	housewife
huizenkant	inside, side of a house
hun	their
huwelijksaangiften	marriage intention
huwelijk	marriage
huwelijksaf(aan)-kondigingen	marriage banns
huwelijksbijlagen	marriage supplements
huwelijksdag	day of marriage
huwelijksfeest	wedding
huwen	to marry

I

Dutch	English
immigrant	immigrant
in	in
ingekomen	arrival, immigration
ingezetenen	citizen, occupants
inhoud	contents
inschrijvingen	registers
inwoner	inhabitant, citizen
is	is
italiaans	Italian
Italië	Italy

J

Dutch	English
jaar, jaren	year, years
jaarlijks	annual, yearly
jager	hunter
Januarij, januari	January
j.d. (jonge dochter)	unmarried daughter
j.g. (jong gezel)	young man, bachelor
jicht	gout
j.m. (jonge man)	young man, bachelor
jong(e)	young
jongeling	a youth, unmarried man
jongen	boy
Jood	Jew
joods(e)	Jewish
juffrouw	Miss, Madame
Julij, juli	July
Junij, juni	June

K

Dutch	English
kamer	room (in a house)
kan	can
kanaal	canal
kanker	cancer
kantwerkster	lacemaker
karman	coachman
kasteel	castle
Katholiek	Catholic
keizerlijk	imperial
keizerrijk	empire
kerk	church
kerkboek	church book, parish register
kerkelijk(e)	church (pertaining to church)
kerkelijk ambt	parish office
kerkeraads-handelingen	church minutes
kerkgenootschap	religious affiliation
kerk meester	church warden
kerk voogt	church warden
kil	stream, brook
kind, kinderen	child, children
kinkhoest	whooping cough
klapper	index
kledinghandelaar	clothier
kleermaker	tailor
klein	little, small
kleindochter	granddaughter
kleiner	smaller, lesser
kleinzoon	grandson
klompenmaker	wooden shoemaker
km.	kilometer
knecht	servant, laborer, journeyman
kohier(en)	register(s), ledger(s)
koning	king
koningin	queen
koninklijk	royal
koninkrijk	kingdom
koopman	buyer, seller, vendor, trader, merchant
kopen	to buy
koperslager	coppersmith
koster	sexton
kraambed	childbed
kraambed gestorven	died in childbirth
kraambedkoorts	puerperal fever, childbed fever
kramer	seller, vendor, peddler
krampachtig	convulsions
krampen	cramps, convulsions
krijgen	to receive
kuiper	cooper
kunnen	could
kwaal	disease, complaint
kwaliteit	status, quality
kwartierstaat	pedigree, family tree

L

Dutch	English
laat, laatste tijd	late (in the day), lately
laatste	latter, last
lakenvoller (-volder)	clothier, fuller
land	land, country
landbouwer	farmer
landgoed, landbezit	estate
landkaart	map
landlieden	farmers
landman	cottager, farmer
land verlatend	emigrant
laten	to let, leave, allow
leeftijd	age
leerjongen	apprentice
leerling	student, apprentice, pupil
leerlooier	tanner
leggen	to place, put, impose, to lay
lente	spring (season)
lentemaand	spring month, March
leven	to live
levend	living
levenloos	without life, stillborn
levens-beschrijving	biography
lidmaten	members, membership
linker hand	left hand
links	left (direction)
linnenwever	linen weaver
logementhouder	innkeeper
longontsteking	pneumonia
longtering	consumption, tuberculosis
looier	tanner
louwmaand	January
Lutheraan, Luthers	Lutheran
lijk	corpse
lijnslager	rope maker

M

Dutch	English
maagd	virgin, maid, servant girl
maand	month
maandag	Monday
maar	but
Maart	March
mag	may (might)
makelaar registers	real estate registers
man	husband, man
mannelijk	male
markt	market
mazelen	measles
meer	lake, more
meerderjarige	of legal age
Meij, mei	May
meier	tenant farmer, bailiff
meisje	girl
melkerij	milk factory, dairy
melkfabriek	milk factory, dairy
mengel (mingel)	liquid measure, about one to two quarts
met	with
met name	named, alias
metselaar	mason, bricklayer
meu	aunt
meubelmaker	furniture maker
middag ('s middags)	afternoon (in the afternoon)
middernacht	midnight
mijnheer	Mr.
mijnwerker	miner
militaire	military
minderjarige	minor, below legal age
misschien	maybe, perhaps
missen	to miss, lack
mocht	might
moeder	mother
moet(en)	must
mogen	may (might have), to allow
molen	mill
mondig verklaring	declaration of being of legal age
morgen	unit of land area, about two acres
morgen ('s morgens)	morning, tomorrow (in the morning)
mijl	mile (varying lengths, up to 5.5 km.)

N

Dutch	English
na	after
naaister	seamstress
naam	name
naar	to, toward, for, according to
naar gelang van	to, after, according to
naast	beside, following, next (to)
nabijkomen	approach, approximate
nabuur	neighbor
nacht ('s nachts)	night (in the night)
namen	names
namiddag, ('s namiddags)	afternoon (in the afternoon)
nanoen	afternoon
neder	low, lower (directional)
Nederland	the Netherlands
nederlands	Dutch
neef	nephew, male cousin
neefje	nephew, young male cousin
neffens	next, in addition to
negen	nine
negende	ninth
negenentwintig	twenty-nine
negenentwintigste	twenty-ninth
negentien	nineteen
negentiende	nineteenth
negentig	ninety
negentigste	ninetieth
neger	Negro
nicht	niece, female cousin
nichtje	niece, young female cousin
niet(s)	no, none, not
niets	nothing
nieuw	new
nimmer	never
noemen	to christen, call, name
nog	still, yet, other
nog in leven	still living, surviving
nommer, nummer	number
nooit	never
noor(s)	Norwegian
noord	north
Noorwegen	Norway
notaris	notary
november	November

O

Dutch	English
october	October
of	or
om	for, because of, at, round
oma	grandma
omstreeks	about, around
on-	un- (prefix)
onbekend	unknown
onder	under
ondergetekende	the undersigned
ondertrouw	betrothal (already registered)
onderwijzer	(school) teacher
onderwijzeres	female teacher
onecht kind	illegitimate child
ongehuwd	unmarried
ongeleerdheid	illiterate, unlearned
ongetrouwd	single, unmarried
ongeveer	almost, approximately
onkunde	inability, incompetence, ignorance, ignorance of
onmiddellijk	right away, immediately
onmondigen	minor, under age
ons, onze	us, our
ontvangen	to receive, received
ontvanger	tax collector
onwettig	illegitimate, illegal
onze, ons	us, our
opgesteld	drafted
oogstmaand	harvest month, August
ook	also
oom	uncle
oorkonden	records, documents
oost	east
op	on, upon
opa	grandpa
opgetreden	appeared
op heden	today, on this day
op hoge leeftijd	at a great (old) age
opnemen	to receive
opper	upper
oprecht	honest
optreden	to appear
opziener	overseer, inspector, guardian
organisatie	organization, society
oud	old (age)
ouder	older, elder
ouderdom	age
ouders	parents
oudoom	great-uncle
oudste	eldest
oudtante	great-aunt
over	above, over, via
overeenkomst	contract, agreement
overgrootmoeder	great-grandmother
overgrootvader	great-grandfather
overleden	dead, deceased
overledene, de	the deceased
overlevenden	survivors
overlijden	to die
overnemen	to take over, adopt (an action)
overschrijven	to extract

P

Dutch	English
pachter	tenant farmer, leaser, one who leases
pachter (van belastingen)	publican, tax collector
Palts, de	the Palatinate
Paltsgraafschap	count palatine (the place)
paltsgrafelijk	(from the) palatinate
parochie	parish
parochieregisters	parish registers
Pasen	Easter, Passover
Pascha	Passover
pastoor	pastor, priest (Roman Catholic church)
patroon	manor lord, patron, employer
peet	godfather, godparent, sponsor
peetoom	godfather
peettante	godmother
pensionering	retirement
pest	plague, pestilence
petemoei	godmother
peten	godparents
plaag	plague, scourge
plaats	place
planter	planter, farmer
pokken	smallpox
Polen	Poland, Poles
pools	Polish
poorter	citizen, freeman
poortersboeken	burgher registers
portugees	Portuguese
predikant	minister, clergyman (Protestant church)
prins	prince
prinses	princess
protestant	protestant
protocol	document, register
provinciaal	provincial
provincie	provinces
Pruis(isch)	Prussian
Pruissen	Prussia

R

Dutch	English
raad	council, counsel
recht	right (correct), straight, law, justice
rechter	judge, magistrate
rechter(zijde)	right side
rechter hand	right hand
rechterlijk	legal, court (judicial)
rechtmatig	rightful, right (correct)
rechts	right (direction)
regering	government, administration
rekeningen	accounts, bills
rentenier	retired tradesperson, man of means
rivier	river
roede	rod (unit of length, about twelve feet or 3.6 meters)
rond	around, about
rood	red
roodvonk	scarlet fever
Rooms Katholiek	Roman Catholic
ruim	[ruim 80 = eighty plus years old] large, broad, wide, upwards of
Rus(sisch)	Russian
Rusland	Russia
rijk	empire, kingdom, rich, wealthy
rijksarchief	national and/or state archive, public record office

S

Dutch	English
s = des	of the Sakser Saxon
samen	together
schaapherder	shepherd
scheeps	of a ship (the ship's)
schenking	donation, gift
schepen	alderman, magistrate, ships
schepenakten	city council records
schilder	painter
schip	ship
schipper	barge man, boatman, skipper
schlepel	unit of measure, about .7 to 1.3 bushels
schoenmaker	shoemaker
school	school
schoondochter	daughter-in-law
schoonzoon	son-in-law
schoonzuster	sister-in-law
schriftgeleerde	scribe
schrijnwerker	cabinet maker, joiner
schrijver	scribe, writer, author
schuit	barge, boat
September	September
sinds(dien)	since
slachter, slager	butcher
slachtmaand, slagtmaand	slaughter month, November
slag	hit, stroke, blow
slager, slachter	butcher
slechts	but, only, merely
sloot	ditch
slot	lock, castle
slotenmaker	locksmith
smid	(black)smith
soldaat	soldier
soms	sometimes, besides, in addition to
spaans	Spanish
Spanjaard	Spaniard
Spanje	Spain
spoedig	quickly, soon, speedy
sprokkelmaand	wood gathering month, February
staat	state
staats	of the state
staatsburger	citizen
stad	city, town
stamboeken	lineage books, genealogical register
stamboom	pedigree
steeds	always, still
steenbakker	brick maker, stone mason
stellen	to place, put, impose
sterven	to die
stief-	step-
straat	street
stroom	stream, river

T

Dutch	English
t = het	the
taal	language
tachtig	eighty
tachtigste	eightieth
tafel	index, table
tanden krijgen	getting teeth, teething
tante	aunt
te	at, to
tegelijk	together, at the same time
tegen(over)	against, across
tegenwoordigheid	presence, the presence of
te huis	at home
teraardebestelling	burial, interment
testament	last will, testament
thuis	at home
tien	ten
tiende	tithing
tiende	tenth
tienjarige tafels	ten-year (decennial) index
tiental	decade
tiental dagen	about ten days
tijd	time
tijdelijk	temporary
tijdschrift	periodical
timmerman	carpenter
toekomend	future, next
toekomstig	future, prostpective
toenaam	surname
toestaan	to let, grant, allow
toestemmen	to consent
touwslager	rope maker
trouwboek	marriage book
trouwdag	wedding day
trouwen	to marry
tuberculose	consumption, tuberculosis
tuin	garden, yard
tuinman, tuinier	gardener
tussen	between
twaalf	twelve
twaalfde	twelfth
twee	two
tweede	second
tweeëntwintig	twenty-two
tweeëntwintigste	twenty-second
tweeling	twins
twintig	twenty
twintigste	twentieth
tyfus	typhoid fever
tyfuslijder	typhoid patient

U

Dutch	English
uit	out of, from
uiterlijk	outward, external, appearance, at the latest
uitgeven	to publish
uittrekken	extract
uur	hour, o'clock

V

Dutch	English
vaak	often
vader	father
vallende ziekte	epilepsy
van	from, of
veehoeder	herdsman
veertien	fourteen
veertiende	fourteenth
veertig	forty
veertigste	fortieth
veld	field
veldwachter	constable, policeman, patrolman, village policeman
verdrinking	drowning
vergunning	permission
verjaardag	birthday
verklaard	declared
verklaren	to declare
verklaring	declaration, affidavit, sworn statement
verkondigen	publish (as in banns), proclaim
verlamming	paralysis, stroke
verlaten	to leave, left
verleden	past
verlof	leave (soldier's), permission
verloofd	betrothed, engaged
verloofde(n)	engaged person(s), fiancée, fiancé
verloving	betrothal, engagement
verpandings-kohieren	tax ledger
verscheiden	to pass away or die, various, different
verschijnt	appears
verstopping	obstruction, blockage
vertering	consumption, tuberculosis
vertrokken	departed, moved, gone away
verver	dyer, house painter
verwantschap	relationship
verwijderen	to remove, to withdraw
vestigen	to settle, establish
vesting	fortress
vier	four
vierde	fourth
vierentwintig	twenty-four
vierentwintigste	twenty-fourth
vijf	five
vijfde	fifth
vijfentwintig	twenty-five
vijfentwintigste	twenty-fifth
vijftien	fifteen
vijftiende	fifteenth
vijftig	fifty
vijftigste	fiftieth
visser	fisherman
vleeshouwer	butcher
vlij	marsh, swamp
V.O.C.	Dutch East Indies Company
voerman	coachman
volbracht	performed, completed, finished
volbrengen	to finish, complete
volgend	following, next
volgende dag	(the) following day
volgens	to, after, according to, follows
volkstelling	census, population records
volmacht	authorization
voltooien	to finish, complete
voltrekkingen	solemnization
vondeling	foundling
voogd	guardian
voor	for, in front of, before
vooraf(gang)	previous, preceding
voorafgaand	former
voorafgaande dag	the previous day
voorbij	past, beyond, over
voorbij gaan	gone by
voorgaand	previous, preceding
voorheen	previous, formerly, in former days
voorjaar	spring (season)
voorlezing	reading, reading aloud
voormeld	before mentioned, said, stated
voormiddag	morning, forenoon (in the morning)
voornaam	given name
voornoemde	above-mentioned, aforesaid
voorouder	ancestor
voortekening	over his signature
voorts	furthermore, moreover, further, addition, also
voortgebracht	produced, generated, produced in, brought forth, emitted
voorvader	ancestor, forefather
vorig	previous, preceding
vorige dag	previous day
vormer	framer, molder
vormsel	Catholic confirmation
vorst	monarch, sovereign, ruler
vorstendom	principality
vreemd	foreign, strange
vriend	friend
vrijboer	farmer owner
vrijdag	Friday
vrijgezel	bachelor
vroedmeester	man who assists in childbirth
vroedvrouw	midwife
vroeg(tijdig)	early (a.m.), prematurely, untimely
vroeger	formerly, earlier
vrouw	woman, wife, Mrs.
vrouw(spersoon)	wife, woman, female
vrouwelijk	female
V.W.C.	Dutch West Indies Company

W

Dutch	English
waar	where
waaraan	which
waarheen	where to
waarom	why
wagenmaker	cartwright, wagon builder, coach builder
wanneer	when
wapen	heraldic crest, coat of arms
waren	were, goods
was	was
wat	what, how
waterzucht	dropsy
weduwe	widow
weduwnaar	widower
week	week
weeskamer	orphan's court
weeskind	orphan
wegens	because of
weinig	little, small, few
welk(e)	which
wellicht	maybe, perhaps
werkman	laborer
west	west
wet	law
wethouder	alderman
wettelijk	legal
wettelijk kind	legitimate child
wettig	lawful, legal
wever	weaver
wie	who
wieldraaijer	wheelwright
wij	we
wijk	district, area, section, ward
wijlen	late (deceased), the late, blessed
wijnmaand	wine month, October
wil	will, desire, wish, consent
wilde(n)	Indian(s) (in New York), savage(s)
willen	to want to
winkelier(ster)	shopkeeper male (female)
winter	winter
wintermaand	winter month, December
wit	white
woensdag	Wednesday
wonende	residing
woonachtig	resident, living at
woonplaats	residence, domicile, dwelling place
woordenboek	dictionary
worden	to become, be
woud	forest

IJ

Dutch	English
ijs	ice
IJsland	Iceland
ijzer	iron
ijzer smelterij	iron foundry
ijzersmid	smith, blacksmith
ijzerwaren	hardware
ijzerwerker	ironworker

Z

Dutch	English
zaken	trade, business, case, affairs
zaterdag	Saturday
ze	they, she
zeeman	sailor
zeepzieder	soap maker
zelfde	the same
zes	six
zesde	sixth
zesentwintig	twenty-six
zesentwintigste	twenty-sixth
zestien	sixteen
zestiende	sixteenth
zestig	sixty
zestigste	sixtieth
zetten	to place, put, impose
zeven	seven
zevende	seventh
zevenentwintig	twenty-seven
zevenentwintigste	twenty-seventh
zevenstigte	seventieth
zeventien	seventeen
zeventiende	seventeenth
zeventig	seventy
zie	see
ziekte	disease, illness
zij	she, they
zijn	its, his, to be, are
zijrivier	tributary, river, stream
zomer	summer
zomermaand	summer month, June
zondag	Sunday
zonder	without
zoon	son
zoontje	little son, small son
zou	should
zuid	south
zuigeling	baby, suckling
zuivelboer	dairy farmer
zuster	sister
zwager	brother-in-law
zwakheid	weakness
zwakte	weak
zwanger	pregnant
zwart	black
zwarten	Negroes, blacks
Zweden	Sweden
zweeds	Swedish
zwelling	swelling, tumor
Zwitserland	Switzerland
zwitsers	Swiss